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Vincenzo Scamozzi Vincenzo Scamozzi Nato: nel 1552 a Vicenza - Morto: 7 agosto 1616 a Venezia Formazione: dopo una prima educazione ricevuta a Vicenza dal padre Giandomenico, imprenditore edile benestante di origini valtellinesi culturalmente legato a Sebastiano Serlio, nel 1572 si stabilì a Venezia, dove studiò il trattato di Vitruvio nell’interpretazione di Daniele Barbaro e di Andrea Palladio, deducendone un linguaggio architettonico del tutto personale che si valeva di principi metodologici basati su ragione e scienza. Sui suoi principi architettonici egli scrisse un trattato, Dell’idea di architettura universale, (Venezia1591-1615). Nel 1578 soggiornò per la prima volta a Roma,dedicandosi allo studio e al rilievo dei monumenti antichi. Tornato a Vicenza, in collaborazione con il padre realizzò una serie di palazzi e ville nella città natale e nella provincia, lavorando inoltre al completamento di alcune opere di Palladio. Progettò a Vicenza il Palazzo Godi (1569), molto alterato nell’esecuzione postuma, Villa Verlato a Villa verla (VI) (1574), costruì a Lonigo (VI) la Villa detta Rocca Pisana (1576) e a Vicenza Palazzo Trissino (1577-79). Ripresa l’attività a Venezia, costruì, continuando la libreria di S. Marco, iniziata da Sansovino, le Procuratie Nuove (1582-85 fino alla decima arcata) e, dopo la morte di Palladio, condusse a compimento a Vicenza il Teatro Olimpico, di cui realizzò anche l’apparato scenico seguendo i principi di Sebastiano Serlio e che ebbe un seguito nella progettazione del teatro di Sabbioneta (1588-1590). Dello stesso periodo sono due progetti per il Ponte di Rialto a Venezia (1588), mentre intorno al 1606 fornì i disegni per il duomo e il palazzo arcivescovile di Salisburgo. La sua tarda attività si svolse ancora a Venezia, a Castelfranco e a Bergamo -Secondo Scamozzi, l'architettura - disciplina a cui egli dedicò tutta la vita - doveva essere una scienza esatta, complessa, con proprie regole da studiare attentamente e con pazienza: «Architettura è scienza». -La figura di Scamozzi è relativamente poco conosciuta, però scrisse uno dei più importanti trattati dell'epoca La idea dell'architettura universale (1615), che fu per lungo tempo adottato come testo basilare dagli architetti del tempo ed ebbe particolare diffusione nel nord Europa, e in particolare nei Paesi Bassi nei Seicento e Settecento. -Scamozzi rappresentò, per molti aspetti, una figura assai moderna come architetto, studioso ed intellettuale del suo tempo. Fu tra i pochi a capire la necessità di raccogliere una notevole biblioteca personale, collezionando libri delle più diverse discipline, dalla matematica alla fisica. Fu il primo a progettare l'allestimento di un museo, curando attentamente non solo la disposizione dei pezzi ma anche lo studio dell'illuminazione sia naturale che artificiale, aspetto assai moderno che del resto si riscontra in molti dei suoi progetti. -Riconosceva all'arte dei giardini una piena dignità all'interno dell'architettura e disegnò scientificamente rigorosi giardini all'italiana. -Il capolavoro di Scamozzi è però considerata l'incantevole Villa Pisani detta la Rocca a Lonigo (Vicenza), a pianta centrale, da egli progettata a soli 26 anni. In quest'opera Scamozzi non si limita ad imitare la celeberrima Villa Capra detta la Rotonda del grande Palladio (all'epoca ancora in costruzione, e che dopo la morte di Palladio completò egli stesso), ma anzi ne fa una critica puntuale dal punto di vista architettonico, utilizzando una tipologia fino ad allora inedita, traendo diretta ispirazione dal Pantheon di Roma. Opere: Villa Molin a Mandria, Padova 1569: Palazzo Godi, Vicenza (progetto, alterato nell'esecuzione postuma) 1572-1593: Palazzo Thiene Bonin Longare, Vicenza (completamento del progetto di Palladio) 1574-1615: Villa Verlato, per Leonardo Verlato, Villaverla (Vicenza) 1575: Palazzo Caldogno, Vicenza 1575-1578: Villa Pisani detta la Rocca, per Vettor Pisani, Lonigo (Vicenza) 1576-1579: Palazzo Trissino al Duomo (Palazzo Trissino Trento), per Pierfrancesco Trissino, Vicenza (con Giandomenico Scamozzi) 1580-1592: Villa Almerico Capra detta La Rotonda, Vicenza (completò la costruzione della struttura di Andrea Palladio, riprogettandone la cupola, e vi aggiunse le stalle e gli annessi rurali) 1581-1586: chiesa di san Gaetano, Padova 1581-1599: Procuratie Nuove, Piazza San Marco, Venezia (continuate con un progetto per l'interno differente di Francesco Smeraldi e ultimate nel 1663 da Baldassare Longhena) 1582-1591: Biblioteca di San Marco, Venezia (completamento su progetto di Jacopo Sansovino) 1584-1585: Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza (costruzione della scena lignea) 1586-1605: Villa Foscarini a Stra (Venezia) [attribuita] (completamento su progetto di A. Palladio) 1588-1590: Teatro moderno, per il duca Vespasiano I Gonzaga, Sabbioneta (Mantova) 1591-1595: Statuario della Repubblica di Venezia, antisala della Libreria di San Marco 1591-1594: San Gaetano Thiene, Padova (monastero) 1591-1597: Villa Duodo e Cappella di San Giorgio, Monselice (Padova) 1592-1616: Palazzo Trissino al Corso, per Galeazzo Trissino, Vicenza 1596-1597: Villa Molin, per Nicolò Molin, Mandria, Padova 1597: Palazzo Priuli Cornaro, Padova 1597-1598: Villa Priuli, Carrara di Due Carrare (Padova) 1597-1598: Villa Godi, Sarmego di Grumolo delle Abbadesse (Vicenza) 1601: Palazzo del Bo, Padova (facciata dell'università) 1601-1606: San Giacomo di Rialto, Venezia (altare della Scuola degli Orefici; con Girolamo Campagna) 1601-1636: Chiesa e Ospedale di San Lazzaro dei Mendicanti, Venezia. 1604-1611: Progetto per Palazzo Nuovo, Bergamo Alta (completato sul disegno originale scamozziano dall'arch. E. Pirovano nel 1927) 1604-1612: Progetto per la Cattedrale dei Santi Ruperto e Virgilio, Salisburgo, Austria (completato dal 1614 al 1628 da Santino Solari) 1605: Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venezia (porta della sacrestia; con Alessandro Vittorio) 1605-1616: Villa Duodo, Monselice (Padova) (sei cappelle per la via Romana) 1607-1611: San Giorgio Maggiore, Venezia (facciata) 1607-1616: Villa Cornaro del Paradiso, Castelfranco (Treviso) (padiglioni gemelli, demoliti alla metà del XIX secolo) 1609: Villa Trevisan, per Domenico Trevisan, San Donà di Piave (Venezia) 1609-1616: Palazzo Contarini detto degli Scrigni a Santrovaso sul Canal Grande, Venezia 1614: Palazzo Loredan Vendramin, Venezia (ala est; demolita nel 1659 e ricostruita nel 1660) .
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