DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Competition and Social Organization: Explaining the Effect of Ethnicity on Public Service Delivery in Pakistan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Competition and Social Organization: Explaining the Effect of Ethnicity on Public Service Delivery in Pakistan Political Competition and Social Organization: Explaining the Effect of Ethnicity on Public Service Delivery in Pakistan Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Aisha Shafique, B.A., M.Sc., M.A. Department of Political Science The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Sarah M. Brooks, Advisor Marcus Kurtz Irfan Nooruddin Copyright by Aisha Shafique 2013 Abstract In the study of ethnicity on public goods provision, the concept of ethnicity has largely been under specified, resulting in ambiguity in what specific attributes of ethnicity can prove to be deleterious to public goods provision. This dissertation focuses on how two specific aspects of ethnicity, rigidity of ethnic boundaries and internal ethnic social organization, affect preferences for public goods provision. Fearon (1999) argues that nonporous ethnic boundaries facilitate forming minimum winning coalitions based on ethnic identity as they more easily exclude others from sharing benefits. Hence, I argue that this lowers trust between ethnic groups as they fear that whoever comes into power will hoard government resources. It is thus not inherent antipathy as posited in many works on ethnic politics but political competition that drives preferences for private over public goods in diverse polities. Using Pakistan’s recent devolution as a natural experiment, I show using in-depth surveys that introducing political competition at the union council level of local government led to a perceived increase in political significance of local kinship identities. Comparing a homogeneous union council in southern Punjab with an ethnically diverse union council I find that the homogeneous polity is more likely to vote by ethnicity, prefer private goods over public goods, and prefer public goods provision in the regime before the local government system. Yet, when asked who should benefit from a hypothetical public goods project, they were as ii likely to stipulate the entire community irrespective of identity as was the homogeneous polity, illustrating that it is not inherent antipathy that leads to politicization of ethnicity, but the fear of being locked out of politics. While studying the effect of social organization of ethnic groups on public goods outcomes, I compare districts that vary in tribalism, and hence internal hierarchy, in Balochistan. I find that though public goods such as health are not strongly correlated with tribalism, there is emerging evidence that education outcomes are better in less tribal districts. This is consistent with theories that suggest that education politicizes individuals and is more threatening to asymmetric power structures. Using in-depth surveys in three districts in Balochistan that vary by internal hierarchy, I find that though preferences for public goods did not vary by tribalism among respondents, the most tribal district was also the most vulnerable to elite capture by the tribal leaders. Moreover, the disparity in education outcomes between rural areas in tribal and non-tribal polities is greater than the disparity in urban areas. This suggests that where internal ethnic structure is hierarchical and unchecked by competition, such as in rural areas, greater elite capture is more likely to result in under provision of public goods like education that can potentially disrupt extant power structures. iii Dedication Dedicated to my father, Dr. M.S. Shafique. iv Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of my advisor, Sarah Brooks. Not only did she provide me with detailed comments to focus and direct my work, but through the long delays in the completion of this project, she has proven that patience can indeed be infinite. I am in turn infinitely grateful to her for providing the support that allowed me to persist until the end. I absolutely cannot imagine a better dissertation advisor. For my field research, first I would like to thank Yousuf Esakhail Khan who opened the doors to Balochistan for me and went above and beyond to facilitate my gathering data and interviewing bureaucrats in the province, as well as providing an insider’s guide to the tribal systems there. I cannot express the depth of gratitude I have for his help. I am also very grateful to Abdul Waheed Baloch’s help in granting us access to the Gwadar district government. Though I cannot individually name everyone at the Gwadar district government who helped me, I am very appreciative of how transparent and willing they were in providing access to their district accounts. I am also grateful to Manzoor Ahmad Jatala for coordinating my trip in D.G. Khan and facilitating meeting and interviewing bureaucrats at the district offices there. The three NGOs responsible for conducting the surveys used extensively in this research are AwazCDS (AWAZ Foundation Pakistan: Centre for Development Services), Mahec Trust, and RCDC (Rural v Community Development Council) Gwadar. Though all three conducted the research in a professional manner and were supportive in getting it done within the limited resources available, I would like to extend a more personal thank you to Dr. Rashida Panezai of Mahec Trust for helping me choose the most appropriate survey method, Nasir Sohrabi from RCDC Gwadar for promptly responding to all queries before, during, and much after the surveys were conducted and to Surayya Faiz from AwazCDS, for her invaluable aid in translating the surveys and guiding me through my first session training surveyors. I owe Haider Zaidi for providing me direction in both designing surveys and recommending NGOs to conduct them in Quetta. I am also grateful to Q.M. Ahmed and A. Lodhi for so willingly sharing their data on the Provincial Finanace Commission Awards. My father I would like to thank for his help in research for this dissertation, the logistical support required in conducting this research and of course for his unfailing optimism on my being able to complete this project despite all the obstacles involved in conducting research in a third world country with limited data and limited access. My husband, Ahmed, I would like to thank for giving me the support to complete this without undue pressure and doing anything necessary to help me complete the project. Finally, I would like to thank my little daughter Amaya who let me know that it was time to overcome the research obstacles and tie up the loose ends. vi Vita May 1998………………………Lahore American School 1998-2001……………………...Faculty Scholarship Recipient, Ohio Wesleyan University 2001…………………………….B.A., University Honors, Magna Cum Laude, Ohio Wesleyan University 2002…………………………….Phi Beta Kappa 2002-2003………………………Teacher’s Assistant, Department of Economics, Lahore University of Management and Sciences 2003…………………………….M.Sc. Economics, Lahore University of Management and Sciences 2004…………………………….Teacher’s Associate, Professor Anjum Nasim, Department of Economics, Lahore University of Management and Sciences 2004……………………………..Ohio State University Graduate Fellowship 2005-2007……………………….Graduate Research Assistant, Ohio State University 2006……………………………..M.A. Political Science, Ohio State University 2007-2008……………………….Student Instructor, Department of Political Science, Ohio State University vii 2008……………………………..James C. Cotting Grant, Ohio State University 2009…………………………… Mershon Grant, Ohio State University Fields of Study Major Field: Political Science viii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................v Vita .................................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................x List of Figures ................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Research Design and Methodology .................................................................30 Chapter 3: Public Goods Provision Before Devolution .....................................................59 Chapter 4: Ethnic Politics and Public Goods .....................................................................97 Chapter 5: Ethnic Diversity in the District Council .........................................................170 Chapter 6: Social Organization and Public Goods ..........................................................200 Chapter 7: Conclusion......................................................................................................265 References ........................................................................................................................278 Appendix A: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms..............................................................299 Appendix B: Chapter 3 Variables ....................................................................................300 Appendix C: Sample
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Section Iv District Profiles Awaran
    SECTION IV DISTRICT PROFILES AWARAN Awaran district lies in the south of the Balochistan province. Awaran is known as oasis of AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION dates. The climate is that of a desert with hot summer and mild winter. Major crops include Total cultivated area (hectares) 23,600 wheat, barley, cotton, pulses, vegetable, fodder and fruit crops. There are three tehsils in the district: Awaran, Jhal Jhao and Mashkai. The district headquarter is located at Awaran. Total non-cultivated area (hectares) 187,700 Total area under irrigation (hectares) 22,725 Major rabi crop(s) Wheat, vegetable crops SOIL ATTRIBUTES Mostly barren rocks with shallow unstable soils Major kharif crop(s) Cotton, sorghum Soil type/parent material material followed by nearly level to sloppy, moderately deep, strongly calcareous, medium Total livestock population 612,006 textured soils overlying gravels Source: Crop Reporting Services, Balochistan; Agriculture Census 2010; Livestock Census 2006 Dominant soil series Gacheri, Khamara, Winder *pH Data not available *Electrical conductivity (dS m-1) Data not available Organic matter (%) Data not available Available phosphorus (ppm) Data not available Extractable potassium (ppm) Data not available Farmers availing soil testing facility (%) 2 (Based on crop production zone wise data) Farmers availing water testing facility (%) 0 (Based on crop production zone wise data) Source: District Soil Survey Reports, Soil Survey of Pakistan Farm Advisory Centers, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited (FFC) Inputs Use Assessment, FAO (2018) Land Cover Atlas of Balochistan (FAO, SUPARCO and Government of Balochistan) Source: Information Management Unit, FAO Pakistan *Soil pH and electrical conductivity were measured in 1:2.5, soil:water extract.
    [Show full text]
  • Cast and Baradri System and Voting Behavior in Pakistan (Elections 2018): a Case Study of Hafizabad District
    Cast and Baradri System and Voting Behavior in Pakistan (Elections 2018): A Case Study of Hafizabad District Karim Haider Muhammad Arshad Ali This study scrutinizes the impact of caste and Baradri system on voting behavior evolving from Pakistan’s general elections of 2018. Traditionally, the caste and Baradari system have been playing a substantial role in the elections of Pakistan since its birth especially in the region of Punjab. After the partition the evolution and modernization of electoral system and introduction of democratic institution in Pakistan never fully changed the customary value-system of the society of Punjab which is largely based on caste and Baradari system. With specific reference to caste and Baradari system in Punjab, an analytical research has been made to understand profound origins of Caste and Baradari System and its impact on the voting behavior of four selected constituencies, one of National Assembly and three of Provincial Assembly of Punjab in one of the districts of province of Punjab in general elections of 2018. Further, this study explains that the Punjab is based on social divergence with national political culture; therefore, the people of Punjab always look standing with the authoritarian rule which begins from family system and ends at national politics of Pakistan. Having majority seats in National Assembly the role of Punjab is very important and study about the voting behavior of the people of Punjab has special reference to national politics. Introduction Baradari defined as “brotherhood” initiated by the Persian language word Baradar meaning “brother”. Muslims of south Asian region especially in India and Pakistan, a large number of socialclasses are separated on the origin of Biradaris.
    [Show full text]
  • Floods on 30 June
    ANNUAL REPORT OF THE HUMANITARIAN/RESIDENT COORDINATOR ON THE USE OF CERF GRANTS Country Pakistan Humanitarian / Resident Coordinator Fikret Akcura Reporting Period 1 July to 31 October 2007 I. Executive Summary The combined effects of storms beginning on 23 June and Cyclone Yemyin on 26 June claimed approximately 245 lives across Pakistan. Baluchistan province was severely hit by flooding and the effects of the cyclone left some 2.5 million affected, including 300,000 displaced. Sindh province suffered flooding and storm damage while North West Frontier province was hit by flash floods on 30 June. About eighteen out of twenty-nine districts across Baluchistan were affected along with five districts in Sindh. Infrastructure was severely undermined with roads and bridges damaged or destroyed and telecommunications was out in many areas. In Baluchistan and Sindh, the major need was to provide emergency food rations; shelter; water, sanitation, and hygiene; health services and non-food items (NFIs). The immediate objective was to provide food rations to the affected families for their basic nutrition needs for at least six weeks in targeted areas in Baluchistan and across four districts of Sindh. The second objection was the provision of non- food items for the families in the targeted Union Councils to meet basic household needs. The third objective was to meet the short-term shelter needs of the affected families in Sindh and Baluchistan. Finally, the fourth objective was meeting basic health needs, including water, sanitation and hygiene
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
    Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt.
    [Show full text]
  • Muzaffargarh
    ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! Overview - Muzaffargarh ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Bhattiwala Kherawala !Molewala Siwagwala ! Mari PuadhiMari Poadhi LelahLeiah ! ! Chanawala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ladhranwala Kherawala! ! ! ! Lerah Tindawala Ahmad Chirawala Bhukwala Jhang Tehsil ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lalwala ! Pehar MorjhangiMarjhangi Anwarwal!a Khairewala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Wali Dadwala MuhammadwalaJindawala Faqirewala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! MalkaniRetra !Shah Alamwala ! Bhindwalwala ! ! ! ! ! Patti Khar ! ! ! Dargaiwala Shah Alamwala ! ! ! ! ! ! Sultanwala ! ! Zubairwa(24e6)la Vasawa Khiarewala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jhok Bodo Mochiwala PakkaMochiwala KumharKumbar ! ! ! ! ! ! Qaziwala ! Haji MuhammadKhanwala Basti Dagi ! ! ! ! ! Lalwala Vasawa ! ! ! Mirani ! ! Munnawala! ! ! Mughlanwala ! Le! gend ! Sohnawala ! ! ! ! ! Pir Shahwala! ! ! Langanwala ! ! ! ! Chaubara ! Rajawala B!asti Saqi ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! BuranawalaBuranawala !Gullanwala ! ! ! ! ! Jahaniawala ! ! ! ! ! Pathanwala Rajawala Maqaliwala Sanpalwala Massu Khanwala ! ! ! ! ! ! Bhandniwal!a Josawala ! ! Basti NasirBabhan Jaman Shah !Tarkhanwala ! !Mohanawala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Basti Naseer Tarkhanwala Mohanawala !Citiy / Town ! Sohbawala ! Basti Bhedanwala ! ! ! ! ! ! Sohaganwala Bhurliwala ! ! ! ! Thattha BulaniBolani Ladhana Kunnal Thal Pharlawala ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ganjiwala Pinglarwala Sanpal Siddiq Bajwa ! ! ! ! ! Anhiwala Balochanwala ! Pahrewali ! ! Ahmadwala ! ! !
    [Show full text]
  • The Civilian Impact of Drone Strikes
    THE CIVILIAN IMPACT OF DRONES: UNEXAMINED COSTS, UNANSWERED QUESTIONS Acknowledgements This report is the product of a collaboration between the Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School and the Center for Civilians in Conflict. At the Columbia Human Rights Clinic, research and authorship includes: Naureen Shah, Acting Director of the Human Rights Clinic and Associate Director of the Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School, Rashmi Chopra, J.D. ‘13, Janine Morna, J.D. ‘12, Chantal Grut, L.L.M. ‘12, Emily Howie, L.L.M. ‘12, Daniel Mule, J.D. ‘13, Zoe Hutchinson, L.L.M. ‘12, Max Abbott, J.D. ‘12. Sarah Holewinski, Executive Director of Center for Civilians in Conflict, led staff from the Center in conceptualization of the report, and additional research and writing, including with Golzar Kheiltash, Erin Osterhaus and Lara Berlin. The report was designed by Marla Keenan of Center for Civilians in Conflict. Liz Lucas of Center for Civilians in Conflict led media outreach with Greta Moseson, pro- gram coordinator at the Human Rights Institute at Columbia Law School. The Columbia Human Rights Clinic and the Columbia Human Rights Institute are grateful to the Open Society Foundations and Bullitt Foundation for their financial support of the Institute’s Counterterrorism and Human Rights Project, and to Columbia Law School for its ongoing support. Copyright © 2012 Center for Civilians in Conflict (formerly CIVIC) and Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. Copies of this report are available for download at: www.civiliansinconflict.org Cover: Shakeel Khan lost his home and members of his family to a drone missile in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Commission Internationale De Juristes Mission
    Commission internationale de juristes Mission La Commission internationale de juristes est consacree a la primaute, a la coherence et a l'application du droit international et des principes qui font progresser les droits de l'Homme. La Commission internationale de juristes (CIJ) se distingue par l'impartialite, l'objectivite et l'approche juridique faisant autorite qu'elle applique a la protec­ tion et a la promotion des droits de l'Homme par le biais du respect de la preeminence du droit. La CIJ fournit des services d'experts juridiques aux niveaux national et interna­ tional afin de garantir que le developpement du droit international reste fidele aux principes des droits de l'Homme et que les normes internationales soient mises en oeuvre au plan national. La Commission, creee a Berlin en 1952, est composee de 60 juristes eminents qui representent les divers systemes juridiques du monde. II incombe au Secretariat international, base a Geneve, de realiser les buts et objectifs de la Commission. Pour s'acquitter de cette tache, le Secretariat international beneficie d'un reseau de sections nationales autonomes et d'organisations affiliees implantees sur tous les continents. Parmi les distinctions decernees a la CIJ en hommage aux contributions qu'elle a apportees a la promotion et a la protection des droits de l'Homme figurent le premier Prix europeen des droits de l'Homme attribue par le Conseil de l'Europe, le Prix Wateler pour la paix, le Prix Erasme et le Prix des Nations Unies pour les droits de l'Homme. Commission internationale de juristes Case postale 216 - 81 A, avenue de Chatelaine CH - 1219 Chatelaine / Geneve - Suisse Tel: (+41 22) 979 38 00 Fax: (+41 22) 979 38 01 E-Mail: [email protected] Site web: www.icj.org ELEMENTS FOR A GENERAL RECOMMENDATION ON RACIAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE TABLE OF CONTENTS I ntroduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Living Under Drones Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practices in Pakistan
    Fall 08 September 2012 Living Under Drones Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians From US Drone Practices in Pakistan International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic Stanford Law School Global Justice Clinic http://livingunderdrones.org/ NYU School of Law Cover Photo: Roof of the home of Faheem Qureshi, a then 14-year old victim of a January 23, 2009 drone strike (the first during President Obama’s administration), in Zeraki, North Waziristan, Pakistan. Photo supplied by Faheem Qureshi to our research team. Suggested Citation: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CLINIC (STANFORD LAW SCHOOL) AND GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC (NYU SCHOOL OF LAW), LIVING UNDER DRONES: DEATH, INJURY, AND TRAUMA TO CIVILIANS FROM US DRONE PRACTICES IN PAKISTAN (September, 2012) TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I ABOUT THE AUTHORS III EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS V INTRODUCTION 1 METHODOLOGY 2 CHALLENGES 4 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 7 DRONES: AN OVERVIEW 8 DRONES AND TARGETED KILLING AS A RESPONSE TO 9/11 10 PRESIDENT OBAMA’S ESCALATION OF THE DRONE PROGRAM 12 “PERSONALITY STRIKES” AND SO-CALLED “SIGNATURE STRIKES” 12 WHO MAKES THE CALL? 13 PAKISTAN’S DIVIDED ROLE 15 CONFLICT, ARMED NON-STATE GROUPS, AND MILITARY FORCES IN NORTHWEST PAKISTAN 17 UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET: FATA IN CONTEXT 20 PASHTUN CULTURE AND SOCIAL NORMS 22 GOVERNANCE 23 ECONOMY AND HOUSEHOLDS 25 ACCESSING FATA 26 CHAPTER 2: NUMBERS 29 TERMINOLOGY 30 UNDERREPORTING OF CIVILIAN CASUALTIES BY US GOVERNMENT SOURCES 32 CONFLICTING MEDIA REPORTS 35 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Public Sector Development Programme 2019-20 (Original)
    GOVERNMENT OF BALOCHISTAN PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PUBLIC SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 2019-20 (ORIGINAL) Table of Contents S.No. Sector Page No. 1. Agriculture……………………………………………………………………… 2 2. Livestock………………………………………………………………………… 8 3. Forestry………………………………………………………………………….. 11 4. Fisheries…………………………………………………………………………. 13 5. Food……………………………………………………………………………….. 15 6. Population welfare………………………………………………………….. 16 7. Industries………………………………………………………………………... 18 8. Minerals………………………………………………………………………….. 21 9. Manpower………………………………………………………………………. 23 10. Sports……………………………………………………………………………… 25 11. Culture……………………………………………………………………………. 30 12. Tourism…………………………………………………………………………... 33 13. PP&H………………………………………………………………………………. 36 14. Communication………………………………………………………………. 46 15. Water……………………………………………………………………………… 86 16. Information Technology…………………………………………………... 105 17. Education. ………………………………………………………………………. 107 18. Health……………………………………………………………………………... 133 19. Public Health Engineering……………………………………………….. 144 20. Social Welfare…………………………………………………………………. 183 21. Environment…………………………………………………………………… 188 22. Local Government ………………………………………………………….. 189 23. Women Development……………………………………………………… 198 24. Urban Planning and Development……………………………………. 200 25. Power…………………………………………………………………………….. 206 26. Other Schemes………………………………………………………………… 212 27. List of Schemes to be reassessed for Socio-Economic Viability 2-32 PREFACE Agro-pastoral economy of Balochistan, periodically affected by spells of droughts, has shrunk livelihood opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Motion Anwar Lal Dean, Bahramand Khan Tangi
    SENATE SECRETARIAT ORDERS OF THE DAY for the meeting of the Senate to be held at 02:00 p.m. on Thursday, the 1'r August, 20 19. 1, Recitation from the Holy Quran. MOTION 2, SENATORS RAJA MUHAMMAD ZAFAR-UL-HAQ, LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION, ATTA UR REHMAN, MOLVI FAIZ MUHAMMAD, ABIDA MUHAMMAD AZEEM, AGHA SHAHZAIB DURRANI, RANA MAHMOOD UL HASSAN, PERVAIZ RASHEED, MUSADIK MASOOD MALIIC SITARA AYAZ, MUHAMMAD JAVED ABBASI, MUHAMMAD USMAN KHAN KAKAR, MIR KABEER AHMED MUHAMMAD SHAHI, MOLANA ABDUL GHAFOOR HAIDERI, MUHAMMAD TAHIR BIZINJO, MUSHAHID ULLAH KHAN, SALEEM ZIA, MUHAMMAD ASAD ALI KHAN JUNEJO, GHOUS MUHAMMAD KHAN NIAZI, RANA MAQBOOL AHMAD, DR. ASIF KIRMANI, DR. ASAD ASHRAF, SARDAR MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ TAREEN, SHERRY REHMAN, MIAN RAZA RABBANI, FAROOQ HAMID NAEK, ABDUL REHMAN MALIK DR. SIKANDAR MANDHRO, ISLAMUDDIN SHAIKH, RUBINA KHALID, GIANCHAND, KHANZADA KHAN, SASSUI PALIJO, MOULA BUX CHANDIO, MUSTAFA NAWAZ KHOKHA& SYED MUHAMMAD ALI SHAH ]AMOT, IMAMUDDIN SHOUQEEN, ENGR. RUKHSANA ZUBERI, QURATULAIN MARRI, KESHOO BAI, ANWAR LAL DEAN, BAHRAMAND KHAN TANGI AND MIR MUHAMMAD YOUSAF BADINI, tO MOVC,- "That leave be granted to move a resolution for the removal of Senator Muhammad Sadiq Sanjrani from the office of the Chairman, Senate of Pakistan." 2 RESOLUTION 3. SENATORS RAJA MUHAMMAD ZAFAR-UL-HAQ, LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION, ATTA UR REHMAN, MOLVI FAIZ MUHAMMAD, ABIDA MUHAMMAD AZEEMI AGHA SHAHZAIB DURRANI' RANA MAHMOOD UL HASSAN, PERVAIZ RASHEED, MUSADIK MASOOD MALIK, SITARA AYAZ, MUHAMMAD JAVED ABBASI, MUHAMMAD USMAN KHAN KAKAR, MIR KABEER AHMED MUHAMMAD SHAHI, MOLANA ABDUL GHAFOOR HAIDERT, MUHAMMAD TAHIR BIZINJO, MUSHAHID ULLAH KHAN, SALEEM ZI^^ MUHAMMAD ASAD ALI KHAN JUNEJO, GHOUS MUHAMMAD KHAN NIAZI, RIANA MAQBOOL AHMAD, DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaid-I-Azam's Visit to the Southern Districts of NWFP
    Quaid-i-Azam’s Visit to the Southern Districts of NWFP 1 ∗ ∗∗ Muhammad Aslam Khan & Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad Abstract In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the detailed achievements of Quaid-i-Azam’s visit to southern NWFP i.e Kohat, Bannu and DI. Khan. Historians always focused on Quiad’s visit to central NWFP like Islamia College Peshawar, Edward College Peshawar, Landikotal and other places, but they have missed to highlight his visit to southern NWFP. Quaid-i-Azam visited all the three Southern districts Kohat, Bannu and Dera Ismail Khan of NWFP on very short notice. Therefore no proper security arrangements were made and media did not give proper coverage to his visit. The details of Quaid’s visit to Southern NWFP is still unexplored by historians. This paper is a new addition on the existing literature on Quaid-i-Azam. Keywords: Quaid-i-Azam, NWFP, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan To Pakistanis, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, is their George Washington, their de Gaulle and their Churchill . Quaid-i-Azam visited NWFP thrice in his life span. For the first time, Quaid arrived in Peshawar on Sunday, the 18th of October 1936 2 and stayed for a week from 18th to the 24th of October at the Mundiberi residence of Sahibzada Abdul Qayum Khan 3. The political situations in the province were quite blurred at that time. Quaid visited Edward College and Islamia College Peshawar. He listened to the opinions of people from all shades of life and had friendly exchange of views with all of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Balochistan Population - 2017 1998-2017 Area Population Average Population Average Admn - Unit Trans Urban (Sq
    TABLE - 5 AREA, POPULATION BY SEX, SEX RATIO, POPULATION DENSITY, URBAN PROPORTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE AND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF BALOCHISTAN POPULATION - 2017 1998-2017 AREA POPULATION AVERAGE POPULATION AVERAGE ADMN - UNIT TRANS URBAN (SQ. KM.) ALL SEXES MALE FEMALE SEX RATIO DENSITY HOUSEHOLD 1998 ANNUAL GENDER PROPORTION PER SQ. KM. SIZE GROWTH RATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BALOCHISTAN 347,190 12,335,129 6,483,736 5,850,613 780 110.82 35.53 27.62 6.87 6,565,885 3.37 RURAL 8,928,428 4,685,756 4,242,183 489 110.46 6.80 4,997,105 3.10 URBAN 3,406,701 1,797,980 1,608,430 291 111.78 7.06 1,568,780 4.16 AWARAN DISTRICT 29,510 121,821 63,063 58,749 9 107.34 4.13 28.10 6.61 118,173 0.16 RURAL 87,584 45,438 42,138 8 107.83 6.25 118,173 -1.56 URBAN 34,237 17,625 16,611 1 106.10 7.81 - - KALAT DISTRICT 8,416 412,058 211,806 200,251 1 105.77 48.96 17.57 7.38 237,834 2.93 RURAL 339,665 175,522 164,142 1 106.93 7.39 204,040 2.71 URBAN 72,393 36,284 36,109 - 100.48 7.30 33,794 4.08 KHARAN DISTRICT 14,958 162,766 84,631 78,135 - 108.31 10.88 31.57 6.56 96,900 2.76 RURAL 111,378 57,558 53,820 - 106.95 6.04 69,094 2.54 URBAN 51,388 27,073 24,315 - 111.34 8.05 27,806 3.28 KHUZDAR DISTRICT 35,380 798,896 419,351 379,468 77 110.51 22.58 34.52 6.59 417,466 3.47 RURAL 523,134 274,438 248,631 65 110.38 6.36 299,218 2.98 URBAN 275,762 144,913 130,837 12 110.76 7.06 118,248 4.55 LASBELA DISTRICT 15,153 576,271 301,204 275,056 11 109.51 38.03 48.92 6.21 312,695 3.26 RURAL 294,373 153,099 141,271 3 108.37 5.46 197,271 2.13 URBAN 281,898 148,105 133,785 8 110.70
    [Show full text]