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The Image of Spain in Dutch Travel Writing (1860-1960) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The image of Spain in Dutch travel writing (1860-1960) Coenen, A.J.L. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Coenen, A. J. L. (2013). The image of Spain in Dutch travel writing (1860-1960). Uitgeverij BOXPress. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 THE IMAGE OF SPAIN IN DUTCH TRAVEL WRITING TRAVEL IN DUTCH SPAIN THE IMAGE OF THE IMAGE OF SPAIN IN DUTCH TRAVEL WRITING (1860-1960) UITNODIGINGUITNODIGING Graag nodigen wij u uit Graag nodigen wij u uit voor het diner waarmee we voor het diner waarmee we de dag van Lily’s promotie de dag van Lily’s promotie feestelijk willen afsluiten. feestelijk willen afsluiten. Het diner begint Het diner begint om 19.30 uur en vindt plaats om 19.30 uur en vindt plaats in het huiskamerrestaurant in het huiskamerrestaurant THE COOKERY, THE COOKERY, Valeriusstraat 250hs, Amsterdam. Valeriusstraat 250hs, Amsterdam. (1860-1960) Wij verzoeken u om Wij verzoeken u om vóór 30 augustus a.s. aan één van ons vóór 30 augustus a.s. aan één van ons door te geven of u bij het diner aanwezig door te geven of u bij het diner aanwezig zult zijn en of u Lily tijdens het diner zou zult zijn en of u Lily tijdens het diner zou willen toespreken. willen toespreken. De paranimfen De paranimfen Lily Coenen Hanneke van der Korst Hanneke van der Korst ([email protected] ([email protected] of 0756402271) of 0756402271) Liesbeth Kraetzer Liesbeth Kraetzer Lily Coenen ([email protected]) ([email protected]) THE IMAGE OF SPAIN IN DUTCH TRAVEL WRITING (1860-1960) Lily Coenen Cover illustration: Jan Sluijters, Spaanse danseres Cover design: Proefschriftmaken.nl || Uitgeverij BOXPress Printed & Lay Out by: Proefschriftmaken.nl || Uitgeverij BOXPress Published by: Uitgeverij BOXPress, ’s-Hertogenbosch THE IMAGE OF SPAIN IN DUTCH TRAVEL WRITING (1860-1960) ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op vrijdag 13 september 2013, te 16.00 uur door Alida Johanna Louise Coenen geboren te Haarlem Promotor: prof. dr. J.Th. Leerssen Overige leden: dr. A.J. Drace-Francis prof. dr. L. Kuitert prof. dr. N. Lie prof. dr. M. Steenmeijer prof. dr. M.J. Wintle Faculteit Geesteswetenschappen TABLE OF CONTENTS Dankwoord ...................................................IV Introduction ...................................................1 Travel Writing: Definition of a Genre .............................3 Traveller or Tourist? ..........................................4 Imagological Relevance of Travel Writing .........................6 Theoretical Framework . 12 • Criteria for the Corpus-Selection ............................12 • A Model of Stereotypic Contents’ Formation and Change .........13 The Structure of this Dissertation ...............................17 Chapter I: The Image of Spain in the Rest of Europe ................19 Multicoloured Legends .......................................20 Historical Context ...........................................20 Origins and Development of the Black Legend . 23 Travel Writing and the Romantic Image of Spain ...................25 Regional Differences .........................................31 The Image of Spain in the Netherlands ...........................35 Chapter II: Dutch Travellers in Spain (1860-1900) ..................43 1. Gerard Keller, “Een Zomer in het Zuiden” (1863/1864) ...........44 The Spanish National Character . 46 Formation of the Image Content .............................48 2. Abraham Capadose, “Herinneringen uit Spanje” (1864) ..........52 The Spanish National Character . 54 Formation of the Image Content .............................55 3. Adrien Louis Herman Obreen, “In Spanje. Reisindrukken” (1884) ..56 The Spanish National Character . 57 Formation of the Image Content .............................59 4. Marcellus Emants, “Uit Spanje: schetsen” (1886) ...............60 The Spanish National Character . 61 Formation of the Image Content .............................62 V 5. Jozef Israëls, “Spanje. Een reisverhaal” (1899) .................66 The Spanish National Character . 68 Formation of the Image Content .............................69 Chapter III: Dutch Travellers in Spain (1900-1936) ..................73 1. C.M. Vissering, “Uit Spanje” (1905) ..........................74 The Spanish National Character . 75 Formation of the Image Content .............................76 2. Maurits Wagenvoort, “Van Madrid naar Teheran” (1907) ..........77 The Spanish National Character . 78 Formation of the Image Content .............................80 3. Henri van Wermeskerken, “Door Spanje. Schetsen en Verhalen” (1910) ..................................................83 The Spanish National Character . 84 Formation of the Image Content .............................85 4. Louis Couperus, “Spaansch toerisme” (1915) ...................87 The Spanish National Character . 89 Formation of the Image Content .............................90 5. Felix Rutten, “Spanje” (1924) ...............................92 The Spanish National Character . 94 Formation of the Image Content .............................95 6. Henri Ch.G.J. van der Mandere, “Indrukken uit Spanje. Reisherinneringen en opmerkingen” (1929) ....................97 The Spanish National Character . 98 Formation of the Image Content ............................100 7. Jos. Janssen, “Een reis door Spanje” (1934) ...................102 The Spanish National Character . .103 Formation of the Image Content ............................105 Chapter IV: Dutch Travellers in Spain (1950-1960) .................109 1. Bert Schierbeek, “Op reis door Spanje” (1952) ................110 The Spanish National Character . .112 Formation of the Image Content ............................114 2. Hans Alma, “Carmen zonder Make-up. Vrijmoedig verhaal over een vreemde reis door het Spanje van heden (1952) .............117 The Spanish National Character . .118 Formation of the Image Content ............................120 VI 3. Jacques den Haan, “Bevindelijk reisboek” (1958) ..............124 The Spanish National Character . .125 Formation of the Image Content ............................127 Chapter V: The Image of Spain in Dutch Travel Writing (1860-1960). Survey and Analysis ...........................................131 The Spanish National Character . 133 • Scope of Meaning of the Stereotypes .........................134 • Contrasting Pairs .......................................134 • Evolution of the Stereotypes ...............................135 Typicality Effect ............................................138 • The Bullfight ...........................................138 • The Gypsies ............................................140 Formation of the Image Content ...............................141 • Self-image .............................................141 • Past Relations ..........................................143 • Politics/Religion ........................................144 • Travel/Tourism ..........................................148 • Intertextual References ...................................149 Intertextuality and Ethnotypes .................................162 ‘Spain is Different’: The Discourse of Exoticism ..................166 Conclusion ..................................................173 Postscript ...................................................179 Appendix: Original Text of the Quotes ...........................183 Bibliography .................................................205 Summary ....................................................213 Samenvatting .................................................223 VII DANKWOORD Op 8 april 2010 gaf ik in de Oudemanhuispoort een afscheidscollege ter gelegenheid van het feit dat een week daarvoor mijn aanstelling als docent aan de opleiding Europese Studies van de Universiteit van Amsterdam was beëindigd. De titel van het college was “Wat dunkt u van Spanje?” Het beeld van de Spanjaard in de Nederlandse reisliteratuur uit de Franco-tijd. In de laatste jaren van mijn loopbaan aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam was mijn interesse steeds meer uitgegaan naar de beeldvorming, en met name de geschiedenis van het beeld dat in Noord Europa bestond en bestaat van het land waarop mijn eigen universitaire opleiding ooit was gericht: Spanje. Een van de vakken die ik bij de opleiding Europese Studies met veel plezier had ontwikkeld en gedoceerd
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