INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY Determinants for The
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INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY Determinants for the Adoption of Coffee Production Technologies; The Case of Small Holder Farmers in Mesela Woreda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. A Thesis Submitted to Indira Gandhi National Open University, the Department of Rural Development, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of M.A in Rural Development. BY TAJUDIN ABDURAHMAN USMAN ENROLLMENT NO: 099122042 TELL NO: 0913778049 SUPERVISOR: DR. MENGISTU HULLUKA March, 2014 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA DECLARATION I hereby declare that the dissertation entitled “Determinants for the Adoption of Coffee Production Technologies; the Case of Small Holder Farmers in Mesela Woreda, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia”, Submitted by me for the Partial fulfillment of the M.A. in Rural Development to Indira Gandhi National Open University, (IGNOU) New Dehli is my own original work and has not been submitted earlier to IGNOU or to any other institution for the fulfillment of the requirement for any course of study. I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part is lifted and incorporated in this report from any earlier work done by me or others. Place: Signature: Date: Enrolment No: Name: Address: I CERTIFICATION This is to certify that Mr./Miss/Mrs ……………………………………………. Student of M.A. (RD) from Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi was working under my supervision and guidance for his/her project work for the course MRDP-001. His /Her project work entitled ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………. Which he/she is submitting, is his/her genuine and original work. Place: Signature: Date: Name: Address: II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All praises be to Allah the most merciful the most gracious, it is impossible for me to list here the name of all people who gave me valuable help, encouragement and advise during the writing of this thesis, however, I extend my special aspiration to my friend Mr.Siraj Ahmed and my family for their special support and motivation to prepare this thesis. I am also very grateful to Mr.Abdulhakim Abdela, who is the then head of West Hararghe Zone Irrigation Development Authority, for providing the necessary secondary baseline data of the study area; as well as all respondent who provided the valuable information required for the study. This study would not be possible without their cooperation. Last but not the least; my sincere and grateful thanks go to my advisor Mr. Mengistu Hulluka for his sustained interest, unreserved cooperation, for giving me strong comment in shaping my topic, and constructive advice that greatly enriched the content of this thesis. III Table of Contents Contents Pages DECLARATION……………………………………..……….…………………… I APPROVAL………………………………………………………………………… II ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………… III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………………………………. IV Table of Contents…………………………………………………………....…… V List of Tables………………………………………………………….…………... VIII List of Figures……………………………………………………....…….............. IX List of Annexes………………………………………………….…….………. X ACRONYMS……………………………………………………………...................... XI CHAPTER ONE 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER TWO 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Conceptual Framework of the Study ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Commonly used Mechanism of Coffee Adoption Technologies .............................................. 5 2.3 Impact of coffee adoption technology ...................................................................................... 7 2.4 Coffee Technology Adoption and Related Constraints ............................................................ 8 2.5 Empirical Studies on the Adoption and Diffusion of Agricultural Technologies ................... 10 IV 2.6 The Status of coffee production in Developing Countries...................................................... 13 2.7 Objectives and Research Questions of the Study ................................................................... 13 2.7.1 Objectives 13 2.7.2 Research Questions 14 2.8 Definitions of Terms/Concepts ............................................................................................... 14 2.9 Study Variables ....................................................................................................................... 16 2.10 Limitations of the Study ....................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE 18 3. METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 Study Area .............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Study Design ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................... 19 3.3.1 Measurement tools 19 3.3.2 Field work 19 3.4 Ethical Consideration .............................................................................................................. 20 3.5 Sampling ................................................................................................................................. 20 3.5.1 Sample Selection Procedure 21 3.6 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 21 CHAPTER FOUR 22 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 22 4.1 Response Rate ......................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Factors determining Coffee Adoption Technologies of the district ........................................ 22 4.2.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 22 4.2.2 Economic Factors Affecting Adoption of Coffee Technology 25 4.2.2.1 Farm and Resource Characteristics 25 4.3 Comparison of Adopters to Non-Adopters in Coffee Plantation Technology ........................ 27 4.4 Basic Reasons of Non-Adopters for not accepting the Recommended Coffee Production Technology ...................................................................................................................................................... 29 V 4.4.2 Reasons of Respondents for not Adopting Pruning 30 4.4.3 Reasons of Respondents for not Adopting Drying Technique 32 4.4.4 Reasons of Respondents for not Adopting Stumping Technique 33 4.4.5 Reasons of Respondents for not Adopting Land-Preparation Technique 34 4.4.6 Farmers Responses to the Stages of Chemical Fertilizer Application Technology 36 4.5 Institutional Factors ................................................................................................................ 37 4.6 Socio-Economic Impact of Coffee Technology Adoption on the Sample Households…… .. 39 4.6.1 Response of the sample household heads to frequency in year for coffee trees to bear fruit 39 4.6.2 Impact of Adoption of Coffee Plantation Techniques on Income of the household 40 4.6.3 The Household Perception on market price of the coffee 40 4.6.4 Respondents view on the Attractiveness of Coffee Production as a Business Enterprise 41 4.6.5 Reasons for Dissatisfaction in Production of Coffee 42 CHAPTER FIVE 43 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 43 5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 43 5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................... 44 REFERENCES 47 VI List of Tables Table Description Page Number Table 4.1 Comparisons of Adopters to Non-Adopters of Coffee Plantation Techniques…… 28 Table 4.2 Reasons for not Adopting Fungicide Spray ……………………………………… 29 Table 4.3 Reasons of coffee farmers for not Adopting Pruning …………..….…..….……... 31 Table 4.4 Reasons for not Adopting Drying Technique ………….……..……………….….. 32 Table 4.5 Reasons for not Adopting Stumping Technique ………………………………..… 33 Table 4.6 Reasons for not Adopting Land-Preparation ……………………………………... 35 Table 4.7 Response on Growth Stages of Coffee for Chemical Fertilizer Application ……...…….. 36 VII List of Figures Figure Description Pages Number Figure 4.1 Age Group of the Sample Households ………………….............................. 23 Figure 4.2 Household Responses about Farming Experience in Coffee Plantation.......... 23 Figure 4.3 Educational Level of the Target Group ……………………………….…..... 24 Figure 4.4 Size Distribution of Land to the Farmers in Hectare …………...…………... 26 Figure 4.5 Distribution of Coffee Farmers plot size in Hectare………………………… 26 Figure 4.6 Comparisons of Adopters to Non-Adopters for Coffee Production Technology ………………………………………………………….……… 27 Figure 4.7 Reasons of sample households for not Adopting Fungicide Spray…………. 30 Figure 4.8 Reasons for not Adopting Pruning …………………………………………. 31 Figure 4.9 Reasons for not Adopting Drying Technique……………………………….. 33 Figure 4.10 Reasons of the sample household for not Adopting Stumping …………….. 34 Figure 4.11 Reasons for not Adopting Land-Preparation Technique………………….… 35 VIII Figure 4.12 Farmers Stage to Chemical Fertilizer Application……………..…………… 37 Figure 4.13 Sample Coffee Farmers