Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designation for Three Populations of Bull Trout
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Draft Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designation for Three Populations of Bull Trout Coastal-Puget Sound Jarbidge River Saint Mary-Belly River Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Economics Alexandria, Virginia Prepared by: Northwest Economic Associates A Division of ENTRIX, Inc. Vancouver, Washington April 22, 2005 Draft Economic Analysis of Critical Habitat Designation for Three Populations of Bull Trout Coastal-Puget Sound Jarbidge River Saint Mary-Belly River Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Division of Economics 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Alexandria, VA 22203 Prepared by: Northwest Economic Associates 12009 N.E. 99th Street, Suite 1410 Vancouver, WA 98682-2497 Send comments on the economic analysis to: John Young Bull Trout Coordinator U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Branch of Endangered Species 911 N.E. 11th Avenue Portland, OR 97232 April 22, 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ES-1 1.0 Introduction and Background 1 1.1 Approach to Estimating Economic Effects ................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Efficiency Effects ............................................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 Distributional Effects and Regional Economic Impacts.................................................. 3 1.1.2.1 Impacts on Small Entities and Energy Supply, Distribution, and Use.............. 4 1.1.2.2 Regional Economic Impacts.............................................................................. 4 1.2 Scope of the Analysis.................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Sections of the Act Relevant to Economic Analysis ....................................................... 7 1.2.2 Other Relevant Protection Efforts ................................................................................... 9 1.2.3 Additional Analytic Considerations ................................................................................ 9 1.2.4 Benefits............................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.4.1 The Potential for Amenity Values................................................................... 10 1.2.5 Analytic Time Frame..................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Information Sources .................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Background of the Bull Trout Listing ....................................................................................... 12 1.5 Background of the Bull Trout Critical Habitat Designation ..................................................... 13 1.6 Description of the Species and Habitat ..................................................................................... 14 1.7 Proposed Critical Habitat Designations..................................................................................... 18 1.7.1 Coastal-Puget Sound (Units 27 and 28) ........................................................................ 18 1.7.2 Jarbidge River (Unit 26)................................................................................................ 19 1.7.3 Saint Mary–Belly River (Unit 29)................................................................................. 19 1.7.4 A Note About Critical Habitat and Effects.................................................................... 19 1.8 Organization of the Report........................................................................................................ 20 1.8.1 Categories of Costs Delineated...................................................................................... 20 2.0 Framework for Economic Analysis 22 2.1 Geographic Units of Designation and Economic Analysis ....................................................... 22 2.2 Retrospective and Prospective Effects ...................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 Nearshore Marine Habitat HUCs................................................................................... 24 2.3 General Categories of Economic Effects .................................................................................. 24 2.3.1 Federal ........................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1.1 Section 7 Consultations, Technical Assistance, and Project Modifications....... 25 Draft Economic Analysis Northwest Economic Associates • i 2.3.2 Private............................................................................................................................ 25 2.3.2.1 Framework for Residential and Commercial Development Effects................ 25 2.3.2.2 Framework for Effects on Forest Management Practices ............................... 29 2.3.2.3 Framework for Effects on Agriculture ............................................................ 29 2.3.2.4 Framework for Effects on Livestock Grazing................................................. 30 2.3.2.5 Framework for Effects on Mining................................................................... 30 2.3.2.6 Framework for Effects on Transportation Networks....................................... 31 2.3.2.7 Framework for Effects on Dredging, Utilities, and Instream Activities ......... 31 2.3.3 Secondary and Regional Impacts................................................................................... 31 2.3.4 Effects on Small Entities ............................................................................................... 32 2.3.5 Effects on Energy Supply.............................................................................................. 33 2.4 Project Life, Period of Analysis, and Discount Rate................................................................. 33 2.5 Caveats and Assumptions.......................................................................................................... 33 2.5.1 Coastal-Puget Sound: Distribution of Economic Effects among Listed Species .......... 35 2.6 Economic Analysis of Bull Trout I: A Comparison of Approaches.......................................... 36 3.0 Coastal-Puget Sound Population of Bull Trout 39 3.1 Socioeconomic Profile of the Critical Habitat Area.................................................................. 39 3.1.1 Location and Geography of the Coastal-Puget Sound Region ...................................... 39 3.1.2 Population Characteristics and Demographics .............................................................. 40 3.1.3 Employment................................................................................................................... 41 3.1.4 Tribes in the Coastal-Puget Sound Region.................................................................... 49 3.1.4.1 Reservation Descriptions and Socioeconomic Characteristics........................ 51 3.2 Regulatory Environment ........................................................................................................... 56 3.2.1 Other Species Listed under the Act ............................................................................... 56 3.2.1.1 Implications for Estimating Costs Attributable to the Bull Trout ................... 58 3.2.2 Federal and State Statutes and Regulations................................................................... 59 3.2.2.1 Northwest Forest Plan ..................................................................................... 59 3.2.2.2 Habitat Conservation Plans ............................................................................. 60 3.2.2.3 Clean Water Act.............................................................................................. 65 3.2.2.4 Growth Management Act ................................................................................ 66 3.2.3 Elements of the Recovery Plan...................................................................................... 74 3.3 Effects on Residential and Commercial Development.............................................................. 76 3.3.1 Data and Assumptions................................................................................................... 76 3.3.1.1 Development Projection.................................................................................. 76 Draft Economic Analysis Northwest Economic Associates • ii 3.3.1.2 Attributing Development Costs to Stormwater Management and the Act...... 77 3.3.2 Costs of Project Modifications and Improvements........................................................ 81 3.3.3 An Alternate Approach: Stormwater Permits and Development................................... 82 3.4 Effects on Hydroelectric Projects and Other Water Storage Dams........................................... 83 3.4.1 Effects on Hydroelectric Projects .................................................................................. 85 3.4.1.1 Hydroelectric Projects in the Coastal-Puget Sound Region............................ 85 3.4.2 Assumptions and Uncertainties ..................................................................................... 98 3.4.3 Effects on Non-Hydroelectric Projects.......................................................................... 99 3.4.3.1 Non-Hydroelectric Projects in the Coastal-Puget Sound Region.................. 100 3.4.4 Assumptions and Uncertainties