DOCSLIB.ORG

Leonard Wood and the American Empire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leonard Wood and the American Empire LEONARD WOOD AND THE AMERICAN EMPIRE A Dissertation by JAMES HERMAN PRUITT II Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Major Subject: History Leonard Wood and the American Empire Copyright 2011 James Herman Pruitt II LEONARD WOOD AND THE AMERICAN EMPIRE A Dissertation by JAMES HERMAN PRUITT II Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Brian M. Linn Committee Members, R.J.Q. Adams Charles Hermann H.W. Brands Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2011 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Leonard Wood and the American Empire. (May 2011) James Herman Pruitt II, B.A., King College; M.A., The University of Kentucky Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Brian M. Linn During the ten years following the Spanish American War (1898 to 1908), Major General Leonard Wood served as the primary agent of American imperialism. Wood was not only a proconsul of the new American Empire; he was a symbol of the empire and the age in which he served. He had the distinction of directing civil and military government in Cuba and the Philippines where he implemented the imperial policies given to him by the administrations of William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. In Cuba, he labored to rebuild a state and a civil society crippled by decades of revolutionary ferment and guided the administration’s policy through the dangerous channels of Cuban politics in a way that satisfied – at least to the point of avoiding another revolution – both the Cubans and the United States. In the Philippines, Wood took control of the Moro Province and attempted to smash the tribal-religious leadership of Moro society in order to bring it under direct American rule. His personal ideology, the imperial policies he shepherded, and the guidance he provided to fellow military officers and the administrations he served in matters of colonial administration and defense shaped the American Empire and endowed it with his personal stamp. iv To my wonderful and supportive wife Nicole and my three beautiful daughters – Faith, Teagan, and Keileigh SDG – Jeremiah 6:16 v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my committee chair, Dr. Brian M. Linn, who has become not only a mentor but a friend. His tireless efforts have made me a better writer and scholar. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Adams, Dr. Hermann, and Dr. Brands, for their guidance and support. Their constant encouragement and excellent example made the dissertation possible. Thanks also go to my friends and colleagues and the department faculty and staff for making my time at Texas A&M University a great experience. Particular thanks are due to Jon Beall who listened patiently to my thoughts on the American Empire and joined me on several research trips to Washington, D.C. A special thanks to James and Connie Pruitt and William and Sue Bate for their encouragement. Finally, I have a tremendous debt to my wife, Nicole Pruitt, for her patience and love and to my daughters – Faith, Teagan, and Keileigh – for their understanding and inventive distractions. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................. iii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS.......................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 II THE ROAD TO SANTIAGO .............................................................. 9 The Education of a Frontier Officer.............................................. 10 The Spanish-Cuban-American War .............................................. 13 Preventing a Humanitarian Catastrophe........................................ 16 III PROGRESSIVE IMPERIALISM: THE SANTIAGO MODEL ........ 28 Geopolitical Considerations.......................................................... 29 The Emergence of Leonard Wood ................................................ 32 Progressive Imperialism – The Vision of Leonard Wood............. 37 Conclusion..................................................................................... 60 IV POLICY DEBATES AND IMPERIALISM........................................ 62 Leonard Wood and the 1898 Campaign for Governor.................. 63 Governor John Brooke and the Minimalist Approach .................. 68 The Progressive Campaign for Governor...................................... 74 James Wilson and the Matanzas Alternative................................. 82 Sea Change – The Summer of 1899.............................................. 88 Conclusion..................................................................................... 98 vii CHAPTER Page V BUILDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE STATE ............................. 101 Concentration of Power into the Office of Military Governor...... 102 Municipal Elections....................................................................... 116 Imperial Defense........................................................................... 122 The Constitutional Convention ..................................................... 130 Conclusion..................................................................................... 144 VI EFFORTS TO BUILD A CUBAN NATION ...................................... 146 General Governance...................................................................... 146 Financing the Reforms .................................................................. 148 Reconstituting Municipal Government ......................................... 153 Sanitation and Public Health......................................................... 160 Public Works................................................................................. 172 Economic Development ................................................................ 181 Public Education ........................................................................... 190 Law and Order............................................................................... 197 Conclusion..................................................................................... 206 VII IN THE MORO PROVINCE............................................................... 208 Interlude ........................................................................................ 209 The Moro Province........................................................................ 214 The Civil Administration .............................................................. 224 Financing the Civil Government................................................... 230 Economic Development ................................................................ 239 Public Works................................................................................. 244 Public Education ........................................................................... 249 Public Health................................................................................. 255 Conclusion..................................................................................... 258 VIII IMPERIAL DEFENSE IN THE PHILIPPINES.................................. 260 The Department of Mindanao....................................................... 261 The Philippines Division............................................................... 279 Conclusion..................................................................................... 287 IX CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 289 viii Page REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 296 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................... 316 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 332 ix LIST OF TABLES TABLE Page 5:1 Provincial Statistics for Voters in the Municipal Elections .................... 121 5:2 Voters in the Elections for the Constitutional Convention by Province . 134 6:1 Revenue and Disbursements ................................................................... 149 6:2 Customs Revenue Compared to Total Insular Revenue.......................... 150 6:3 Revenue from Sources other than Customs ............................................ 151 6:4 Expenditure per Appropriation Related to Municipalities ...................... 160 6:5 Number of Children in the State Support System at Date....................... 167 6:6 Number of Patients at the General Asylum for the Insane at Mazorra at Date ............................................................ 168 6:7 Expenditure per Appropriation Related to Sanitation and Public Health 172 6:8 Expenditure per Appropriation Related to Public Works ...................... 181 6:9 Expenditure per Appropriation Related to Economic Development ...... 190 6:10
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 I
    Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 i Jonathan Potts 1714 – 1785 His Ancestors and Descendants Revised Compiled by Joseph J. Reichel Privately published by Joseph J. Reichel Aurora, Colorado 1980 © Copyright 1980, Joseph J. Reichel First Revision– 2004 Adds material in chapter nine concerning Joel Potts; son of David Potts, Sr. and Martha Short. Contributed by Cyrus Potts Second Revision – 2011 Adds appendix L, with an intriguing story about one Billy Potts, and Adds appendix M, about Isaiah Potts and Polly Blue. Both contributed by William R. Carr ii Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 Also By Joseph J. Reichel http://home.comcst.net/~joereichel/ ` A Reichel Family Published in 1985 Includes these allied families: Potts, Mosley, Maloney, Oslin, Smith, Nunley Hugh W. Spry and Minnie Lee Jones Their Ancestors and Descendants Published in 1987 Includes these allied families: Jones, Brubaker, Funk, Gish, Harshbarger, Kaufman, Lee, Penn, Savage, Whitmore Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 iii Time is like a river of passing events, with current so strong, as soon as something is brought into being it is swept away and replaced by another, and this too will be gone before long. -- Marcus Aurelius Antonius Meditations IV 43 iv Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 Dedicated to the memory of my Mother Lena Parsada Potts Reichel Born: 2 September 1887 Died: 25 June 1981 Jonathan Potts 1714 - 1785 v TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication iv Preface vii Introduction ix PART ONE Background & Probable Ancestry of Jonathan Potts 1 Chapter One Derivation of the Name 2 Chapter Two British Origins 3 Chapter Three Colonial America 9 Chapter Four The Potts Families of Early Pennsylvania 11 Chapter Five Jonas Potts of Wales and Pennsylvania 14 PART TWO Jonathan Potts and His Descendants 21 Chapter Six The Potts Family of Botetourt County, Virginia 23 Chapter Seven Jonathan Potts 1714 -1785 25 Chapter Eight David Potts of Mercer County, Kentucky 37 Chapter Nine Joel Potts—Son of David Sr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armored Infantry Rifle Company
    POWER AT THE PENTAGON-byPENTAGON4y Jack Raymond NIGHT DROP-The American Airborne Invasion $6.50 of Normandy-by S. 1.L. A. Marshall The engrossing story of one of 'thethe greatest power Preface by Carl Sandburg $6.50 centers thethe world has ever seen-how it came into Hours before dawn on June 6, 1944, thethe American being, and thethe people who make it work. With the 82dB2d and 1101Olst st Airborne Divisions dropped inin Normandy awesome expansion of military power in,in the interests behind Utah Beach. Their mission-to establish a firm of national security during the cold war have come foothold for the invading armies. drastic changes inin the American way of life. Mr. What followed isis one of the great and veritable Raymond says, "in the process we altered some of stories of men at war. Although thethe German defenders our traditionstraditions inin thethe military, in diplomacy, in industry, were spread thin, thethe hedgerow terrain favored them;them; science, education, politics and other aspects of our and the American successes when they eventually did society." We have developed military-civilian action come were bloody,bloody.- sporadic, often accidential. Seldom programs inin he farfar corners of the globe. Basic Western before have Americans at war been so starkly and military strategy depends upon decisions made in candidly described, in both theirtheir cowardice and theirtheir America. Uncle Sam, General Maxwell Taylor has courage. said, has become a world-renowned soldier in spite In these pages thethe reader will meet thethe officers whowho of himself. later went on to become our highest miliary com-com­ DIPLOMAT AMONG WARRIOR5-byWARRI0R-y Robert manders in Korea and after: J.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ARIZONA ROUGH RIDERS by Harlan C. Herner a Thesis
    The Arizona rough riders Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Herner, Charles Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 02:07:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551769 THE ARIZONA ROUGH RIDERS b y Harlan C. Herner A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require­ ments for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under the rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of this material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: MsA* J'73^, APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: G > Harwood P.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronological Table
    Chronological Table 1895 25 June Salisbury's third administration 29 December Jameson raid 1896 3 January Kaiser's telegram to Kruger 1898 17 January Salisbury's unsuccessful overture to Russia for co-operation in China 25 March Cabinet decides to lease Wei-hai-wei from China 29 March Chamberlain's bid for Anglo-German al- liance 10 April Reichstag ratifies First Naval Law 4 May Salisbury's 'dying nations' speech 13 May Chamberlain's bid for friendship of U.S.A. and Germany (Birmingham speech) 14 June Anglo-French convention over West Africa 30 August Anglo-German agreement over Portuguese colonies 2 September Battle of Omdurman 18 September- December Anglo-French crisis over Fashoda 1899 21 March Anglo-French convention over Central Af­ rica: France excluded from Valley of Nile 18 May- 29 June First Hague Peace Conference 12 October Boer War begins 14 November Anglo-German agreement over Samoa 30 November Chamberlain proposes Triple Alliance (Leicester speech) 10-15 December 'Black Week' in Boer War I goo January Bundesrath affair 27-28 February Formation of London Representation Com­ mittee 17 May Relief of Mafeking CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 259 13 June- 14 August Boxer rising in China 14 June Second German Naval Law 16 October Anglo-German agreement over China (Yangtze) November Salisbury relinquishes Foreign Office to Lansdowne 1901 22 January Death of Victoria; accession of Edward VII 12 March Lansdowne's draft alliance for German co­ operation in Far East 15 March Bulow denies China agreement's application to Manchuria March-May Anglo-German discussions continue 29 May Salisbury's objections to a German alliance 25 October Chamberlain's Edinburgh speech defending British policy in South Africa 16 December U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record-Senate
    1897. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1863 The reading of the bill was resumed, as follo~s: APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY. Schedule K.-Wool and manufactures of wool. Raymond Spear, a citizen of Pennsylvania, to be an assistant Ml·. VEST. We-do-not want to go on later this evening. surgeon. Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Does the Senator from Iowa propose PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. to proceed further this afternoon? Lieut. (Junior Grade) John F. Luby, to be a lieutenant. Mr. ALLISON. Being Saturday afteTiloon, and l;Laving com­ Ensign George W. Logan, to be a lieutenant (junior grade). pleted Schedule J, I move that the Senate proceed to the consider­ Lieut. Commander Eugene de Forrest Heald, to be a com- ation of executive business. mander. Mr. MANTLE. I ask the Senatorfromlowa to yield tome for Lieut. George P. Colvocoresses, to be a lieutenant-commander. the purpose of asking the present consideration of Senate bill164. Lieut. (Junior Grade) Lewis J. Clark, to be a lieutenant. Mr. ALLISON. I will withhold the motion for a moment. SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY. PUBLIC BUILDING AT BUTTE CITY, MONT. Maurice D. O'Connell, to be Solicitor of the Treasury. Mr. MANTLE. I ask the Senate to p1·oceed to the considera­ DEPUTY AUDITOR FOR WAR DEPARTMENT. tion of the bill (S. 164) to provide for the construction of a public building at Butte City, Mont. Daniel A. Grosvenor, of Maryland, to be deputy auditor for the · There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the War Department. Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It directs the Secretary of COMMISSIONERS.
    [Show full text]
  • Topical Essays ------17 It 6
    Topical Essays The Importance of Alliances for U.S. Security Martin Murphy “No man is an island, entire of itself,” wrote as influential at various times as the United the English poet John Donne in 1624.1 The States or Great Britain, can disengage from same is true of nations. the world. Such a nation must instead be free The United States now sits at the apex of an to choose when to engage and when not to en- international network of alliances brought to- gage—and, most momentously, when to go to gether during the Cold War, but this has not al- war and when to walk away. ways been America’s situation. In earlier times, especially at its inception, the U.S. benefited Wisdom and Utility of Alliances from alliances, generally as the junior partner. An equally spirited debate about the wis- Success in the Revolutionary War was helped dom and utility of alliances continues today. by a crucial alliance with France, a country that Repeatedly, alliances are referred to as bur- the infant U.S. shortly thereafter fought in the dens, an elastic term that can be stretched 2 undeclared Quasi-War (1798–1800). to include everything from moral hazard to It is true that George Washington, in his free riding. Farewell Address of 1796, warned his coun- The burden of moral hazard is that states, trymen that they should not “entangle our including states of roughly equivalent weights, peace and prosperity in the toils of European may feel emboldened to pursue riskier for- ambition,” an admonition that has come to be eign policies because their allies are obligated viewed as a warning against “foreign entan- to come to their rescue.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brave New World (PDF)
    Dear Reader: In Spring 2005, as part of Cochise College’s 40th anniversary celebration, we published the first installment of Cochise College: A Brave Beginning by retired faculty member Jack Ziegler. Our reason for doing so was to capture for a new generation the founding of Cochise College and to acknowledge the contributions of those who established the College’s foundation of teaching and learning. A second, major watershed event in the life of the College was the establishment of the Sierra Vista Campus. Dr. Ziegler has once again conducted interviews and researched archived news­ paper accounts to create a history of the Sierra Vista Campus. As with the first edition of A Brave Beginning, what follows is intended to be informative and entertaining, capturing not only the recorded events but also the memories of those who were part of expanding Cochise College. Dr. Karen Nicodemus As the community of Sierra Vista celebrates its 50th anniversary, the College takes great pleas­ ure in sharing the establishment of the Cochise College Sierra Vista Campus. Most importantly, as we celebrate the success of our 2006 graduates, we affirm our commitment to providing accessible and affordable higher education throughout Cochise County. For those currently at the College, we look forward to building on the work of those who pio­ neered the Douglas and Sierra Vista campuses through the College’s emerging districtwide master facilities plan. We remain committed to being your “community” college – a place where teaching and learning is the highest priority and where we are creating opportunities and changing lives. Karen A.
    [Show full text]
  • · Congressional Record-Senate. 597
    1899. · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 597 By Mr. YOUNG of Virginia: A bill (H. R. 4904) for relief of By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Petition of J, D. Hincls and. Edward William Bailey-to the Committee on Claims. others,·of Orrington, l\Ie, - Also, a bill {H. R. 4905) for the relief of James A. Johnston­ By Mr. ELLIOTT: Petition of F. Rhem and others, of Rhems,. to the Committee on Claims. S. C., and vicinity. · By Mr. ZENOR: A bill (H. R. 4906) granting a pension tol\Irs. By Mr. FITZGERALD of New York: Petitions of the First. Ellen Quinn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, citizens of the Second Congres­ By Mr. CUMMINGS: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 91) for the sional district of New York, and Federation of Churches and relief of A ugnst Bolten, of New York City, and Gustav Richelieu, Christian Workers of New York. of Bostop, Mass.,Americanseamen-totheCommittee on Foreign By Mr. FOSS: Petition of James P. Dickson and others, of Chi­ Affairs. cago, Ill. By Mr. GRilrFITH: Petition of citizens of the Fourth Congres­ sional district of Indiana. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. HOWELL: Petition of citizens of the Third Congress· Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers siona.l district of New Jersey". were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: By Mr. MANN: Petition of the Chicago Woman's Club. By the SPEAKE.R: Petition of George W. Dunham and a num­ By Mr. NEEDHAM: Petitions of E. A. Wright and 78 others, of ber of other citizens of Iowa, in favol' of an appropriation for the Seventh Congressional district of California; J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inventory of the Theodore Roosevelt Collection #560
    The Inventory of the Theodore Roosevelt Collection #560 Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center ROOSEVELT, THEODORE 1858-1919 Gift of Paul C. Richards, 1976-1990; 1993 Note: Items found in Richards-Roosevelt Room Case are identified as such with the notation ‘[Richards-Roosevelt Room]’. Boxes 1-12 I. Correspondence Correspondence is listed alphabetically but filed chronologically in Boxes 1-11 as noted below. Material filed in Box 12 is noted as such with the notation “(Box 12)”. Box 1 Undated materials and 1881-1893 Box 2 1894-1897 Box 3 1898-1900 Box 4 1901-1903 Box 5 1904-1905 Box 6 1906-1907 Box 7 1908-1909 Box 8 1910 Box 9 1911-1912 Box 10 1913-1915 Box 11 1916-1918 Box 12 TR’s Family’s Personal and Business Correspondence, and letters about TR post- January 6th, 1919 (TR’s death). A. From TR Abbott, Ernest H[amlin] TLS, Feb. 3, 1915 (New York), 1 p. Abbott, Lawrence F[raser] TLS, July 14, 1908 (Oyster Bay), 2 p. ALS, Dec. 2, 1909 (on safari), 4 p. TLS, May 4, 1916 (Oyster Bay), 1 p. TLS, March 15, 1917 (Oyster Bay), 1 p. Abbott, Rev. Dr. Lyman TLS, June 19, 1903 (Washington, D.C.), 1 p. TLS, Nov. 21, 1904 (Washington, D.C.), 1 p. TLS, Feb. 15, 1909 (Washington, D.C.), 2 p. Aberdeen, Lady ALS, Jan. 14, 1918 (Oyster Bay), 2 p. Ackerman, Ernest R. TLS, Nov. 1, 1907 (Washington, D.C.), 1 p. Addison, James T[hayer] TLS, Dec. 7, 1915 (Oyster Bay), 1p. Adee, Alvey A[ugustus] TLS, Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900
    07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 1 11/19/08 12:53:03 PM 07-02574 China Relief Cover.indd 2 11/19/08 12:53:04 PM The China Relief Expedition Joint Coalition Warfare in China Summer 1900 prepared by LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory This essay reflects the views of the author alone and does not necessarily imply concurrence by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) or any other organization or agency, public or private. About the Author LTC(R) Robert R. Leonhard, Ph.D., is on the Principal Professional Staff of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and a member of the Strategic Assessments Office of the National Security Analysis Department. He retired from a 24-year career in the Army after serving as an infantry officer and war planner and is a veteran of Operation Desert Storm. Dr. Leonhard is the author of The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver-Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle (1991), Fighting by Minutes: Time and the Art of War (1994), The Principles of War for the Informa- tion Age (1998), and The Evolution of Strategy in the Global War on Terrorism (2005), as well as numerous articles and essays on national security issues. Foreign Concessions and Spheres of Influence China, 1900 Introduction The summer of 1900 saw the formation of a perfect storm of conflict over the northern provinces of China. Atop an anachronistic and arrogant national government sat an aged and devious woman—the Empress Dowager Tsu Hsi.
    [Show full text]
  • Grua Tcu 0229D 10454.Pdf
    LIABILITIES OF CONQUEST: WOUNDED KNEE AND THE POLITICS OF MEMORY by DAVID W. GRUA Bachelor of Arts, 2004 Brigham Young University Provo, Utah Master of Arts, 2008 Brigham Young University Provo, Utah Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of AddRan College of Liberal Arts Texas Christian University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December, 2013 Copyright by David William Grua 2013 Acknowledgments Any author can tell you that, while research is often a solitary activity, writing a manuscript results from many hours of conversation and assistance from interested friends and colleagues. My debts to these individuals are many. Dedicated professors mentored me in the historian’s craft both in and out of the classroom. Todd M. Kerstetter has been a consummate doctoral advisor, sacrificing his own time and energy to answer questions, provide feedback, and teach the fascinating and intersecting histories of the North American West and Native America. Committee members Rebecca Sharpless and Peter Szok mentored me in coursework, refined my arguments in the dissertation, and imparted invaluable professional advice. Though I never had the privilege of taking their classes, committee members Greg Cantrell and Max Krochmal improved the dissertation through their comments and insights. Several institutions provided travel and research support, as well as venues to present my research. Texas Christian University’s Department of History and Geography, Graduate Student Senate, and Graduate School awarded grants that funded transportation to archives in Kansas, South Dakota, Missouri, and elsewhere. In addition, these grants permitted travel for presentations at the 2011 and 2012 annual conferences of the Western History Association, in Oakland, California, and Denver, Colorado, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War
    SERVICE HONEST AND FAITHFUL: THE THIRTY-THIRD VOLUNTEER INFANTRY REGIMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE WAR, 1899-1901 Jack D. Andersen, M.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2017 APPROVED: Richard B. McCaslin, Major Professor Roberto R. Calderón, Committee Member Harland Hagler, Committee Member Brian M. Linn, Committee Member Nancy L. Stockdale, Committee Member Harold M. Tanner, Chair of the Department of History David Holdeman, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences Victor Prybutok, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Andersen, Jack D. Service Honest and Faithful: The Thirty-Third Volunteer Infantry Regiment in the Philippine War, 1899-1901. Doctor of Philosophy (History), December 2017, 269 pp., bibliography, 72 primary resources, 97 secondary resources. This manuscript is a study of the Thirty-Third Infantry, United States Volunteers, a regiment that was recruited in Texas, the South, and the Midwest and was trained by officers experienced from the Indian Wars and the Spanish-American War. This regiment served as a front-line infantry unit and then as a constabulary force during the Philippine War from 1899 until 1901. While famous in the United States as a highly effective infantry regiment during the Philippine War, the unit's fame and the lessons that it offered American war planners faded in time and were overlooked in favor of conventional fighting. In addition, the experiences of the men of the regiment belie the argument that the Philippine War was a brutal and racist imperial conflict akin to later interventions such as the Vietnam War.
    [Show full text]