languages Article On the Latin Origins of Spanish mediante Esther Artigas Departament de Filologia Clàssica, Romànica i Semítica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
[email protected] Received: 4 February 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2019; Published: 28 February 2019 Abstract: This paper aims to contribute to the clarification of the linguistic and extra-linguistic circumstances that accompany the emergence and behavior of mediante in the first centuries of Spanish. To this end, the origin of the Latin participle medians, mediantis is examined and the evidence of its ablative form mediante in various contexts is also analysed and discussed. We conclude from our study that (1) the appearance of mediante in Latin takes place at a relatively late stage of Latin, it having entered the language as a grammatical calque from Greek; (2) in Latin, prepositional values of mediante, which do not necessarily originate from Latin absolute ablative clauses, are already detected; and finally, (3) discursive traditions and historical-cultural factors, in particular those developed in Patristic and Scholastic Literature, are fundamental for the understanding, not only of the evolution of mediante in Latin, but also of its introduccion into Spanish. Keywords: Latin mediante; grammatical calque; participle clause; prepositional value; discursive tradition 1. Introduction There is no dispute that mediante—a so-called improper, or imperfect, Spanish preposition—is derived from the Latin present participle medians,-ntis in absolute constructions. As it entered Spanish, it must have undergone a process of grammaticalization that led to the transcategorization from participle to preposition.1 Beyond these claims, the Latin origins of mediante have not been well defined, nor has their development in this language been sufficiently described and explained.