SET-BC
Who’s it for?
A guide to symbol and text-based communication software
Part of the AAC & AT Series
First Edition
1 SET-BC
Who’s it for? A guide to symbol and text-based communication software © 2019
This document is published by Special Education Technology—British Columbia, a provincial resource program of the BC Ministry of Education.
Created by
Alexandra de la Nuez, SET-BC Tier 3 Speech Language Pathologist
All images are screen shots of communication software stock page sets. All customized pages and photos used are my own. Permission was granted by those in the birthday party photograph.
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Contents
All Things Considered
Section 1: Just In Time Communication Apps
Scene and Heard
GoTalkNow
Pictello
Book Creator
TapSpeak
CoughDrop
Section 2: Symbol-Based Whole Language Communication Software
TouchChat
Proloquo2Go
Snap + Core First
Super Core
Super Core Learning
Beeline
Vocabulary for Life
Symbol Talker A-D
Word Power (Grid 3, Communicator 5, & Unity)
PODD (Grid 3)
Unity
LAMP
CoreScanner
Section 3: Text-Based Communication Software
Unity Word Power
Unity WordCore
TouchChat 3 SET-BC
Predictable
Proloquo4Text
Assistive Express
Text Talker
Fast Talker 3
Essence
Section 4: Umbrella Systems for people with Physical Access Barriers
Grid 3
Communicator 5
Appendices: References & Resources
Appendix A: Glossary
Appendix B: References
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All Things Considered
The paradox of choice
The world of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is teeming with options. This is wonderful (!) because all AAC users are unique and benefit from different combinations of specific features (e.g., alternative access options, symbol sets, etc.); however, it can make feature matching overwhelming. The aim of this book is to release some of the tension around feature matching and give you a place of reference for the different software options. I include the major communication software we use at SET-BC as well as others commonly used throughout the province—this is not a complete list, as the options (particularly for apps) are seemingly endless.
This book is divided into four main sections: “just in time” (JIT) communication software, word-based whole language communication software, text-based communication software, and umbrella systems for people with physical access barriers.
What are “just in time” communication apps?
JIT apps take little time to learn and use, and can be adapted on the fly. In addition to the quick learning curve, JIT apps make great companion apps as they are often relatively low-cost and have specific features that are not ubiquitous among all AAC software (e.g., Visual Scene Displays).
What is a “whole language system”?
A whole language system is an AAC system that has robust generative language capabilities. The section on symbol-based whole language communication software (page 22) is where you will find phrase- based communication systems as well as AAC based in core and fringe vocabulary.
What is the difference between phrase-based and core-and-fringe-based vocabulary?
Phrase-based communication has whole phrases or carrier phrases as a message on a single button. Core-and-fringe-based vocabulary typically has a 1:1 correspondence from word to button. Core-and-fringe- based AAC is less restrictive than phrase-based because it allows for unlimited generative language ability— you can combine words to say anything. With this, it is important to keep in mind that phrase-based communication still has a place in AAC—if a student’s goal is for functional communication without generative language than phrase-based AAC is still a legitimate option. Phrase-based communication has its place within core-and-fringe-based AAC as well—AAC users should always have social phrases and common phrases programmed in their AAC.
How many locations should be on the grid?
This question is easily answered with assessment and a bit of exploration (e.g., AAC Assessment Genie, dynamic assessment, etc.). Regardless of the access method, you want to select the most locations per page that the student can accurately select and see. For example, if a student has typical fine motor ability (i.e., can point to small buttons) and vision, then they can likely handle a large number of locations (e.g., TouchChat 5 SET-BC
Word Power 100 with keyboard). If you are concerned about it being “too much” you can always hide buttons as you transition them to their AAC system (but don’t forget to unhide them eventually because students only have access to the vocabulary visible to them!).
Symbol-based vs. text-based
When deciding between symbol-based AAC systems and text-based systems, you must ask yourself one question: “Is this student literate?” If they are, then go forward with text-based AAC. If they are pre- literate or developing literacy, symbol-based AAC will be a better fit.
What is an umbrella system for people with physical access barriers?
“Umbrella systems” encapsulate communication page sets, desktop access, accessibility features, alternative access games, social media, and more. SET-BC currently supports two umbrella systems: Grid 3 and Communicator 5.
Is my student an emerging, context-dependent, or independent communicator?
Emerging communicators use non-symbolic communication that is limited to the here and now and relies on their communication partner’s shared knowledge. These are the students who can be “read” by their parents and people who work closely with them. Context-dependent communicators are developing symbolic communication and can communicate with more people, but are limited to specific communication partners. Independent communicators are people who use AAC to talk about anything with anyone at any time.
6 SET-BC Section 1: Just in Time Communication Software
Scene and Heard
GoTalkNow
Pictello
Book Creator
TapSpeak
CoughDrop
7 SET-BC Scene and Heard
Vendor Therapy Box
Software iOS
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Visual Scene Display (VSD) app for creating visual scenes with your own images (Therapy Box, 2018).
Target Emerging communicators who can direct select with touch. Use as a companion app for context- User dependent communicators whose high-tech AAC system does not have VSD capabilities.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Methods Indirect Selection: none
Symbol Set Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS), photos
Display Visual Scene Display
Features The following information is from Therapy Box (2018): Create an unlimited number of VSDs Buttons and hotspots within the VSDs Audio recordings for hotspots Task Prompting with countdown timer Make communication books Schedule scenes Visual timetable Available in English, German, Danish, and Swedish Ease of 10/10 Editing Easy to create VSDs, import images, edit hotspots, and add buttons on the fly
Voice Enhanced Voices
Backing Up Save within app
Limitations Symbols only appear along the bottom of the screen Cannot change order of symbols on the display once they are added Hotspots are not invisible Not available in French Cannot back up Not compatible with a keyguard iOS switch control not recommended Price App Store: $114.99
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Scene and Heard Tour
Figure 1.1 Scene and Heard birthday party example with hotspots and buttons (Therapy Box, 2018; Widgit Symbols, 2018).
9 SET-BC GoTalk Now
Vendor Attainment Company
Software iOS
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About GoTalk Now combines the low-tech ability of the familiar GoTalk devices with the high-tech capabilities of the iPad (Attainment Company, 2018).
Target Suitable for emerging communicators as an introduction to high-tech AAC or as a companion app for User context-dependent communicators
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: iOS switch control Methods
Symbol Set Photos, Emoji
Grid 1, 4, 9, 16, or 25 locations
Features The following information is from the Attainment Company (2018): Standard Pages o Action occurs when button is pressed Scene Pages o VSD built around a single image o Hotspots and buttons play speech, music, and videos Express Keyboard Pages o Recordings or text-to-speech is played when the bar is tapped Import your own images from your iPad or the web Customize look of the page Embed core into Visual Scene Displays Auditory Cues Access to GoTalk image library, and link to video and YouTube Ease of 10/10 Editing User friendly and intuitive. Learn on the go with smart help prompts.
Voice Acapela voices with TTS Volume Boost option
Backing Up Pages can be backed-up via Dropbox or iTunes
Limitations Requires more training than the original Go Talk Now Limited to a maximum of 25 locations Not a true VSD because you cannot add hotspots or buttons Price App Store: $109.99 + in-app purchases for additional voices ($1.39)
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GoTalk Now Tour
Figure 1.2 GoTalk Now Standard Page (Attainment Company, 2018)
Figure 1.3 GoTalk Now Scene Page Example (Attainment Company, 2018) 11 SET-BC
Figure 1.4 GoTalk Express Keyboard Page Example (Attainment Company, 2019)
12 SET-BC Pictello
Vendor AssistiveWare
Software iOS
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone
About Pictello is a just in time app that allows you to create your own digital books (AssistiveWare B.V., 2018).
Target Pictello can be used by people across the continuum of communicative competence—especially those User who benefit from phrase-based communication. It is a tool that easily combines visuals with your story. Pictello is an especially great tool for supporting the communicative context because personal narratives accompany photos. Think of Pictello more as a tool that emerging communicators can use to communicate once the story is created (e.g. telling a story during show and tell)
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Methods Indirect Selection: iOS switch control
Symbol Set Photos, Emoji
Features The following information is from AssistiveWare (2018): Wizard and Expert modes for editing with or without support Easily upload images from your iPad or images from the web Record voice or sound effects to accompany images Write text to accompany the images that Pictello will read aloud Flexibility to create personal stories about specific events or experiences Use it as a tool for creative writing Supports literacy development and narrative development Create an unlimited number of stories Available in 29 languages; 130 free voices for download Can be purchased as a bundle in conjunction with Proloquo2Go, Proloquo4Text, and Keedogo Plus Ease of 10/10 Editing Very simple to use and edit
Voice Acapela
Backing Up DropBox integration
Limitations No symbol support for symbol-based communicators
Price App Store: $27.99
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Pictello Tour
Figure 1.5 Example of Pictello page with text (AssistiveWare B.V., 2018)
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Vendor Red Jumper Limited
Software iOS and Chromebook
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, Chromebook
About Book Creator is an app that allows you to create your own digital books (Red Jumper Limited, 2018).
Target Book Creator can be used by people across the continuum of communicative competence and especially User those who use phrase-based communication. It is a tool that easily combines visuals with your story. Think of Book Creator more as a tool that students can use to communicate once the story is created.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: iOS switch control Methods
Symbol Set Photos, Emoji
Features The following information is from Red Jumper Limited (2018): Easily upload images from your iPad or images from the web Record voice or sound effects to accompany images Reads text aloud Write text to accompany images Flexibility to create personal stories about specific events or experiences Use it as a tool for creative writing Supports literacy development and narrative development Has a drawing function Real-time collaboration with other students when creating the books Ease of 9/10 Editing Very simple to use and edit
Voice Google voices, record your own voices and sounds
Backing Up Sync in the cloud
Limitations No standard symbol set support for symbol-based communicators
Price Subscription-based purchase plans
180 Books: $60 per teacher per year
1000 Books: $120 per teacher per year
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Book Creator Tour
Figure 1.6 Book Creator birthday party page with photo, drawing, and text (Red Jumper Limited, 2018)
16 SET-BC TapSpeak
Vendor Ted Conley
Software iOS
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Create books, sequences, or schedules with your own images (App Inc, 2019).
Target TapSpeak is intended for emerging or context-dependent communicators and those who use phrase- User based communication. It is a tool that easily combines visuals with your story. TapSpeak can also be used as a single-hit speech generating device (SGD) (i.e., similar to a BIGmack).
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: iOS switch control Methods
Symbol Set Photos, Emoji, PCS
Features The following is from the App Store (2019): Easily upload images from your iPad or images from the web Record voice or sound effects to accompany images Write text to accompany the images Flexibility to create personal stories about specific events or experiences Can be used as a single button SGD Up to 48 locations on each page Ease of 10/10 Editing Very simple to use and edit
Voice Record your own voices and sounds
Backing Up Save within app
Limitations No pre-made communication pages No developer website Price App Store: $39.99
PCS as in-app purchase of $27.99
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TapSpeak Tour
Figure 1.7 TapSpeak Birthday Part example with recorded speech (Ted Conley, 2019)
18 SET-BC CoughDrop
Vendor CoughDrop
Software Android, Windows, and iOS
Device iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, PC, Android devices, Windows devices
About CoughDrop is a high-tech AAC software that offers a variety of page set options (CoughDrop Inc., 2018). CoughDrop has page sets for emerging communicators (e.g., 4 locations) and core and fringe-based page sets for context-dependent and independent communicators. Although CoughDrop advertises itself as a “robust language system” I caution you to think of this as a whole-language software, as it lacks the extensive vocabulary and organization that students need to become linguistically competent and express their every thought.
Target Symbol-based communicators who are in a pinch and need something high-tech and cost effective to tie User them over until another AAC system is put in place. A secondary high-tech AAC system for at home.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, mouse emulation Access Methods Indirect Selection: iOS switch control
Symbol Set Open symbols, LessonPix symbols, PCS, Emoji icons (authored by Twitter), The Noun Project black outlines, ARASAAC free symbols, Tawasol symbol library
Grid Quick Core: 24, 60, 112 locations
Simple Starters:
PrAACtical Core 36 Words (49 locations) Project Core 36 Universal (36 locations) Core 28 with categories (28 locations) Simple yes/no (2 locations) Four grid starting (4 locations)
Functional Communication:
Hospital Communication (16 locations) CommuniKate Top Page: 20 locations Phrase-based: Adult Aphasia Board (12 locations)
Keyboard, Keyboard Plus (40 locations)
Features One license runs on multiple devices Available as a 2 month free trial Could be used as a more cost-effective alternative to GoTalk Now app
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Track usage and generate reports about what vocabulary is being used most and at what time of day Comes with free “Supporter Account” Receive summary emails weekly or monthly Set 4-digit pin to lock into “Speak Mode” Keyboard page set has word prediction Access to open source page sets in the “community” tab Fitzgerald key Ease of 8/10 Editing Easy to edit simple things such as button label, picture, colour, etc.
Voice Microsoft and Google voices
Backing Up Create an account that is store your page sets and you can access them from any device
Limitations The following information is from CoughDrop Inc. (2018): Non-standard symbol set Regular keyboard page is confusing (i.e., space bar and symbolic representation in text box as a book) and not functional for text-based communicators Quick Core is nothing more than core—there is no extensive access to fringe vocabulary Would be difficult to promote generative language development without doing extensive editing Page sets feel incomplete and non-functional CoughDrop’s singular advantage is using the “four grid starting” page set as a more cost-effective version of GoTalk Now Easier to edit from a desktop Price $6.00 per month or $200 lifetime purchase
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CoughDrop Page Set Tour
Figure 1.8 CoughDrop Four Grid starter (CoughDrop, 2018)
Figure 1.9 CoughDrop Quick Core 60 locations (CoughDrop, 2018)
21 SET-BC Section 2: Symbol-Based Whole Language Communication Software
TouchChat
Proloquo2Go
Snap + Core First
Super Core
Super Core Learning
Beeline
Vocabulary for Life
Symbol Talker A-D
Word Power (Grid 3, Communicator 5, and Unity)
PODD (Grid 3)
Unity
LAMP Words for Life
CoreScanner
22 SET-BC TouchChat
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS and iOS
Devices iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone, and NOVA Chat (Windows OS dedicated device)
About TouchChat is a whole language system available in a variety of page sets created for different users—some are phrase-based while others are core-and-fringe-based. Phrase-based communication page sets are typically for those with cognitive and developmental delay who are not building on their generative language ability at this time. TouchChat’s Core-and-fringe- based page sets are called WordPower page sets—WordPower is a way of organizing core and fringe vocabulary categorically. TouchChat is used by people across the ability spectrum—page sets are typically used by people with cognitive and developmental delay, people with apraxia of speech or dysarthria, and people with other conditions who are building their generative language ability (PRC-Saltillo Corporation, 2018). We will discuss the text-based communication options in TouchChat on page 69.
Target TouchChat software supports emerging to independent communicators. TouchChat for iPad is User targeted towards users with typical motor ability or minimal fine motor impairment who can use touch access. Individuals with physical access issues can use switch scanning on the NOVA Chat, but switch access with iOS is not recommended as a long-term solution. TouchChat is designed for individuals with Down Syndrome, apraxia of speech, Autism Spectrum disorder, developmental delay, Aphasia, and intellectual disability.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning (recommended for NOVA Chat only) Methods
Symbol Set SymbolStix
Grid 4-100
Features The following information is from TouchChat (PRC-Saltillo Corporation, 2019): Visual Scene Displays Pages ordered categorically Extensive pre-programmed vocabulary Early Books pages Flexibility to design highly customized pages Able to copy and paste text into TouchChat so that it can be read aloud Available in English, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Hebrew
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The NOVA chat is a dedicated device that has greater amplification ability than the iPad You can purchase third-party key guards for the iPad to assist in increasing accuracy for touch access Text box can have symbols accompany the text Link text from TouchChat into Pictello Use with Amazon Alexa to text, email, open facebook, play music and some environmental controls Use with iMessage Ease of 6.5/10 Editing TouchChat has a steep learning curve. It is somewhat easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device; however, you cannot navigate between pages in “Edit Mode” which makes editing somewhat tedious. Editing is easier and faster using the free desktop editing software Chat Editor, which is only available on Windows OS.
Voice Acapela Voices
Backing Up iShare, Meraki, Chat Editor, and share page sets via iOS AirDrop to save on a different device
Limitations iPad cannot be used by people with physical access difficulties who require alternative direct access methods (e.g., eye gaze) Not suitable for people who rely on their motor plan to locate words iPad is not a dedicated device for communication and has amplification limitations Can’t export text as a pdf that keeps the picture symbols Price App Store: $399.99 for full version (TouchChat HD- AAC w/ WordPower)
Additional voices in-app purchase ($16.99) iShare individual 6-month 2Gb Subscription ($84.99)
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Page Set Tour Suitable for those with limited motor ability that can target a maximum of 16 locations All of the following information is taken and communicate with phrase-based from the TouchChat website (PRC-Saltillo vocabulary. Corporation, 2019; SymbolStix LLC, 2018):
MultiChat 15
4 Basic 15 locations. Communicate with sentences, phrases, This simple display with 4 locations on each single words, audio recordings, and visual page is suitable for those with limited scene displays. motor ability that communicate with Choice between adult, adolescent, and phrase-based vocabulary. student vocabulary sets. Suitable for those with emerging language skills.
My QuickChat VocabPC 4, 8, and 12 locations. Choice between adult and child vocabulary 12 locations. sets. 25 SET-BC
Phrase-based communication and carrier WordPower20 Simply phrases. Developed by Gail Van Tatenhove. Hybrid (phrase-based and word-based). For adults and adolescents with Suitable for those with impaired motor developmental disabilities. ability because of large button size. Suitable for those with emerging language Suitable for those with physical access skills. issues because of scanning capability on NOVA Chat. Suitable for people with cognitive and severe language delay.
WordPower
A robust whole language system created by WordPower25 Touch & Scan Nancy Inman (Inman Innovations, Inc.). Core and fringe vocabulary organized Carrier phrases and core words. categorically and in fitzgerald key. Suitable for those with physical access Suitable for those developing language issues because of scanning capability on Supports literacy development NOVA Chat. Page Set family that is an in-app purchase Sophisticated and efficient language system with a minimum number of buttons on the WordPower Page Set Family Tour display.
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WordPower 42
Word-based system. Core and fringe vocabulary. Suitable for those developing generative language ability.
WordPower 60 and 60 Basic
Word-based system with core and fringe vocabulary. Greater number of high frequency words on home page because of greater number of buttons. WordPower42 Basic Grammar function gives morphological endings. Simplified version of WP 42 designed for 60 Basic is a simplified version of WP60 beginner users (more symbols). (more symbols) for beginner users.
WordPower48 WordPower 80
Modified version of WP42 with an extra Consists of high frequency core words, column on every page for designated spelling, and word prediction. buttons for clear, smart period, delete Category-based organization of pages word, and plural –s. Works with key guard.
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WordPower 108 and 108 with Keyboard
Consists of large number of high frequency core on first page which decreases navigation time Word completion and logical next words Grammar function with morphological endings WP 108 with keyboard minimizes the need for navigation because user can spell words
28 SET-BC Proloquo2Go
Vendor AssistiveWare
Software iOS
Devices iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone, and Apple Watch
About Proloquo2Go is a robust language system available in two different language systems: Crescendo and Gateway to Language & learning (AssistiveWare, 2018). Crescendo vocabulary comes in three vocabulary levels comprised of core and fringe vocabulary (i.e., basic, intermediate, and advanced) (AssistiveWare, 2018). Gateway to Language & Learning is a core word language system designed by Joan Bruno and is an in-app purchase (AssistiveWare, 2018).
Target Suitable for communicators across the continuum of communicative independence (emerging User to independent) who are developing generative language ability. Most suitable for those who use touch access. Suitable for context-dependent or independent communicators who need full access to word morphology.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: iOS switch control Methods
Symbol Set SymbolStix
Grid Grid sizes range from 15 to 144 depending on vocabulary level
Beginner Level vocabulary is available in 15-45 locations Intermediate and Advanced Level vocabulary are available in 15-144 locations
Features The following is from AssistiveWare (2018): Offered in beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels Gradually reveal core vocabulary with “Progress language” feature Available in English, Spanish, French, and Dutch. Can be purchased as a bundle in conjunction with Pictello, Proloquo4Text, and Keedogo Plus Grid options with extensive locations Extensive word morphology support Ease of 8/10 Editing Very easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device
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Voice Acapela Voices
Backing Up DropBox integration
Limitations No visual scene displays No environmental controls Available only on the iPad, so it is not accessible to people with significant physical access barriers (i.e., those who use eye gaze or mouse emulation, and switch scanning with iOS switch control is not seamless) Amplification options are limited because it is not available on a dedicated device Price App Store: $349.99 comes with CrescendoTM
In-app purchase for Gateway to language & learning©
Proloquo2Go Grid Tour
Figure X. Proloqu2Go Beginner with 15 locations (3x5) (AssistiveWare, 2018)
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Figure X. Proloqu2Go Beginner with 45 locations (5x9) (AssistiveWare, 2018)
Figure X. Proloqu2Go Intermediate with 144 locations (9x16) (AssistiveWare, 2018) 31 SET-BC
Figure X. Proloqu2Go Advanced with 60 locations (6x10) (AssistiveWare, 2018)
32 SET-BC Snap + Core First
Vendor Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS and iOS
Devices iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
Windows: Surface Pro, I-Series
About Snap + Core First is a whole language system developed for teaching core vocabulary. Vocabulary in Snap + Core First is organized in the following broad categories: Core, Quickfires, Topics, Personal, and Word Lists. Snap + Core First’s user experience is similar to that of Compass, another app created by Tobii Dynavox that is no longer in development.
Target Emerging communicators are well-suited for this communication software—specifically those with User physical access issues who are using eye gaze. The flexibility to adapt grid sizes allows emerging communicators’ to start with just one large button while learning to use eye gaze. Snap + Core First may also be suitable for students using touch access who require a small number of locations per page because of impaired motor ability, but require an core-and-fringe-based system for developing generative language ability. Although Snap + Core First is considered a dynamic display, it is less dynamic than TouchChat—this can be of benefit when communication partners are using aided language stimulation to model core vocabulary—the page does not change when you press a button in the same way that it does in WordPower.
Compatible iOS: touch access and switch scanning with the Pretorian APPlicator switch interface. Access Methods Windows: touch access, eye gaze, mouse emulation (e.g. joystick), and Tobii Dynavox’s EyeMobile Plus switch interface.
Symbol Set Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) with classic and thin-line options
Grid Grid sizes range from 1 to 80
Features The following information is from Tobii Dynavox (2019): “Supported Navigation” for grid sizes 16 and smaller when students need navigational support (there is no message bar or toolbar when supported navigation is enabled) “Location-based growth” supports the motor plan as core words stay together as you increase the grid size Trains navigation with the search function Colour adaptations for students with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) Social language in “Quickfires” and “Topics” sections Buttons in Snap + Core First can launch Communicator 5, Grid 3, and Boardmaker Student Centre Comes with pre-made visual supports and behavioural supports (e.g., visual timer, first then, scripts) that can be customized Data Tracking
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Environmental controls Safeguarding PCS Symbol Set Fully compatible in Canadian French (including syntax, verb morphology, and gender-toggle button for masculine/feminine word forms) Bilingual capability that let’s students code switch mid phrase between English and French (maintains consistent position of words to preserve motor planning) AccessIT compatibility (e.g. with YouTube, Facebook, WhatsApp, Gmail, etc.) Ease of 9/10 Editing Very easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device. Greatest difficulty with editing is moving and arranging buttons with drag and drop.
Voice Acapela Voices
Backing Up Back up easily to the cloud with your myTobiiDynavox account or back up to USB
Limitations No visual scene display capability QWERTY, ABC, and AZERTY keyboards limited to 8x10 grid only Cannot change the size of the speech box Cannot change individual button size on a page Limited grammatical and syntactical support without Word Power dynamic display Communication partner can’t swipe to other words when using a 1x1 grid when access method is set to eye gaze or switch scanning Can’t edit the scanning pattern Not for students using automatic linear auditory switch scanning Can’t open the app without wifi Doesn’t work with the following iPad switch interfaces: Tecla-e and Hook+ Can’t link to music and videos No letter sound keyboard No pre-made early books page sets Certain settings reset every time you shut down the app (e.g. if you turn Symbol Safe search on, it resets when the app is restarted and you must manually turn it on again) No word prediction for smaller grid sizes Price App Store: $69.99
Microsoft Store: $63.99
**Note: Can download free version that doesn’t speak from both App Store and Microsoft store
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Grid Size Tour
Figure X. Snap + Core First’s most simple page sets (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
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Figure X. 5x5 Snap + Core First Grid (Tobii Dynavox, 2018)
Figure X. Largest page set option on Snap + Core First (80 locations) (Tobii Dynavox, 2018
36 SET-BC Super Core
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
iOS (for Grid for iPad)
Devices Windows OS: Surface Pro, I-Series
iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Super Core is a grid set for Grid 3 that uses core and fringe vocabulary designed by Daisy Clay (Smartbox, 2018).
Target Suitable for context dependent communicators who are developing generative language User ability. Must be able to handle 54 locations on a grid and have good vision to manage the highly dynamic display.
Windows OS version is intended for students who use eye gaze and has a grid set designed with a rest cell for eye gaze users. Windows OS version may also be an option for touch access students who require a bigger display than an iPad/iPad Pro.
I would not recommend Super Core to emerging communicators because you cannot easily hide buttons without disrupting the functionality of the highly dynamic display. Furthermore, it might be challenging to provide aided language stimulation for emerging communicators on such a highly dynamic display.
Compatible iOS direct selection: touch access Access iOS indirect selection: iOS switch control (?) Methods Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation
Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface
Symbol Set SymbolStix and Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS)
Grid 54 locations
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2018): “Useful next words” feature changes the top left row with word prediction suggestions “Dynamic Columns” feature allows user to look for fringe words without having to navigate away from the home grid “Magic wand” fixes verb tense and plurals 37 SET-BC
Story book grids Default phonics keyboard Fitzgerald key Message banking Additional versions include: o Super Core (with rest cell) o Super Core Low Tech Widigt o Super Core Low Tech o Super Core Widgit (with rest cell) o Super Core Widgit Ease of 8/10 Editing Easy to change label and symbol on buttons. Takes more skill to create additional pages for other games and activities.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations Cannot be used for people who rely on auditory linear scanning. Vocabulary geared towards American culture Grid for iPad does not have visual scene display capability. Potentially difficult to provide aided language stimulation and modelling to students with emerging symbolic representation because of highly dynamic display. Price App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
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Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Super Core grid with 54 locations (Smartbox, 2018)
39 SET-BC Super Core Learning
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
iOS (for Grid for iPad)
Devices Windows Devices: Surface Pro, I-Series
Apple Devices: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Super Core Learning is an activity-specific grid set for Grid 3 that uses core and fringe vocabulary (Smartbox, 2018). It is not a stand-alone language system, but a companion to Super Core for those learning to use Super Core and benefit from the smaller grid size (Smartbox, 2018).
Target Suitable for emerging who are new to AAC and developing generative language ability. User Windows OS version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Compatible iOS direct selection: touch access Access iOS indirect selection: iOS switch control (?) Methods Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation
Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface
Symbol Set SymbolStix
Grid 12 and 20 locations
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2018): Use language in familiar routines and games Activity specific grids for daily routines o Eat and drink o Washing o Bathroom o Dressing o Sleeping o Going places o Shopping o cooking Activity specific grids for play o Ball
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o Music o Bubbles o Craft o Reading o Playdoh, etc. Fitzgerald key Remote editing capability Ease of 8/10 Editing Easy to change label and symbol on buttons. Takes more skill to create additional pages for other games and activities.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations Limited number of pre-made grids No visual scene displays Price App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
Windows devices: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Super Core Learning Grid set Cooking 12 (Smartbox, 2018)
Figure X. Super Core Learning Grid set Bathroom 20 (Smartbox, 2018)
41 SET-BC Beeline
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
iOS (for Grid for iPad)
Devices Windows OS: Surface Pro, I-Series
iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Beeline is a core and fringe-based grid set for Grid 3 and Grid for iPad designed to capitalize on the theory of motor planning and reduce the amount of navigation between pages (Smartbox, 2018). Beeline is available in two versions: Beeline (Grid 3) and Beeline Touch (Grid for iPad). Windows OS version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Target Suitable for emerging and context dependent communicators who are developing generative User language ability. Suitable for those who benefit from a limited number of pages and most of the core accessible on the home page so that they can generate phrases with a reduced number of navigational selections between pages. For users who can manage a large number of locations and small button size.
Compatible iOS direct selection: touch access Access iOS indirect selection: iOS switch control (?) Methods Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation
Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface
Symbol Set Beeline uses Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS) and Beeline Touch uses SymbolStix
Grid 99 locations
Features The following is from Smartbox (2018): Words grouped according to word meaning Verb morphology Word prediction and word completion Email Web browsing Music and video player Fitzgerald key
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Ease of 8/10 Editing Easy to change label and symbol on buttons. Takes more skill to create additional pages for other games and activities.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Sync with Smartbox account in the cloud, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations No visual scenes Cannot change the number of locations Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Beeline grid set with the standard 99 locations (Smartbox, 2018)
43 SET-BC Vocabulary for Life
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
iOS (for Grid for iPad)
Devices Windows OS: Surface Pro, I-Series
iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Vocabulary for Life is available in two versions: Vocabulary for Life (for Grid 3) and Vocabulary for Life Touch (for Grid for iPad) (Smartbox, 2018).
Target Suitable for context-dependent or independent teens and young adults who have prior User experience with AAC. Windows OS version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Compatible iOS direct selection: touch access Access iOS indirect selection: iOS switch control (?) Methods Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation
Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface
Symbol Set Vocabulary for Life uses Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS) and Vocabulary for Life Touch uses SymbolStix
Grid 42 locations
Features The following is from Smartbox (2018): Includes functional language for everyday life, phrases for social situations and work. Includes explicit language. Ease of 8/10 Editing Very easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device. Greatest difficulty with editing is moving and arranging buttons with drag and drop.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations No visual scenes
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Limited grammatical and syntactical support without word power dynamic display Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Vocabulary for Life grid set with standard 42 locations (Smartbox, 2018)
45 SET-BC Symbol Talker A-D
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
Devices Surface Pro and I-Series
About Symbol Talker A-D is a 4-step series of grid sets for Grid 3 that develops the user’s symbolic communication from phrase-based to core-and-fringe-vocabulary-based (Smartbox, 2018). Grid sets are topic based.
Target Symbol Talker A is designed for emerging communicators who are new to AAC. Symbol Talker B User builds on the skills users develop using Symbol Talker A but expands generative ability. Symbol Talker C is a transition to core and fringe vocabulary. Symbol Talker D is for context-dependent and independent communicators who are creating novel sentences. Windows OS version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Compatible iOS direct selection: touch access Access iOS indirect selection: iOS switch control (?) Methods Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation
Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface
Symbol Set SymbolStix
Grid A=24 locations, B=35 locations, C=48 locations, D=63 locations
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2018): Symbol Talker A: o Words are organized by topic o Build sentences from 1-2 selections Symbol Talker B: o Words are organized by topic o Builds on skills developed during Symbol Talker A, but allows you to create sentences with up to 3 selections Symbol Talker C: o Words are organized by topic o Access to core vocabulary giving users more generative language ability Symbol Talker D: o Core vocabulary is located on home page and along the top of fringe pages. o Fringe vocabulary is located in topic pages.
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All grid sets include a keyboard with word prediction and quick chat social pages. Ease of 8/10 Editing Very easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device. Greatest difficulty with editing is moving and arranging buttons with drag and drop.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations No visual scenes Not available on Grid for iPad Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Symbol Talker A (Smartbox, 2018)
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Figure X. Symbol Talker B (Smartbox, 2018)
Figure X. Symbol Talker C (Smartbox, 2018)
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Figure X. Symbol Talker D (Smartbox, 2018)
49 SET-BC Word Power (Grid 3, Unity, & Communicator 5)
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox and PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3, Unity, and Communicator 5)
Devices Surface Pro, I-Series, Accent
About Word Power is a robust whole language system created by Nancy Inman (Inman Innovations, Inc.) and is available on Grid 3, Unity, Communicator 5, and TouchChat (Smartbox, 2018l; PRC- Saltillo, 2019); Tobii Dynavox, 2018). You can find information about TouchChat with Word Power on page X.
Target Suitable for communicators across the continuum of communicative independence (emerging User to independent) who are developing generative language ability. Windows OS version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Compatible Windows OS direct selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Windows OS indirect selection: switch control with compatible switch interface Methods
Symbol Set Grid 3: WLS
Unity: Minsymbols, PCS
Communicator 5: PCS
Grid Grid 3: 60 and 100 locations
Unity: 28, 36, 45, 60, 84, and 84 with keyboard
Communicator 5:
Features The following information is from Smartbox, Tobii Dynavox, and PRC-Saltillo (2019): High frequency core vocabulary on toolbar across the top of the page Words organized categorically Word prediction Compatible with email, web browsing, and SMS accessible apps Fitzgerald Key Supports literacy development
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Low-Tech versions designed for printing out (Word Power 60 Low-Tech and Word Power 100 Low-Tech) on Grid 3 Ease of 6.5/10 Editing Steep learning curve to learn how to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations No visual scenes Limited to 60 and 100 locations Not available on Grid for iPad Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00) or Communicator 5 ($844.00)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Grid 3 Word Power 60 (Smartbox, 2018)
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Figure X. Grid 3 Word Power 100 with Widgit Literacy Symbols (Smartbox, 2018)
Figure X. Unity Word Power 45 locations with Minsymbols (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
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Figure X. Unity Picture Word Power with keyboard (84 locations) with Minsymbols (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
53 SET-BC PODD (Grid 3)
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS
Devices Surface Pro, I-Series
About Pragmatic Organization Dynamic Display (PODD) is a digital version of the PODD paper books created by Gayle Porter (Smartbox, 2018). PODD systems are unique in that communicators begin their communicative exchange by stating their communicative intent (e.g. “I have a question,” or “I have something to say”). PODD promotes face-to-face interaction and aims to decrease the barrier that technology often creates between two people who are communicating.
Target Individuals who benefit from pragmatic organization of vocabulary (i.e., as opposed to User categorically organized vocabulary). Emerging communicators who value face-to-face interaction with a supportive communication partner. Eye gaze users who are feature matched for a PODD system.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: switch control with compatible switch interface Methods
Symbol Set PCS or WLS
Grid 15 and 60 locations
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2018): PODD 15 School o Similar vocabulary selection to the 12 expanded functions PODD communication book o Word prediction to make 3-4 word phrases PODD 15+ School o Includes vocabulary in the 20 expanded functions PODD communication book o Extra word prediction features for more complete grammar. PODD 60 Complex Syntax o Designed for people who are able to make complex sentences with correct morphology PODD 60 Expanded Keyword o Includes sentence starters, core, word prediction, main navigation index, and verb morphology buttons
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Ease of 8/10 Editing Very easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device. Greatest difficulty with editing is moving and arranging buttons with drag and drop.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations No visual scenes Not available on Grid for iPad Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Grid Set Tour
Figure X. PODD 15 Student and 15+ Student (Smartbox, 2018)
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Figure X. PODD 60 Complex Syntax and PODD 60 Expanded Keyword (Smartbox, 2018)
56 SET-BC Unity
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
Devices Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
About Unity, formerly knowsn as Minspeak, is a whole-language system designed by PRC-Saltillo (2019). Unity is highly unique in that it is the only language system to use semantic compaction (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). Unity page sets come in 1-Hit or Sequenced options. Unity 1-Hit is for single-word communication and Unity Sequenced is for multi-word selection to make a phrase or sentence (PRC-Saltillo, 2019).
Target Suitable for emergent, context-dependent, and independent communicators who are User developing generative language ability. Suitable for those with physical access barriers (i.e., compatible with eye gaze, switch scanning, auditory cues, etc.). Highly recommended for students using auditory linear scanning because the scanning pattern can be edited—this a unique feature that is not possible on the majority of communication software.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze (with NuEye software), mouse emulation, head pointing (with Access NuPoint software) Methods Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning, auditory prompts with two voices
**Note: Keyguards and TouchGuides available
Symbol Set Minsymbols
Grid 15 Phrases
15 1-Hit
4 1-Hit
8 1-Hit
Unity 28 1-Hit, Help Me Grow, Sequenced
Unity 36 1-Hit, Sequenced
Unity 45 1-Hit, Sequenced
Unity 60 1-Hit, Sequenced
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Unity 84 1-Hit, Scan, Sequenced
Unity 144 1-Hit, Sequenced
Features The following is from PRC-Saltillo (2019): With semantic compaction, vocabulary is uniquely organized with semantically related words Symbols have multiple meanings and words are made by combining specific symbols. Semantic compaction supports theories of motor planning Minsymbols are considered to be more concrete to learn than other highly abstract symbols Visual Scene Display page sets Environmental controls available on all Accent models PASS editing software (free to download) Fitzgerald Key 1 year free access to AAC Language Lab with purchase of PRC-Saltillo AAC System Ease of 4.5/10 Editing Unity has a very steep learning curve because it looks unlike any other AAC system and has some interesting quirks and labelling conventions.
Voice Acapela and Dectalk
Backing Up USB
Limitations Difficult to learn the Minspeak/Unity language system without explicit instruction. Some SLPs across the province have lobbied within their school districts to have Minspeak recognized as a second language and have high school courses dedicated to learning the Minspeak language. Can’t run Clicker 7 on Accent Price Windows OS: Unity comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000
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Unity Page Set Tour
Figure X. Unity 4 1-Hit (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Figure X. Unity 28 Help Me Grow (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
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Figure X. Unity 60 Sequenced (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Figure X. Unity 144 Sequenced (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
60 SET-BC LAMP Words for Life
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
iOS (LAMP app)
Devices Windows device: Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
iOS device: iPad, iPad mini
About Language Acquisition through Motor Planning (LAMP) teaches vocabulary with consistent organization (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). LAMP Words for Life is available in three versions: 1-hit, transition, and full vocabulary (PRC-Saltillo, 2019).
Target LAMP Words for Life (WFL) is designed for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Windows OS User version is intended for students with significant physical access barriers.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods **Note: iPad is limited to touch or iOSswitch control
Symbol Set Minsymbols
Grid 84 locations
Features The following information is from the PRC-Saltillo (2019): Teaches language through motor planning Minsymbols are less abstract than other symbol sets and can be individually taught in relation to the student’s real life experiences (e.g., “need” is a picture of a hand grabbing an umbrella because you need an umbrella when it rains outside) 1-hit allows students to develop a single word vocabulary Transition allows students to create to 2 and 3 word phrases The full vocabulary version is for students who are making long generative sentences (access to over 3000 words). Grammar function for progressive –ing and plural –s Available in English and Spanish Access to extensive supports online through PRC’s Language Lab and free PASS software for editing Can transfer vocabulary sets to PRC devices Vocabulary Builder feature lets you hide words while students are learning others Word Finder teaches you where specific buttons are stored 61 SET-BC
Syncs with Realize LanguageTM for data tracking Ease of 4.5/10 Editing LAMP Words for Life on the accent has a very steep learning curve because it looks unlike any other AAC system and has some interesting quirks and labelling conventions.
6.5/10
LAMP Words for Life iOS is the same as editing TouchChat on the iPad.
Voice Ivona Voices
Backing Up iSharePRC allows you to back up LAMP Words for Life on iOS devices and USB for Windows OS devices
Limitations No visual scenes Price Windows OS: LAMP Words for Life comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000 App Store: $399.99 Alternative voices can be purchased as in-app purchases ($16.99)
LAMP Words for Life Tour
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Figure X. LAMP Words for Life 1-Hit for iPad (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Figure X. LAMP Words for Life 84 locations Transition level (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
63 SET-BC CoreScanner
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
Devices Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
About CoreScanner is a unique program designed for students who use switch scanning (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). CoreScanner is available in several options: Core Scanner Blast Auto, CoreScanner Starter Auto, CoreScanner Blast Step, and CoreScanner Starter Step (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). “Blast” options have the higher level page sets that have 84 locations and “Starter” options come in a variety of levels so students can transition from 1 to 84 locations (PRC-Saltillo, 2019).
Target Suitable for emerging communicators who are learning to use scanning as their primary access User method.
Compatible Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch auto scanning, 1 and 2 switch step scanning, auditory Access scanning Methods
Symbol Set Minsymbols
Grid Just More 1 core word (1 location on 8 location grid)
CORNERSTONES 8 core words (8 locations)
PRE-PATHWAY 23 core words (only 23 locations visible on 84 location grid)
PATHWAY 25 core words (only 25 locations visible on 84 location grid)
PRE-JAM 108 core words
JAM 190 core words (84 locations)
BLAST Top level – thousands of words (84 locations)
Features The following information is from PRC-Saltillo (2019): Manually adjust scan settings (example of 2 switch scanning options): o 2 switch step can, row/column o 2 switch step scan, column/row o 2 switch step scan, quarter row/column o 2 switch step scan, quarter column/row o 2 switch step scan, linear o 2 switch hold scan, row/column
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o 2 switch hold scan, column/row o 2 switch hold scan, quarter row/column o 2 switch hold scan, quarter column/row o 2 switch hold scan, linear o 2 switch auto scan, directed o 2 switch hold scan, directed Vocabulary is organized to optimize scanning method Minsymbols are considered to be more concrete to learn than other highly abstract symbols Dedicated device with good amplification capabilities Fitzgerald Key Environmental controls available on all Accent models NuVoice editing software (free to download) Ease of 4.5/10 Editing Unity has a very steep learning curve because it looks unlike any other AAC system and has some interesting quirks and labelling conventions.
Voice Acapela and Dectalk voices
Backing Up USB
Limitations No visual scenes Limited grammatical and syntactical support without word power dynamic display Price Windows OS: LAMP Words for Life comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000
CoreScanner Page Set Tour
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Firgure X. CoreScanner Just More 1 core word (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Firgure X. CoreScanner CORNERSTONES 8 core words (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Firgure X. CoreScanner PRE-JAM 108 core words (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
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Firgure X. CoreScanner BLAST Top Level (84 locations) (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
67 SET-BC Section 3: Text-Based Communication Software
Unity Word Power
Unity WordCore
TouchChat
Predictable
Proloquo4Text
Assistive Express
Text Talker
Fast Talker 3
Essence
68 SET-BC Unity Word Power
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
Devices Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
About Word Power is a robust whole language system created by Inman Innovations, Inc. and is available on Grid 3, Unity, Communicator 5, and TouchChat (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). Here we will discuss Unity Word Power as a core word option for literate users. You can find information about symbol-based Word Power on Page X.
Target Suitable for literate users. Intended for students with significant physical access barriers. For User students who were previously using picture Word Power but are transitioning to a text-based page set as they develop literacy—this supports a smooth transition because it preserves the motor plan and vocabulary is organized categorically in a way that they are familiar with.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Symbol Set Minsymbols, PCS
Grid 45, 60, 84, 144
Features The following information from PRC-Saltillo (2019): For use with eye gaze, switch control, or touch Toolbar across the top of the page houses major category buttons Visual Scene Displays Button that links to the desktop with docked page for desktop access Fitzgerald Key Supports literacy development Ease of 4/10 Editing Steep learning curve to learn how to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device.
Voice Acapela and Dectalk
Backing Up USB
Limitations Difficult to learn to use Accent device and NuVoice software
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Learning to edit can be a major challenge as labels are not always intuitive (e.g., change page sets by changing or replacing “User Area” in the “User Area Menu”) Price Windows OS: LAMP Words for Life comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000
Unity Word Power Tour
Figure X. Word Power 45 (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
Figure X. Word Power 84 (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
70 SET-BC Unity WordCore
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
Devices Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
About WordCore is a robust whole language system for literate students (PRC-Saltillo, 2019). WordCore is available in four options: WordCore 45, WordCore84, WordCore 84 Scan, and WordCore 144.
Target Intended for literate students with strong linguistic skills and significant physical access User barriers.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Symbol Set Minsymbols
Grid 45, 84, 144
Features The following is from PRC-Saltillo (2019): For use with eye gaze, switch control, or touch Launch pages/programs from the tool bar (e.g., Wordpad, email, solitaire, Video player) Easy access to core words on main page Access stored phrases in “sentences” page Access yes/no on “Quick Hits” page Pre-programed social phrases and openers (e.g., What’s new?) Settings page is designed in an accessible way, giving users more autonomy to edit their own pages and vocabulary as they become more independent Fitzgerald key Keyboard on main page of page set with 144 locations for quick access to fringe vocabulary not readily available on first page Word prediction with keyboard Docked bar along bottom of page when you launch other programs (e.g., Internet Explorer) Scroll function button during desktop control and web browsing Ease of 4/10 Editing Steep learning curve to learn how to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device.
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Voice Acapela and Dectalk
Backing Up USB
Limitations Difficult to learn to use Accent device and NuVoice software
Price Windows OS: LAMP Words for Life comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000
Page Set Tour
Figure X. Unity WordCore 45 locations (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
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Figure X. Unity WordCore 144 locations (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
73 SET-BC TouchChat
Vendor Saltillo/Silver Kite
Software Windows OS and iOS
Devices iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone, and NOVA Chat (dedicated device)
About TouchChat is a whole language system available in a variety of page sets created for different users (Saltillo Corporation, 2018). Here we will discuss the options for literate users: Spelling and MyCore page sets. We discuss the symbol-based communication options in TouchChat on page XX.
Target TouchChat Spelling page sets and MyCore page sets are intended for literate users. User
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning (recommended for NOVA Chat only) Methods
Symbol Set SymbolStix
Grid 100+ locations
Features The following is from PRC-Saltillo (2019): Flexibility to design highly customized pages Able to copy and paste text into TouchChat so that it can be read aloud Available in English, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Hebrew The NOVA chat is a dedicated device that has greater amplification ability than the iPad You can purchase third-party key guards for the iPad to assist in increasing accuracy for touch access Spelling
Word prediction QWERTY keyboard Store phrases Export to iMessage/texting Customize colour, layout, etc. MyCore
100+ locations Core and Phrase-based communication Fitzgerald key
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Ease of 6.5/10 Editing TouchChat has a steep learning curve. It is somewhat easy to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device; however, you cannot navigate between pages in “Edit Mode” which makes editing somewhat tedious. Editing is easier and faster using the free desktop editing software Chat Editor, that is only available for Windows PCs.
Voice Acapela Voices
Backing Up iShare
Limitations Cannot be used by people with physical access difficulties who require alternative direct access methods (e.g., eye gaze) Not suitable for people who rely on the motor plan to efficiently locate words iPad is not a dedicated device for communication and has amplification limitations Price App Store: $399.99 for full version (TouchChat HD- AAC w/ WordPower)
Additional voices in-app purchase ($16.99) iShare individual 6-month 2Gb Subscription ($84.99)
TouchChat Page Set Tour
Figure X. TouchChat Spelling (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
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Figure X. TouchChat MyCore (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
76 SET-BC Predictable
Vendor Therapy Box Limited
Software iOS, Android, Windows OS
Devices iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone
Android: Android devices
Windows OS: Surface Pro and other Windows PCs
About Predictable is a text-to-speech app for literate users who can communicate novel messages by spelling, using word prediction, and accessing saved phrases (Therapy Box Ltd., 2019).
Target Predictable is for literate communicators who don’t want core words on their home screen. For User students who are self-conscious about their app looking mature. For students with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) who require a high contrast theme. Various keyboard options allow customization for those with physical access barriers who need larger buttons (i.e., 10 key keyboard) and those using switch scanning (i.e., high frequency keyboard).
Compatible Direct Selection: touch and mouse emulation for iPad (e.g. AMA neo BTI mouse interface), Access compatible with eye gaze for Windows OS using Windows Control. Methods Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning (iOS switch scanning)
Features The following information from Therapy Box Ltd. (2019): Customize look by changing the colour High contrast theme for people with CVI Minimal visual noise Word prediction in strip, bubble, or both 1 or 2 word prediction Personalized phrase-based social language Export text to other apps, texting, and social media platforms Mature look and graphics Variety of keyboard options (QWERTY, ABCD, high frequency, 10 key, and Apple keyboard) Floor hold feature allows you to make comments while typing your message Auditory support Adjust rate and pitch of voice Save special pronunciations Custom abbreviations Messages banking
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Ease of 10/10 Editing Very easy to edit look and change word prediction settings
Voice Acapela Voices (not for iOS), IVONA Voices, Model Talker Voices
Backing Up Predictable account syncs in the cloud
Limitations Cannot edit rate and pitch of IVONA voices (children’s voices) Limited options for children’s voices Cannot hide the sound effects button No core words on home page for easy access Price $219.99 on the App Store
Predictable Tour
Figure X. Predictable QWERTY keyboard with all word prediction options active (single word strip and two word bubble prediction) (Therapy Box Ltd., 2019)
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Figure X. Predictable phrase-based chat page (Therapy Box Ltd., 2019)
Figure X. Predictable high frequency keyboard with single word strip word prediction (Therapy Box Ltd., 2019)
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Figure X. Predictable 10 key keyboard with single word strip word prediction (Therapy Box Ltd., 2019)
80 SET-BC Proloquo4Text
Vendor AssistiveWare
Software iOS app
Devices iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone
About Proloquo4Text is a text-to-speech app that features a unique design with simple access to phrase-based vocabulary on the home page (AssistiveWare, 2019).
Target Literate users who can manage a busy screen or need phrases on the main page for easier User access. Buttons are quite small and require good fine motor ability for touch selection.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: iOS switch scanning Methods
Features The following information is from AssistiveWare (2019): Phrases and Quick Talk phrase-based language access on home page PolyPredixTM self-learning 1 and 2 word prediction Full screen option for sharing your message Have multiple conversations at once without losing text Customize the look, colour, font, font size, highlight colour etc. Easily minimize tabs to simplify screen display Wide selection of children’s voices Available in English, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Bokmal, Spanish, Swedish Message banking with “my-own-voice technology” Abbreviation expansions Keeble keyboard (in-app purchase) allows for high-contrast colour customizations for people with CVI and motor impairments Ease of 10/10 Editing Very simple to edit and customize
Voice Acapela Voices (with genuine children’s voices)
Backing Up DropBox integration
Limitations Visually busy Uses stock keyboard from Apple Not for people with significant physical access barriers (e.g., eye gaze users)
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Price App Store: $159.99
Proloquo4Text Tour:
Figure X. Proloquo4Text Home page (AssistiveWare, 2018)
82 SET-BC Assistive Express
Vendor Assistive Apps
Software iOS
Devices iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro, iPhone
About Simple text-to-speech app with word prediction (Assistive Apps, 2018)
Target Literate users who benefit from a simple screen with big word prediction buttons User
Compatible Direct Selection: touch Access Indirect Selection: switch scanning Methods
Features The following is from Assistive Apps (2018): Affordable Landscape and portrait mode Word prediction Save favourite phrases Font can be adjusted Available in Spanish, German, Italian, Dutch, and English Share to Social Media apps Very simple screen with little visual noise Ease of 10/10 Editing Very simple to make adjustments. There is not a lot that you can edit or change.
Voice Acapela
Backing Up
Limitations Not for people with significant physical access barriers (e.g., eye gaze users) Price App Store: $34.99
Additional voices in-app purchase ($2.79)
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Assistive Express Tour
Figure X. Assistive Express text-to-speech communication software (Assistive Apps, 2019)
84 SET-BC Text Talker
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows OS (for Grid 3)
iOS (for Grid for iPad)
Devices Windows OS: Surface Pro, I-Series
iOS: iPad, iPad mini, iPad Pro
About Text Talker is available in two versions: Text Talker (for Grid 3) and Text Talker Classic (for Grid for iPad) (Smartbox, 2018).
Target Suitable for literate individuals who want to create messages in the moment or prepare for User communication in advance (i.e., speeches etc.)
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods (*Note: iPad is limited to touch only)
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2019): QWERTY and ABC keyboards Chat history Word prediction Quick phrases Switch between conversations Has keyboards optimized for switch scanning (frequency layout as opposed to QWERT or ABC) Ease of 10/10 Editing Very simple to edit. There isn’t a lot that you can customize.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations Can’t edit colour scheme for students with CVI
Price Windows OS: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
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**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Text Talker Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Text Talker main page (Smartbox, 2019)
Figure X. Text Talker frequency layout for switch scanning (Smartbox, 2019)
86 SET-BC Fast Talker 3
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows 10 software (for Grid 3)
Devices Windows OS: Surface Pro, I-Series
About Text Talker 3 is a grid set in Grid 3 that allows users to text, instant message, email, make phone calls, use social media, and other common apps found on mobile phones (Smartbox, 2018). Fast Talker 3 is considered a “desktop access” grid set because it decreases the barriers for people with physical access needs to use conventional features on a computer. For example, Fast Talker 3 has a web browser that has simplified buttons to make it easier to navigate a web page.
Target Suitable for literate individuals who want to create messages in the moment or User prepare for communication in advance (i.e., speeches etc.). Desktop access software is also suitable for those with physical access barriers who can communicate verbally but benefit from larger buttons to help them use their computer.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Symbol Set Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS) or SymbolStix
Features The following is from Smartbox (2018): QWERTY keyboard includes chat history, Swiftkey prediction (i.e., auto- complete, word completion, next word prediction, and spell correction), quick phrases, and the ability to switch between conversations. Full access to your windows device with Zoom to Click feature. Other features include: calculator, camera, notes, music player “Servus” function includes environmental controls to use Apple TV, phone, stereo, answer the intercom, control the TV, turn on the lights, adjust the heater, etc. Social media includes: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube Ease of 10/10 Editing
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Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Smartbox account, Dropbox, or USB
Limitations Cannot post to Instagram—you can only browse pictures, comment, and like the pictures of others Price Windows devices: Included with purchase of Grid 3 ($960.00)
App Store: Included with purchase of Grid for iPad ($349.99)
**Note: You can download a free version of the app that doesn’t speak
Fast Talker 3 Grid Set Tour
Figure X. Fast Talker 3 Home page (Smartbox, 2019)
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Figure X. Fast Talker email (Smartbox, 2019)
Figure X. Fast Talker 3 notes (Smartbox, 2019)
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Figure X. Fast Talker 3 surfing the web (Smartbox, 2019)
90 SET-BC Essence
Vendor PRC-Saltillo
Software Windows OS
Devices Accent 800/1000/1200/1400
About Essence is a text-to-speech communication software that acts as a pseudo umbrella system. It allows users to communicate and use a variety of accessibility features (e.g., environmental controls, controlling your computer, etc.) (PRC-Saltillo, 2019).
Target Literate users who want accessibility options embedded into their User communication device
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Grid 36, 60, 84, 144
Features Information from PRC-Saltillo (2019): Text-based communication with QWERTY and ABC keyboard Quick messages function Notebook function for writing longer text Environmental Controls Camera Phone Email Reminders Calculator Web browsing Social media Access to change device settings Ease of 4/10 Editing Steep learning curve to learn how to edit layout, buttons, add new vocabulary, and import images from the web or device.
Voice Acapela and Dectalk
Backing Up USB
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Limitations Difficult to learn to use Accent device and NuVoice software No SMS text messaging capability Price Windows OS: LAMP Words for Life comes loaded on Accent devices which range in price from $7000-$9000
Essence Tour
Figure X. Essence home page (PRC-Saltillo, 2019)
92 SET-BC Section 4: Umbrella Systems for People with Physical Access Barriers
Grid 3
Communicator 5
93 SET-BC Grid 3
Vendor Smartbox/Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows 10 software
Devices Surface Pro, I-Series,
About Grid 3 is an “umbrella system” that encapsulate communication page sets, desktop access, accessibility features, alternative access games, social media, and more (Smartbox, 2019).
Target Suitable for those with physical access needs who require accessibility features User to use their computer.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Symbol Set Widigit Literacy Symbols, SymbolStix
Features The following information is from Smartbox (2019): Interactive Visual Scenes with accompanying vocab pages “Choices” activity that allows users to manipulate images (e.g., dressing a character in different clothing) Accessible Apps: o SMS Text message (for symbol-based communicators and text- based communicators) o Computer control o Phone o Camera o Music and Video o Email o Browse the web o Notes o Contacts o Skype o Kindle o Clock (for setting timers and alarms) Accessible social media: o YouTube o Twitter o Facebook o Instagram
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Available in Afrikaans, Arabic, Czech, Dutch, English, Finnish, Flemish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latin American Spanish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, and Welsh. Simple Servus Environmental Controls and Servus Environmental Controls Favourite web page browser feature Set rules for blocked websites Share Online Grids Ease of 3/10 Editing There is a considerably steep learning curve. It is more intuitive to edit that Communicator 5, but it has less-complex capabilities.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Back up to your Smartbox/tobii dynavox account, USB, or Dropbox
Limitations Cannot upload own images to Instagram VSDs cannot have hotspots Cannot hide menu bar on the top of the window—eye gaze and switch access users may accidently click on this tool bar Cannot easily customize games Grid 3 is new to the market and does not have the same abilities that Communicator 5 has for high-end performance users—Tobii Dynavox will likely develop these capabilities in time
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Grid 3 Tour
Figure X. Example of Grid 3 home page with communication grids (Smartbox, 2019)
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Figure X. Example of Grid 3 home page with alternative access games and activities (Smartbox, 2019)
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Figure X. Example of Grid 3 home page with other communication grid options (Smartbox, 2019)
Figure X. Visual Scene Display in Grid 3 (Smartbox, 2019) 98 SET-BC
Figure X. Communication page that accompanies visual scene display (Smartbox, 2019)
Figure X. Grid 3 Challenge activity (Smartbox, 2019) 99 SET-BC
Figure X. Grid 3 choices activity (Smartbox, 2019)
Figure X. Grid 3 magic piano (Smartbox, 2019) 100 SET-BC Communicator 5
Vendor Tobii Dynavox
Software Windows 10 software
Devices Surface Pro, I-Series+, other Windows OS laptop and desktop computers
About Operating systems are “umbrella systems” that encapsulate communication page sets, desktop access, accessibility features, physical access games, social media, and more (Tobii Dynavox, 2019). Communicator 5 (C5) is offered in 3 levels: emergent, symbol, and text (Tobii Dynavox, 2019).
Target While it could be argued that C5 is suitable for communicators across the User continuum of communicative independence and physical access spectrum, I see C5 as an option for the following profiles only:
1. Emerging communicators using eye gaze who require a custom-built page set, visual scene displays, talking books, and access to eye gaze activities. **Please note: Not recommended if the team supporting the AAC user does not have the capacity and technological skill to support custom-built pages—see Snap + Core First for pre-made page sets for emerging communicators using eye gaze (page X). 2. Context-dependent, symbol-based communicators using eye gaze who are building generative language ability with WordPower and need access to docked page sets. The smallest grid size for WordPower on C5 is 84 buttons; therefore, students must be able to select small buttons. 3. Literate communicators using text-to-speech and docked page sets with eye gaze. C5 is possibly the most powerful option for high-end performance users 4. Students (verbal, minimally verbal, or non-verbal) with physical access needs who require desktop access features in order to use a computer.
Compatible Direct Selection: touch, eye gaze, mouse emulation (e.g., joystick) Access Indirect Selection: 1 and 2 switch scanning Methods
Symbol Set PCS, SymbolStix, Photos
Features The following information is from Tobii Dynavox (2019): Accessible Apps: o SMS Text message (for symbol-based communicators and text- based communicators)
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o Phone o Camera o Music and Video o Email o Browse the web o Notes o Contacts o Skype o Clock (for setting timers and alarms) Accessible social media: o YouTube o Twitter o Facebook Available in Afrikaans, Arabic, Czech, Dutch, English, Finnish, Flemish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latin American Spanish, Norwegian, Portuguese, Polish, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, and Welsh. Environmental controls Favourite web page browser feature Set rules for blocked websites Visual Scene Displays Access to Pageset Central to download pre-made page sets Docked page sets Page Sets Symbol-based whole-language page sets have Word Power (Inman Innovations, Inc.) Built-in grammar function High-contrast symbols are available for individuals with CVI There is a lot of flexibility in how you can arrange and edit the page sets; however, editing does take considerable skill and time Visual Scene display capability with core word pages linked Editing capabilities allow you to create your own highly-customized pages. Fitzgerald Key Import your own pictures, download pictures from the web, or use the built-in camera app to take pictures in the moment.
Emergent Sono Primo 4, 16, 32 locations with Visual Scene Displays Symbol My Words comes in four different options: Categorized, Flex, Topics, and a variety of Visual Scene Displays (called My Visual Scenes). Sono Flex 35 locations Sono Lexis 35, 54, 108 locations LiterAACy 35, 54, 108 locations Text Sono Scribe 100 location letters, words, phrases Sono Key (Social Media) Word Power (add on) 102 SET-BC
Picture Word Power 108 locations Picture Word Power 84 locations, no keyboard Picture Word Power—Phrases & Categories 70 locations Scanning Picture Word Power 108 locations Scanning Picture Word Power Scanning Picture Word Power—Phrases & Categories 70 locations Scanning Word Power 169 locations Word Power 169 locations Ease of 2/10 Editing Communicator 5 can feel like a true enigma when you first begin to edit page sets. There is a considerably steep learning curve but if you persevere it can open up your world in remarkable ways.
Voice Acapela Voices, Microsoft Desktop Voices, Cere Proc, Real Speak, and Nuance
Backing Up Back up entire User Areas and page sets to USB
Limitations Steep learning curve to learn to edit and customize pages. Tobii Dynavox is phasing Communicator 5 out and likely replacing it with Grid 3 (which it is in the process of acquiring). Price $844.00
Communicator 5 Page Set Tour
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Figure X. Communicator 5 home page (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
Figure X. My Words - Categorized with 35 locations (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
Figure X. My Words – Flex with 35 locations (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
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Figure X. My Words – Topics with 35 locations (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
Figure X. My Visual Scenes with 35 locations (Tobii Dynavox, 2019)
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Appendices: References & Resources
Appendix A: Glossary
Aided Language Stimulation: An input strategy for teaching and modelling language concepts represented by symbols (see also Modelling AAC).
Activation feedback: Feedback (visual or auditory) that a button was selected on a screen.
Assistive Technology (AT): Any form of technology that helps you accomplish a task that would otherwise be difficult without the aid of the technology.
Auditory scanning: A form of indirect message selection in which options are presented auditorily and sequentially.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC): “A communication approach that augments or provides alternatives to natural speech or writing for persons with severe communication disorders. The term also refers to the related field of practice” (Calliou et al., 2008).
Automatic linear scanning: A form of indirect message selection in which options are presented sequentially and the user must interrupt the scanning process to select their message. The user cannot control the speed of the scanning pattern, and must wait for the option to be highlighted/presented.
Communication partner: In the context of this book, the communication partner refers to the person who is communicating with an AAC user.
Complex Communication Needs (CCN): A term used to describe individuals who do not communicate verbally, or those who communicate verbally but do not have 100% speech intelligibility.
Core Vocabulary: Core vocabulary are the words we use to communicate thoughts, ideas, requests, protests, and opinions. Core is typically thought of as “function words” that stick all of our nouns and together. CV is our pronouns (I, You, She, Her, They), verbs (want, like, stop, go), adjectives (more, different, good), and adverbs (here, now) (Battye, 2018). CV makes up 80% of the words we use. Without CV we could not make phrases and sentences, because we would only be writing in nouns.
Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI): Formerly known as cortical visual impairment, CVI is a visual impairment that is based in the brain. There is nothing structurally wrong with the eyes or its related structures. It is characterized by the brain’s inability to interpret the visual stimuli coming in from the eyes.
Desktop Access Software: Assistive technology software that allows you to use all of the functions and features of your computer (e.g. surfing the web).
Device: In the context of this book, a colloquial term sometimes used to refer to AAC hardware.
Direct access: A form of physical access where individuals are directly selecting their target. Direct access includes eye gaze, touch, stylus, and mouse emulation (e.g., joystick).
Docked Page Set: A page set that typically appears as a control bar. In Communicator 5, docked page sets are used in conjunction with other software (e.g. Clicker 7 or Photoshop software).
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Dynamic Display: A type of display that changes when you select a button on the page, as opposed to a static display, which does not change.
Environmental Controls: Formally called an “Environmental Control Unit” is an infrared (IR) control that gives people the independence to turn things on and off in their environment using their AAC device (e.g., using your device to turn the lights on/off or control the television.
Eye Gaze: A form of direct selection in which messages/symbols are selected with the user’s eyes. This can be high- tech (mouse emulation) using infrared technology or low-tech (gaze).
Feature Matching: The informal and formal assessment process of matching a student to communication hardware, software, and physical access equipment.
Fringe Vocabulary: Fringe vocabulary is the content words (often our nouns--person, place, and things). These words hold the bulk of our meaning in sentences.
Head Mouse: A direct access mouse emulation method where a silver sticker is placed on the individual’s forehead and the computer reads the placement of the dot in relation to the computer.
Head Pointer: A direct access method where a stick is fastened to the individual’s head or a laser pointer. They use the stick/laser to point to their selection.
High-Tech: A colloquial term used to describe SGD that typically includes an electronic screen (e.g., communication software on an iPad).
Indirect access: A form of physical access where individuals are selecting a target by scanning through the options sequentially. Direct access includes all forms of scanning: partner assisted scanning, partner assisted auditory scanning, automatic linear scanning, 2-switch scanning, etc.,).
Intelligibility: Term used to describe how much of speech is understood by a listener. If someone’s speech is understood half of the time, they are said to be 50% intelligible. iOS: Operating System for mobile Apple Inc. devices (e.g. iPad).
Just in Time Communication (JIT) Apps: Term used to describe apps that take little time to learn and use, and can be adapted on the fly. JIT apps make great companion apps as they are often relatively low-cost and have specific features that are not ubiquitous among all AAC software (e.g., Visual Scene Displays).
Linear Scanning: A scanning method where options are presented automatically and the individual listens or watches until their target is presented and selects the target. This form of scanning is highly dependent on timing— as individuals must select their target within a small window of time or wait for the scan to come back to their selection. Linear scanning can be high-tech or low-tech.
Locations: Buttons on a page set.
Low-Tech: A colloquial term used to describe AAC systems that include an electronic component but do not have a screen (e.g., Auditory Choice Making Communicator).
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Message banking: The process by which people record their voice on a communication device so that it can be preserved for future use with an AAC device. People who use message banking typically have a neurodegenerative condition which causes them to lose their ability to speak.
Message feedback: Feedback (visual or auditory) of the message once it is composed.
Minspeak© Icons: A symbol set comprised of “multi-meaning pictures” that are designed to be “culturally relevant and communicate a wide range of common ideas and topics” (Baker, 2019). When combined together, Minspeak© Icons “code vocabulary,” meaning that different combinations of the same symbols create different meanings—this is known as semantic compaction. Minspeak© Icons were created by the Prentke Romich Company in the 1980s and available on all PRC devices.
Modelling AAC: Formally called “Aided Language Stimulation.” Modelling AAC is a way to teach AAC users how to use their devices to communicate.
Mouse emulation: A form of direct access in which a cursor is used to select with left click on a screen. Mouse emulation may be achieved with various assistive technologies to assist those with physical access needs. These assistive technologies may include: computer mouse, joystick, and eye gaze technology.
No-Tech: Of the three overarching categories of AAC (high-tech, low-tech, and no-tech), no-tech encompasses all AAC that does not include technology in any way (aided or unaided). This may include paper-based symbols, sign- language, PAS, etc.).
Operating System (OS): A foundational software that manages the basic functions common among all computers.
Page Set: A term used to describe a page on a no, low, or high-tech AAC that is designed or arranged in a specific way.
Personal Computer (PC): A laptop or desktop computer.
Picture Communication Symbols (PCS): A type of symbol set use in no, low, and high-tech AAC systems originally developed by Mayer-Johnson, LLC.
Phrase-Based Vocabulary: Phrase-based vocabulary has whole phrases or carrier phrases assigned to a single symbol. Core-and-fringe-based vocabulary typically has a 1:1 correspondence from word to symbol. Core-and-fringe- based AAC is less restrictive than phrase-based because it allows for unlimited generative language ability—you can combine words to say anything. With this, it is important to keep in mind that phrase-based communication still has a place in AAC—social communication, greetings, and other common phrases.
Pragmatic Organization Dynamic Display (PODD):
Row-Column Scanning: “A message selection technique in which scanning occurs down rows until the user interrupts the scan and then continues across the columns in the selected row” (Calliou et al., 2008).
Scanning: A form of indirect selection that involves options being presented sequentially (Calliou et al., 2008)
Speech Generating Device (SGD): A low or high-tech device that has a voice output.
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Speech Language Pathologist (SLP): A health profession that is licensed to work with people with communication disorders and is overseen by a regulatory body within British Columbia.
Step Scanning: Switch scanning characterized by having one switch that progresses the scan and the second switch that makes the selection. Step scanning can be high-tech or low-tech.
Symbol Set: The type of aided symbol used in a no, low, or high-tech AAC system (e.g. real objects, photos, PCS, WLS, SymbolStix, Minspeak© Icons, Blissymbols, Makaton, etc.,). Symbols range on a continuum of iconicity, meaning that some are easier to recognize than others depending on your cultural experiences
Symbol-Based Communication Software: A form of AAC that uses symbols to represent words or concepts. Individuals do not have to be literate to use symbol-based communication software.
Text-Based Communication Software: A form of AAC used by literate individuals who want to spell their own messages.
Text-to-speech Communication Apps: In the context of this book, a term used to describe text-based communication software. The term “Text-to-Speech” is also used to describe written output software such as Kurzweil 3000 and Dragon Naturally Speaking, where the student speaks and the software records their words in writing.
Umbrella System: A term that encapsulates communication page sets, desktop access software, accessibility features, alternative access games, social media, and more.
Visual Scene Display (VSD): “A visual scene is a page in a communication page set (no/low/high tech) that includes a photo that takes up at least 40% of the page or screen and has the ability to include buttons/cells (containing a visual and/or text) and/or hotspots. These pages can be created from scratch and/or from a template and can be edited/changed depending on the student’s needs. A hotspot is an area on a page/photo that has no visible button but produces a message when activated” (Welsh, 2019).
Whole language system: An AAC system that has robust generative language capabilities. Whole language systems include core vocabulary, fringe vocabulary, and phrase-based communication.
Word prediction: a feature where word options are presented based on the context of the sentence and/or the letters typed.
Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS): A type of symbol set created by Widgit Software that are simple and colourful line- drawn symbols.
Appendix B: References
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Acapela Group. (2019). Acapela Group Voices. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.acapela-group.com/
Apple Inc. (2019). Apple Inc. App Store. Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/tapspeak- sequence-standard/id379541810?mt=8
Apple Inc. (2019). Apple Inc. Apple Watch. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.apple.com/ca/watch/
Apple Inc. (2019). Apple Inc. iPad. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.apple.com/ca/ipad/
Apple Inc. (2019). Apple Inc. iPad Pro. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.apple.com/ca/shop/buy-ipad/ipad- pro-10-5
Apple Inc. (2019). Apple Inc. iPad mini 4. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.apple.com/ca/ipad-mini-4/
AssistiveWare B.V.. (2019). Pictello (Version 3.6). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://www.assistiveware.com/products/pictello
Attainment Company (2019). GoTalk Now app (Version 4.11.20). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://www.attainmentcompany.com/gotalk-now
CoughDrop Incorporated. (2019). CoughDrop (Version 2018.01.10). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://www.coughdrop.com/
Inman Innovations, Inc. (2019). Inman Innovations, Inc WordPower™. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from http://www.inmaninnovations.com/
Microsoft. (2019). Microsoft Surface Pro 6. Retrieved February 18, 2019 from https://www.microsoft.com/en- ca/p/surface/8zcnc665slq5?icid=Cat-Surface-R2-CP1-SurfacePro6-112218-CA&activetab=pivot%3aoverviewtab n2y, LLC. (2019). N2y, LLC. SymbolStix Symbol Set. Retrieved Marc 7, 2019 from https://www.n2y.com/
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo AAC Language Lab®. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://aaclanguagelab.com/
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Accent® 800. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://store.prentrom.com/accent-800
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Accent® 1000. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://store.prentrom.com/accent-1000
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Accent® 1400. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://store.prentrom.com/accent-1400
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Core Scanner™ language system. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.prentrom.com/prc_advantage/lamp-words-for-life-language-system
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Essence® language system. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.prentrom.com/prc_advantage/essence-language-system
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo LAMP Words for Life® language system. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.prentrom.com/prc_advantage/lamp-words-for-life-language-system
PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo Unity® language system. Retrieved January 15, 2018 from https://www.prentrom.com/prc_advantage/unity-language-system
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PRC-Saltillo. (2019). PRC-Saltillo WordPower™ language system. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.prentrom.com/prc_advantage/wordpower-language-system
Red Jumper Limited (2019). Red Jumper Limited Book Creator for iPad (Version 5.2.3) Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/book-creator-for-ipad/id442378070?mt=8
Red Jumper Limited (2019). Red Jumper Limited Book Creator for Windows (Version released 2018-01-30) Retrieved January 30, 2019 from https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/p/book- creator/9wzdncrdszxg?rtc=1&activetab=pivot:overviewtab
Smartbox (2019). Grid 3 (Version 3.0.36). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://thinksmartbox.com/
Ted Conley (2019). Ted Conley Tap Speak Sequence Standard (Version 3.2.0). Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://itunes.apple.com/ca/app/tapspeak-sequence-standard/id379541810?mt=8
Tobii Dynavox. (2019) Tobii Dynavox Communicator 5. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.tobiidynavox.com/en-US/software/windows-software/communicator-5/
Tobii Dynavox. (2019) Tobii Dynavox I-Series+. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.tobiidynavox.com/en- US/meet-the-i-series/?redirect=true
Tobii Dynavox. (2019). Tobii Dynavox Snap + Core First (Version 1.6). Retrieved February 18, 2019 from https://www.tobiidynavox.com/software/windows-software/snap-for-windows/.
Therapy Box Limited (2019). Therapy Box Limited Predictable (Version 5.2.8). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://therapy-box.co.uk/predictable
Therapy Box Limited (2019). Therapy Box Limited Scene and Heard (Version 3.10). Retrieved January 15, 2019 from https://therapy-box.co.uk/scene_and_heard
Welsh, E. (2019). Using Visual Scenes for Communication and Social Engagement. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://cpb-ca-c1.wpmucdn.com/learningnetwork.setbc.org/dist/e/867/files/2019/02/Visual-scenes-DP-conf- powerpoint-1fck8nw.pdf
Widgit Software. (2019). Widgit Software Widgit Symbol Set. Retrieved March 7, 2019 from https://www.widgit.com/
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