THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN ISLAM MUHAMMAD IQBAL IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN ISBN 969-416-354-4 © 2011 Iqbal Academy Pakistan Government of Pakistan, 6th Floor, Aiwan-i-Iqbal Complex, Off Egerton Road, Lahore. Tel:[+ 92-42] 36314-510/99203573 Fax:[+ 92-42] 3631-4496 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.allamaiqbal.com Publisher: : Director Iqbal Academy Pakistan Writer: : M. Suheyl Umar 1st Edition : 2011 ii THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN ISLAM iii iv C ONTENTS EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION PREFACE I. KNOWLEDGE AND RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 1-22 II. THE PHILOSOPHICAL TEST OF THE REVELATIONS OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE 23-49 III. THE CONCEPTION OF GOD AND THE MEANING OF PRAYER 50-75 IV. THE HUMAN EGO–HIS FREEDOM AND IMMORTALITY 76-98 V. THE SPIRIT OF MUSLIM CULTURE 99-115 VI. THE PRINCIPLE OF MOVEMENT IN THE STRUCTURE OF ISLAM 116-142 VII. IS RELIGION POSSIBLE? 143-157 NOTES AND REFERENCES 158-214 BIBLIOGRAPHY 215-235 QUR’ANIC INDEX 236-241 INDEX 242-277 v vi EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION In the present edition of Allama Iqbal’s Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, an attempt has been made at providing references to many authors cited in it and, more particularly, to the passages quoted from their works. The titles of these works have not always been given by the Allama and, in a few cases, even the names of the authors have to be worked out from some such general descriptions about them as ‘the great mystic poet of Islam’, ‘a modern historian of civilization’, and the like. The work, however, referred to more often than any other, and quoted most, is the Qur’ān.