DOCSLIB.ORG

Genes and Djinn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genes and Djinn View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery Genes and Djinn: Identity and Anxiety in Southeast Arabia Aaron Lee Parkhurst University College London Department of Anthropology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 1 Declaration ‘ I, Aaron Lee Parkhurst, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.' 2 Abstract This thesis focuses on the ways in which identity is constructed in the United Arab Emirates in the face of rapid development and immigration. The thesis draws upon ethnographic data collected over three years in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, among other Arabian Gulf communities, to explore how foreign knowledge systems, specifically genetic models of inheritance, are incorporated into indigenous bodies of knowledge to reshape the ways in which local people see themselves in the world. Long held Gulf Arab conceptions of the self and body in relation to nature, spirits and foreigners are challenged by the promises of globalization and modernity. This conflict creates both personal and social anxiety for many local people as they attempt to consolidate desert and Islamic tradition with the ambiguity of new urban and social landscapes, creating a metaphor between Gene and Djinn. This thesis follows this conflict ethnographically through the rapid construction of a new aristocratic class of citizens in the country, and the ways in which some of them imagine their downfall. As people move through the desert, the coast and the rapidly growing cities, their quest for an elusive notion of modernity ricochets into local systems of destiny, cosmology, agency, body practices, and kinship, and the languages one uses to articulate the ‘self’ and world are transformed. 3 Table of Contents List of figures and tables 6 Acknowledgements 7 Chapter 1: Thee and Me 9 Introduction: Al Dhiyafa on December 2nd 10 Muatan, a new aristocracy 20 Methodology: Shifting Ontologies of the Anthropologist 30 Categories and Conversions 39 Arabic Protectionism 42 Strange words from the Westerner 51 Tracing ‘globalization’ 58 Chapter 2: Urban Djinn and the conflicts of modernity 65 A Brief History of Djinn in Anthropology 66 Djinn Possession, Illness Categories, and Culture Bound Syndromes 71 Case Study: Sexual Assault by a Djinn 75 Case study: Djinn and runaway teens 79 Djinn and Sex 81 Firestarters: Smokeless fire begets fire 85 Djinn as articulations of desire 92 The Djinn are confused 99 Conclusion 104 Chapter 3: Deconstructing Islamic Fatalism 109 A Bag Full of Money 109 The Bayesian failure 114 It is useless to pursue the World… 120 Prayer, history, Retroactivity, and Schrödinger 125 Fatalism and Economy 133 Religious Incongruency 137 Genetic Determinism 147 Fate, fortune and the moon on the mosque 151 Chapter 4: Genes as Djinn 159 Genes and their Agency 163 Case study: Genetic Schitzophrenia 167 Case Study: Inside the Nutrition Clinic 169 4 Case Study: Genetic phenotype and body Alterations 171 Heredity, Conception, and Preformative Science in the Gulf 175 Cultural Inheritance and the Kholasat Al Qaid 185 The Arab Genome 188 Genetics as Fatalism and Genetics as Scape-goat 190 Genes as Djinn 201 Conclusion 208 Chapter 5: Wearing white: Bottled Identity 213 Part 1: National Dress 215 The power of clothing 220 National Dress and exclusionist policy 225 Part Two: Whitening Creams and Racism in a Bottle 235 Skin-whitening 235 Whitening beyond racism 240 Kinship, Lamarckism, and Body Alterations 250 Conclusion 255 Chapter 6: The Aristocracy 261 The desert Flâneur 261 Case Study: No One Else in the World 266 The appearance of denial, and the responsibilities of the Muatan 273 On superlatives and identity 276 Global Aristocracies 285 Aristocratic kinship and Consanguinity 293 Arabic and English and the language of the Aristocracy 299 and the desert’s wealth 304 (ن فط) Oil Conclusion 310 Conclusion: Agents of the City and the City as an agent 314 Bibliography 321 Appendix - Stigmatisation Questionnaire 344 English Version 345 Arabic Version 349 5 List of Figures and Tables: Figure 1: Rubaiyat XXXII. Omar Khayyam. Artist: René Bull 9 Figure 2: English and Arabic Numerals 54 Figure 3: Locals crowd a Satwa mosque on Friday during midday prayers. 96 Figure 4: Isomers of Benzene 103 Figure 5: Benzene with resonating double bonds 103 Figure 6 : Hartsoeker's drawings of 'homunculi', or 'little humans' inside sperm. 175 Figure 7: Wijnand Van Till winning entry in the landscape category of the photo competition in the National Geographic’s Netherlands edition. 194 Figure 8: Local adverts for skin whitening products for men. 255 Figure 9: Promotional Master Plan of the Dubai Coast Line 266 A note on names: The names of all people, places, and organizations below the governmental and administrative level have been altered or omitted to protect the anonymity of those who participated in this ethnography. 6 Acknowledgements Over the years I lived in the Arabian Gulf, I was privileged to meet so many people whom I am deeply grateful for their company and assistance. I thank the staff at Sheikh Khalifa Medical Centre in Abu Dhabi, the clinical staff at Health Care City in Dubai, the staff at the Lime Tree Café, and, of course, all of the people of the Emirates who gave me their time, energy, and friendship. Many thanks go to Reem and Joumana for instructing me in Arabic, and to Lorna, Vishakha, Luke and Steve for joining me along the way, and especially to Matt T. for every Tuesday night spent at the only stand- alone pub in Dubai. I also thank Iain and Lou, the best friends a man could ask for, who helped make four years in the desert seem all too short a time. I am immensely grateful to Roland Littlewood whose guidance and insight has been invaluable over the years, whose work inspired me to study anthropology, and for every coffee he has ever shared with me on the patio of the Fitzrovia, and to Simon Dein, whose humour, friendship and critique helped shape the chapters of this thesis. It has been one of the greatest privileges in my life to spend these past few years with UCL anthropology, and I thank the academic staff for every moment. I especially thank David Napier, Joe Calabrese, Sahra Gibbon, Alex Pillen, Charles Stewart, Allan Abramson, Martin Holbraad and Suzanne Kuechler for their support over the years in all my endeavours. My appreciation extends as well to the admin staff of the department for all their help. 7 It has been one of my greatest pleasures to work with my fellow students in the department. Their research is a constant reminder of the vivid and beautiful complexity of culture, and I thank them for sharing their experiences and challenging my own. I am especially grateful to Alison MacDonald, Timothy Carroll, Galina Oustinova- Stjepanovic, Alice Elliott, Matan Shapiro, Matthew Thomas, Bram Van Leeuwan for every comment, critique and discussion of my work. I thank also the members of the Medical Anthropology and Biosociality research groups, the ‘Deleuzionals’, the ‘Chaotics’, the CROC Research group, and all the regular attendees at the medical anthropology seminar series whose long discussions have shaped the way I understand the world. Finally, I thank my parents, Tom and Sherrill, and my brothers Drew and Avery, for being an unending source of love and confidence in a large, chaotic and often confusing world. I thank also Jim and Marie Davidson for their support and encouragement over the years. My deepest gratitude and love goes to my wife, Annie, who has travelled with me to many corners of the Earth, and whose presence and strength could make even the most barren desert landscape feel like home, and to my daughter Tesla, who fills my life with joy, and who is a beacon of light whenever the mind needs direction. 8 Chapter 1 Thee and Me There was a Door to which I found no Key: There was a Veil past which I could not see: Some little Talk awhile of ME and THEE There seemed---and then no more of THEE and ME.1 1 Figure 1: Rubaiyat XXXII. Omar Khayyam. Artist: René Bull. Work: Illustrations for The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, 1913. Medium: Watercolor and pen and ink XXXII 9 Introduction Al Dhiyafa on December 2nd It only rains a few days every year in Dubai. My first year in the city I counted five days of rain. If there were more, I missed them, drizzling in the middle of the night, or seconds of precipitation across patches of the city, enough to leave stains of water droplets on pavement or smoothed-over sand, evaporating in seconds. Dubai’s wonderful thoroughfares, the Sheikh Zayed, Al Dhiyafa and Jumeirah Roads are nonetheless lined with green landscaping: long carpets of grass, flowers, and date trees. It does not matter that it rains so seldom, the government waters the public lawns three or four times daily, without which the plants would die within hours, consumed by the oppressive sun. Emirati men say “Cities need to have some green, it is worth using the water”. Many environmentalists disagree, but I admit that I found the landscaping to be a powerful aesthetic. In areas of the city where green is scarce, Al Qouz and its neighbourhoods to the south where migrant camps house South Asian labour, the unforgiving force of the desert re-enters the imagination. On Sheikh Zayed, desert flowers, grass and plants are shaped into long calligraphy and Arab mosaic patterns that separate service streets from a 14 lane highway.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arabization and Linguistic Domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa Mohand Tilmatine
    Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa Mohand Tilmatine To cite this version: Mohand Tilmatine. Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa. Language Empires in Comparative Perspective, DE GRUYTER, pp.1-16, 2015, Koloniale und Postkoloniale Linguistik / Colonial and Postcolonial Linguistics, 978-3-11-040836-2. hal-02182976 HAL Id: hal-02182976 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02182976 Submitted on 14 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa Mohand Tilmatine To cite this version: Mohand Tilmatine. Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa. Language Empires in Comparative Perspective, DE GRUYTER, pp.1-16, 2015, Koloniale und Postkoloniale Linguistik / Colonial and Postcolonial Linguistics 978-3-11-040836-2. hal-02182976 HAL Id: hal-02182976 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02182976 Submitted on 14 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not.
    [Show full text]
  • Genes and Djinn: Identity and Anxiety in Southeast Arabia
    Genes and Djinn: Identity and Anxiety in Southeast Arabia Aaron Lee Parkhurst University College London Department of Anthropology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 1 Declaration ‘ I, Aaron Lee Parkhurst, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.' 2 Abstract This thesis focuses on the ways in which identity is constructed in the United Arab Emirates in the face of rapid development and immigration. The thesis draws upon ethnographic data collected over three years in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, among other Arabian Gulf communities, to explore how foreign knowledge systems, specifically genetic models of inheritance, are incorporated into indigenous bodies of knowledge to reshape the ways in which local people see themselves in the world. Long held Gulf Arab conceptions of the self and body in relation to nature, spirits and foreigners are challenged by the promises of globalization and modernity. This conflict creates both personal and social anxiety for many local people as they attempt to consolidate desert and Islamic tradition with the ambiguity of new urban and social landscapes, creating a metaphor between Gene and Djinn. This thesis follows this conflict ethnographically through the rapid construction of a new aristocratic class of citizens in the country, and the ways in which some of them imagine their downfall. As people move through the desert, the coast and the rapidly growing cities, their quest for an elusive notion of modernity ricochets into local systems of destiny, cosmology, agency, body practices, and kinship, and the languages one uses to articulate the ‘self’ and world are transformed.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Religious Culture Journal Für Religionskultur
    ________________________________________________________________ Journal of Religious Culture Journal für Religionskultur Ed. by / Hrsg. von Edmund Weber in Association with / in Zusammenarbeit mit Matthias Benad Institute for Irenics / Institut für Wissenschaftliche Irenik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main ISSN 1434-5935- © E.Weber – E-mail: [email protected] ________________________________________________________________ No. 95 (2008) Shin, Cin, and Jinn in Far East Asian, Central East Asian, and Middle Eastern Cultures. Case Studies in Transethnic Communication by Exchange of Terminology for Elementary Spiritual Concepts of Ethic Groups By Fee-Alexandra Haase• Abstract Methodology and Objects: Methodologically, from a diachronic linguistics perspective regarding the concept of the shin, spirits in folk belief in China and neighbouring cultures, we compare texts that comprise meanings a) historically in the local language and b) compared to the meanings of equivalent terms in languages of other cultures. Comparing sources of this belief, we examine if and how the shin belief can serve as an example of communication across cultural borders including practical forms of worshipping. Argumentation: We argue that the concept of the shin is across cultural and national borders a result from folk culture transcending political or cultural borders transmitted via migration of ethnic groups. • Dr. Fee-Alexandra Haase, Assoc. Professor, Cyprus International University, North Cyprus 2 Although similar, mind concepts of different cultures and groups never melted; evidence for this independence gives the Islamic distinctive separation between shin and jinn in this area in the Chinese Quran and other spiritual Chinese writings. On the other hand, the practice of worshipping is similar. Conclusions: A spiritual concept like shin varies in practice in different areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Aquatic Architecture Monography
    Zbyszko BUJNIEWICZ CONTEMPORARY AQUATIC ARCHITECTURE PART 1. STUDY AND INVESTIGATIONS PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MONOGRAPHY GLIWICE 2019 0 Opiniodawcy. Consultants Dr hab. inż. arch. Mirosław BOGDAN, prof. Politechniki Opolskiej PhD (DSc) Hab. Eng. Arch., Professor of the Opole University of Technology Dr hab. inż. arch. Bogusław SZUBA, prof. PWSZ w Nysie PhD (DSc) Hab. Eng. Arch., Professor of the University of Applied Sciences (PWSZ) in Nysa Kolegium redakcyjne. Editorial Board REDAKTOR NACZELNY - Chief Editor − Prof. dr hab. inż. Andrzej BUCHACZ, Prof., PhD (DSc) Hab., Eng. REDAKTOR DZIAŁU - Section Editor − Dr hab. inż. arch. Beata KOMAR, PhD (DSc) Hab., Eng., Arch. SEKRETARZ REDAKCJI - Secretary of the Editorial Office − Mgr Jolanta NIDERLA-WITKOWSKA, MA/MSc Wydano za zgodą Rektora Politechniki Śląskiej Published with the approval of Rector of the Silesian University of Technology Projekt okładki Design of the cover Zbyszko BUJNIEWICZ Picture CITY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Valencia. Architect: Santiago Calatrava. Photo: Z. Bujniewicz. Wydanie 2, angielskie, zmienione I poprawione Revised english edition 2 Tłumaczenie Translated by Monika Cesarz ISBN 978-83-7880-629-5 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej Gliwice 2019 The moment that nature enters into relationship with architecture it becomes no longer whole. It changes its appearance and is reduced to elements like light, wind, water or sky. Light, wind, water or sky become the symbol of nature. Nature, which up to that point has remained definite, becomes, through its resonance with the geometry embodied in the architecture, an abstraction. Tadao Ando1 1 Tadao Ando, [w:] Levene R.C., Ce1cila F.M. (2000), Tadao Ando 1983-2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Law Perspective Regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago
    Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.3 (2021), 2912-2919 Research Article Islamic Law Perspective regarding the Weretiger in the Malay Archipelago Abdulrahman M.A.Albelaihi1, Mohd SyukriYeoh Abdullah2, Amani Ali Elmetwaly3 1School of Human Development and Techno-communication, University Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia 2Institute of the Malay World and Civilization (ATMA), National University of Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Science and Humanity, University Malaysia [email protected], [email protected],[email protected] Article History: Received: 10 November 2020; Revised: 12 January 2021; Accepted: 27 January 2021; Published online: 05 April 2021 Abstract:This article discusses the origin, traits and role of the Weretiger within the context in Malay Archipelago communities. The Weretiger is type of Jinn that existence pre-dates human and its‟ relationship with human have been establish prior to Islam. The Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago see‟s that a syncretisation of old tradition into Islam and thus the practice of Weretiger still exists until todays. The scholar (ulama) are still debating in the Islamic Law perspective not just the ties between Weretiger and human but Jinn and human as whole using references from Al-Qur‟an, Hadith and previous scholarly works. Keyword:Weretiger - Jinn - Scholar 1. Introduction TheWeretiger discipline is a type of knowledge that is taught and practice in the Malay Archipelago (Alam Melayu)1 prior to the coming of Islam. The purpose of this knowledge is to protect the practitioner, his family and wealth from any threat whether it is physically or spiritually. The practitioner of this knowledge is bound by several conditions and agreement with the Weretiger and this knowledge are still in practice generation by generation even after the Islamisation of the Malay Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia.Pdf
    A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • Dubai - the United Arab Emirates
    Sydney (+61 2) 8825 9300 Melbourne (+61 3) 9799 5800 Brisbane (+61 7) 3348 2500 www.ossworldwidemovers.com Dubai - The United Arab Emirates Dubai is truly a unique destination. Situated in the UAE, the world’s 31st popular tourism destination and the Arab World’s most popular, Dubai is both a dynamic business hub and a tourist’s paradise. The emirate offers more attractions, shopping, fine dining and quality hotels than virtually any other destination on the planet. In 2012, Dubai welcomed over 10 million visitors from around the world, which is an increase of 9.3% from the previous year. It also ranked 8th place globally in terms of tourist spending in the same year. From the timeless tranquillity of the desert to the lively bustle of the souks, the city presents a fantastic ensemble of attractions and activities for its visitors and residents. In a single day, one can experience everything from rugged mountains and breathtaking dunes to white sandy beaches and lush, beautifully landscaped parks, from dated villages to luxurious residential districts, and from traditional houses with wind towers to ultra-modern shopping centres. The emirate’s scoring point’s lie in its entrepreneurial abilities to create the inconceivable found in its tourist attractions, landmarks, shopping centres, nightlife and hotels. Although it strictly safeguards its traditional practices, it allows space for other religions to breathe, a rare quality amongst the conservative Arab world. Thankfully, it has been successful in shielding itself from extremism, much-needed for it to survive. Today, Dubai has emerged as a cosmopolitan metropolis that has grown steadily to become a global city and a business and cultural hub of the Middle East and the Persian Gulf region.
    [Show full text]
  • KHUTBA Friday 06.01.12 English
    KHUTBA Friday 06.01.12 English Story of Prophet Solomon (pbuh) Part 2 of 2 All thanks are due to Allah, the Most-Generous. I bear witness that there is nothing worthy of worship except him. He has no partners. May Allah send peace and blessings upon his final messenger. And then, Servants of Allah, today we will talk about Prophet Solomon (PBUH) story with the Hoopoe. He set out to find the hoopoe bird, which could detect water under the ground. He sent signals all over the hoopoe to call on him, but it was nowhere to be found. In anger, he declared that unless the bird had a good reason for its absence, he would punish it severely. The hoopoe eventually came to Solomon and explained the reason for its delay. "I have discovered something of which you are not aware. I have come from Sheba (Sab'a) with important news." Solomon became curious, and his anger subsided. The bird continued: Sab'a is ruled by a queen named Bilkis (Bilqis), who has plenty of everything, including a splendid throne. But in spite of all this wealth, Satan has entered her heart and the hearts of her people. She rules their minds completely. I was shocked to learn that they worship the sun instead of Allah the Almighty." To check the hoopoe's information, Solomon sent a letter to the queen with the bird. He instructed the bird to remain hidden and to watch everything. The Queen of Sheba Sends Gifts The hoopoe dropped the letter in front of the queen and flew away to hide.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epitome of Bad Parents: Construction of Good and Bad Parenting
    The Epitome of Bad Parents: Construction of Good and Bad Parenting, Mothering, and Fathering in Cases of Maternal and Paternal Filicide A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology of the College of Arts and Sciences by Amy Baumann Grau M.A. University of Cincinnati September 2009 Committee Chair: Anna Linders, Ph.D. Abstract. Motherhood, fatherhood, and parenthood are often treated as universal constructs. This is especially true in the construction of good and bad motherhood, fatherhood, and parenthood. However, as previous research such as that by Collins (2009), Glenn (1994), and Risman (1998) all demonstrate, parenting is affected by both race and gender. In this dissertation, I show that the social construction of motherhood, fatherhood, and parenthood are gendered and racialized. Specifically, I focused on media portrayals of the crime of filicide, or the murder of a child by its parents, to show the gendering and racialization of parenthood. I chose media portrayals of filicide as the focal site for this research precisely because it is divergent from “normal” parenting activities. I examined twenty-five cases of filicide that were committed by thirty-three parents. I conducted a qualitative content analysis of 372 stories about these thirty-three parents from stories that I collected from local television news affiliate websites. Cases were limited to those in which it was reported that the parent(s) had been convicted of a charge in relation to the death of their child between June 10, 2010 and June 10, 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Bonding, Parenting Stress, and Executive Functioning in Toddlerhood
    J Child Fam Stud DOI 10.1007/s10826-017-0679-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Bonding, Parenting Stress, and Executive Functioning in Toddlerhood 1 1,2 1 Evi S. A. de Cock ● Jens Henrichs ● Theo A. Klimstra ● 1,3 1,4 1,5 A. Janneke B. M. Maas ● Charlotte M. J. M. Vreeswijk ● Wim H. J. Meeus ● Hedwig J. A. van Bakel6,7 © The Author(s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Early executive functioning is an important pre- over time. In addition, for both parents a negative indirect dictor for future development of children’s cognitive skills effect of bonding on child executive functioning problems and behavioral outcomes. Parenting behavior has proven to was found via experienced parenting stress. These findings be a key environmental determinant of child executive indicate the importance of monitoring parents who experi- functioning. However, the association of parental affect and ence a low level and quality of early parent-child bonding, cognitions directed to the child with child executive func- as this makes them vulnerable to parenting stress, conse- tioning has been understudied. Therefore, in the present quently putting their children at risk for developing study we examine the associations between parental bond- executive functioning problems. ing (i.e., the affective tie from parent to child), parenting stress, and child executive functioning. At 26 weeks of Keywords Maternal bonding ● Paternal bonding ● Prenatal pregnancy, and at 6 months and 24 months postpartum the bonding ● Parenting stress ● Executive functioning quality of the maternal (N = 335) and paternal (N = 261) bond with the infant was assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Ethnicity in Santiago De Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space
    Urban Ethnicity in Santiago de Chile Mapuche Migration and Urban Space vorgelegt von Walter Alejandro Imilan Ojeda Von der Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften Dr.-Ing. genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Johannes Cramer Berichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter Herrle Berichter: Prof. Dr. phil. Jürgen Golte Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 18.12.2008 Berlin 2009 D 83 Acknowledgements This work is the result of a long process that I could not have gone through without the support of many people and institutions. Friends and colleagues in Santiago, Europe and Berlin encouraged me in the beginning and throughout the entire process. A complete account would be endless, but I must specifically thank the Programme Alßan, which provided me with financial means through a scholarship (Alßan Scholarship Nº E04D045096CL). I owe special gratitude to Prof. Dr. Peter Herrle at the Habitat-Unit of Technische Universität Berlin, who believed in my research project and supported me in the last five years. I am really thankful also to my second adviser, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Golte at the Lateinamerika-Institut (LAI) of the Freie Universität Berlin, who enthusiastically accepted to support me and to evaluate my work. I also owe thanks to the protagonists of this work, the people who shared their stories with me. I want especially to thank to Ana Millaleo, Paul Paillafil, Manuel Lincovil, Jano Weichafe, Jeannette Cuiquiño, Angelina Huainopan, María Nahuelhuel, Omar Carrera, Marcela Lincovil, Andrés Millaleo, Soledad Tinao, Eugenio Paillalef, Eusebio Huechuñir, Julio Llancavil, Juan Huenuvil, Rosario Huenuvil, Ambrosio Ranimán, Mauricio Ñanco, the members of Wechekeche ñi Trawün, Lelfünche and CONAPAN.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf
    Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf This volume presents a study of transnational cultural flows in the Gulf region and beyond. It combines an understanding of the region’s historical connections with the outside world and an assessment of contemporary consequences of these connections. In the context of current theoretical debates, empirical case studies are presented to demonstrate that the Gulf is not only an exporter of oil and capital, but also of culture and religion. As these travel to distant locations, they are transformed in ways not intended by those who initiated the process – at the same time, the Gulf remains an importer of labour, the latest technology, economic skills and ideas, whose roots are no longer possible to locate. Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf challenges both the definition of globalisation and transnationalism as one way processes generated mainly by the Western World and the view that transnationalism is solely a twentieth century phenomenon. The authors collected here analyse and map historical and contemporary manifestations of transnational networks within this region, linking them to wider debates on society, identity and political culture. This volume will interest students and researchers of politics, the Middle East, anthropology and transnationalism. Madawi Al-Rasheed is Professor of Anthropology of Religion at King’s College, University of London. Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf Edited by Madawi Al-Rasheed Contents List of illustrations ix List of contributors xi Acknowledgements
    [Show full text]