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A New Species of Isometrus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Southern India

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A New Species of Isometrus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Southern India A new species of Isometrus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern India Shauri Sulakhe, Nikhil Dandekar, Shomen Mukherjee, Malay Pandey, Makarand Ketkar, Anand Padhye & Deshabhushan Bastawade May 2020 — No. 310 Euscorpius Occasional Publications in Scorpiology EDITOR: Victor Fet, Marshall University, ‘[email protected]’ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Michael E. Soleglad, ‘[email protected]’ TECHNICAL EDITOR: František Kovařík, ‘[email protected]’ Euscorpius is the first research publication completely devoted to scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Euscorpius takes advantage of the rapidly evolving medium of quick online publication, at the same time maintaining high research standards for the burgeoning field of scorpion science (scorpiology).Euscorpius is an expedient and viable medium for the publication of serious papers in scorpiology, including (but not limited to): systematics, evolution, ecology, biogeography, and general biology of scorpions. Review papers, descriptions of new taxa, faunistic surveys, lists of museum collections, and book reviews are welcome. Derivatio Nominis The name Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 refers to the most common genus of scorpions in the Mediterranean region and southern Europe (family Euscorpiidae). Euscorpius is located at: https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/ Archive of issues 1-270 see also at: http://www.science.marshall.edu/fet/Euscorpius (Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-2510, USA) ICZN COMPLIANCE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS: Electronic (“e-only”) publications are fully compliant with ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts) when properly archived and registered. All Euscorpius issues starting from No. 156 (2013) are archived in two electronic archives: • Biotaxa, http://biotaxa.org/Euscorpius (ICZN-approved and ZooBank-enabled) • Marshall Digital Scholar, http://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/. (This website also archives all Euscorpius issues previously published on CD-ROMs.) Between 2000 and 2013, ICZN did not accept online texts as “published work” (Article 9.8). At this time, Euscorpius was produced in two identical versions: online (ISSN 1536-9307) and CD-ROM (ISSN 1536-9293) (laser disk) in archive-quality, read-only format. Both versions had the identical date of publication, as well as identical page and figure numbers. Only copies distributed on a CD-ROM from Euscorpius in 2001-2012 represent published work in compliance with the ICZN, i.e. for the purposes of new names and new nomenclatural acts. In September 2012, ICZN Article 8. What constitutes published work, has been amended and allowed for electronic publications, disallowing publication on optical discs. From January 2013, Euscorpius discontinued CD-ROM production; only online electronic version (ISSN 1536-9307) is published. For further details on the new ICZN amendment, see http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/. Publication date: 19 May 2020 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8E9FB568-E1F1-4537-8ACB-9A6325C8708D Euscorpius - Occasional Publications in Scorpiology. 2020, No. 310 A new species of Isometrus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from southern India Shauri Sulakhe1, Nikhil Dandekar1, Shomen Mukherjee2, 4, Malay Pandey2, Makarand Ketkar1, Anand Padhye1, 3 & Deshabhushan Bastawade1 1 Institute of Natural History Education and Research (INHER), C26/9, Ketan Heights, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra – 411038, India. 2 School of Arts and Sciences, Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, Karnataka – 562125, India. 3 Department of Zoology, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Karve Road, Pune, Maharashtra – 411004, India 4 Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangaluru. Karnataka, – 562125, India Email (corresponding author): [email protected] http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8E9FB568-E1F1-4537-8ACB-9A6325C8708D Summary A new species of Isometrus (Buthidae) is described from India using integrated taxonomic approach. Isometrus kovariki sp. n. is closely related to I. thurstoni, and differs in morphological features and raw genetic divergence of more than 9%. Introduction Methods, Materials & Abbreviations The Indian fauna of the scorpion genus Isometrus Ehrenberg, Sampling was carried out in Chikkadunnasandra (12.85°N 1828, includes four species (Kovařík, 2003; Sulakhe et al., 77.76°E, 893 m a. s. l.), Bangalore, Karnataka State, India. 2020). These are: the type species, Isometrus maculatus Specimens were located with the help of ultraviolet light (The (DeGeer, 1778), I. thurstoni Pocock, 1893, and two recently Scorpionator, Model: Scorpion Master). A total of 9 specimens described species from northern Western Ghats of India, I. were collected (7 males and 2 females). Photographs of holotype tamhini Sulakhe et al., 2020 and I. amboli Sulakhe et al., 2020. and paratype were taken using Nikon D90, 105mm F2.8 micro I. maculatus is a cosmopolitan species found in more than 70 lens and R1 flash kit. Specimens were euthanized and preserved countries (Kovařík, 2003). Records in India show the presence in absolute ethanol, and later transferred to 70% ethanol in of this species in the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil collection jars for long term preservation. Examination and Nadu, West Bengal and Meghalaya (Kovařík, 2003; Fet & morphological measurements were done using LEICA EZ4HD Lowe, 2000). It has an ambiguous type locality with original microscope with LEICA application suite. Morphometry listing from “Suriname and Pennsylvania”; however, this was performed following Stahnke (1971); morphological species is assumed to have originated from South Asia (Fet terminology follows Hjelle (1990). Measurements were & Lowe, 2000). The remaining three species of this genus taken (in mm) for 38 morphological characters (Table 1). The from India include I. thurstoni described from Shevaroy Hills trichobothrial terminology follows Vachon (1974). (Tamil Nadu), I. tamhini from Tamhini, Pune (Maharashtra), Specimens are deposited in the museum collections of Bombay and I. amboli from Amboli, Sindhudurg (Maharashtra). While Natural History Society (BNHS), Mumbai and Institute of I. thurstoni is distributed in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Natural History Education and Research (INHER), Research Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India. (Pocock, 1893; Tikader & Bastawade, 1983; Fet & Lowe, Comparative material examined: 2000) and in Sri Lanka (Pocock 1900), I. tamhini and I. Isometrus tamhini Sulakhe et al., 2020 amboli are known only from their type localities. In view of Type material and 1♂ (INHER-170), India, Maharashtra State, the cosmopolitan distribution of I. maculatus, which might Pune District, Saltar Khind, near Ambawne, 18.58°N 73.36°E, indicate cryptic speciation within this genus, it is essential to 743 m a. s. l., 21 July 2019, leg. S. Sulakhe, S. Deshpande. study this genus based on integrated taxonomy (Sulakhe et Isometrus amboli Sulakhe et al., 2020 al. 2020). In this communication, we describe a new species Type material and 1♂ (INHER-161, India, Maharashtra State, of Isometrus from southern India, discovered during recent Sindhudurg District, Amboli, 15.94°N 74.00°E, 872 m a. s. l., scorpion surveys. 30 August 2019, leg. S. Sulakhe. 2 Euscorpius - 2020, No. 310 Figure 1. Isometrus kovariki sp. n., male holotype, in vivo habitus. Morphometric data used for comparison and analysis of the primers LCO1490 and HCO2198 (Folmer et al., 1994). I. thurstoni, I. maculatus, I. tamhini and I. amboli has been A 25 μl PCR reaction (TaKaRa Taq™ DNA Polymerase ) sourced from Sulakhe et al. (2020). was set containing 1 unit of Taq DNA polymerase (0.2μL), 2.5μL of 10x buffer, 2 μl of dNTPs (2.5mM each), 2 μl Statistical Analysis (5mM) of each primer, 2μl template DNA, and 14.3 μl of water, carried out with an Miniamp Thermal Cycler. Thermal Multivariate normality of the data was checked following cycler profiles used for amplification were as follows: 95° C Doornik & Hansen (2008). A discriminant function analysis for 3 min (denaturation temperature 95° C for 30 seconds, (DFA) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) factors was annealing temperature 50° C for 30 seconds, elongation conducted to assess the degree of morphological differentiation temperature 72° C for 1 minute) x 35 cycles, 72° C for 7 among the new species and their closest relatives. In order minutes, hold at 4° C. PCR product was cleaned through to nullify the influence of body size, PCA were performed column purification method with Barcode Biosciences PCR using 25 size-corrected morphometric parameters taken from Cleanup Kit and sequenced with a 3730 DNA Analyzer. The adults of both sexes. Sets of 25 predictor variables were sequencing primers were the same as those used in the PCRs. generated from PCA and all PCA factor scores were used as All sequences were deposited in the GenBank (http://www. input variables for DFA to determine the classification success ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) under accession numbers as per Table 4. of our samples (Sulakhe et al., 2020). PCA and DFA were The sequences were also checked on the Blast tool to performed using the statistical software PAST 3.25 (Hammer find the closest available sequences and the related ones et al., 2001). were downloaded for analysis. Gene sequences were aligned using MUSCLE (Edgar, 2004). Molecular phylogenetic Molecular Analysis analysis was performed using MEGA 6 (Tamura et al., 2013). Pairwise raw phylogenetic distances were calculated
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