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Fishing Vessel Energy Audit Pilot Project: a Pilot Project to Audit Commercial Shrimp Trawlers in Thailand

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Fishing Vessel Energy Audit Pilot Project: a Pilot Project to Audit Commercial Shrimp Trawlers in Thailand FIAO/ C1099 (En) FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular ISSN 2070-6065 FISHING VESSEL ENERGY AUDIT PILOT PROJECT: TO AUDIT COMMERCIAL SHRIMP TRAWLERS IN THAILAND PHASE I FAO Fish er ies and Aquaculture Circular No. C1099 FIAO/ C1099 (En ) FISHING VESSEL ENERGY AUDIT PILOT PROJECT: TO AUDIT COMMERCIAL SHRIMP TRAWLERS IN THAILAND PHASE I by Stephen Eayrs Research Scientist Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour, GMRI Worawit Wanchana Head of Capture Fishery Technology Division SEAFDEC Petri Suuronen Fishery Industry Officer FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2017 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109765-6 © FAO, 2017 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. This publication has been printed using selected products and processes so as to ensure minimal environmental impact and to promote sustainable forest management. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT This document contributes to FAO’s goal of sustainable management and utilization of natural resources. It describes the first known attempt to conduct a formal energy audit in a trawl fishery in Thailand, and is the result of collaboration between the FAO, the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), and the Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI). The overall goal of this project was to contribute to greater economic performance of the fishing fleet, improve resilience and livelihoods of fishermen and their families, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This document was prepared by Dr Stephen Eayrs (Research Scientist, Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour, GMRI), Dr Worawit Wanchana, (Head of Capture Fishery Technology Division, SEAFDEC), and Dr Petri Suuronen (Fishery Industry Officer, Fishing Operations and Technology Service, FAO). Fieldwork was led by Dr Worawit Wanchana, with technical advice provided by Dr Stephen Eayrs. Funding for this collaboration was provided by the Government of Norway under the project, “Climate Change, Fisheries and Aquaculture: testing a suite of methods for understanding vulnerability, improving adaptability and enabling mitigation” (GCP/GLO/322/NOR). iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their appreciation to Dr Chumnarn Pongsri (SEAFDEC Secretary- General and Chief of Training Department) for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the development of this research. Advice given by Mr Bundit Chokesaguan (Head of Information and Training Division of SEAFDEC) was a significant help in planning project activities, and a special thank you goes to technical staff in the Capture Fishery Technology Division of SEAFDEC Training Department, including Mr Suthipong Thanasansakorn (Head of Marine Engineering Section), Mr Isara Chanrachkij (Head of Fishing Technology Section), and Mr Narong Ruangsivakl, Mr Thaweesak Thimkrap, Mr Khunthawat Manomayidthikarn, Ms Siriporn Pangsorn, Mr Komsan Pofa, Mr Chatchai Chaitanavisut and Mr Nattapong Tubket. We are also indebted to the Kasetasart university students, Mr Trison Taemmesub, Mr Sivakorn Taksirichai, Ms Panida Tharach, and Ms Apinya Monthianthong and the Walailak university students Ms Chariphon Dueanchamrun and Ms Nida Hminhman for their very excellent assistance collecting data onboard and onshore. Finally, we thank all Fisheries Officials, owners, and fishers of the trawlers in Chonburi and Satun Provinces for making their time available to cooperate and support this project. v Eayrs, S., Wanchana, W. and Suuronen, P. 2017. FAO fishing vessel energy audit pilot project: A pilot project to audit commercial shrimp trawlers in Thailand. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1099. Rome, FAO. ABSTRACT For the first time in a Thai trawl fishery, an energy audit was applied to the single-boat trawl fleet. The audit consisted of two levels. The Level 1 audit consisted of a detailed questionnaire of fishermen in the single-boat trawl fleet and the Level 2 audit consisted of at-sea measurement of fuel consumption of trawlers under a variety of commercial operating conditions. A total of 94 fishermen were audited as part of the questionnaire. Considerable variation was found in the fishing fleet, including vessel age, service speed, propeller size, and engine maintenance schedules. The consumption of fuel was the dominant operational expense for each size category of trawler, being an order of magnitude greater than the other categories, followed by crew wages and then food. Responses by fishermen suggested highly diversified and personalized fishing activity, although some responses appeared to suggest inaccurate recall of their major fishing costs. Six trawlers were selected for at-sea measurement of fuel consumption over a 10-day fishing trip. Specialized equipment was installed on each trawler, including a fuel flow meter system, engine RPM tachometer, portable GPS to indicate trawler location, heading, and speed, wind speed and direction indicator, and a speed log. Small video cameras were used to film the fuel meter, engine RPM, GPS and activity on the back deck; this information was recorded on a four channel video recorded for later review and analysis. The judicious use of the throttle to regulate engine rpms was identified as the simplest and one of the most cost-effective fuel saving options. Based on sea trial data, reducing steaming speed from 7 to 6 knots could reduce the rate of fuel consumption by approximate 40 percent and reduce annual fuel costs by approximately THB 37 500. Other low-cost, fuel-saving options were identified, and recommendations for future energy audits were also described vi Contents PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT ............................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 2 RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................... 5 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................................... 19 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 26 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 27 APPENDIX 1- Energy audit guidelines from AS/NZS 3598:2000 and the audit procedure for fishing businesses. ........................................................................... 28 APPENDIX 2- Baseline questionnaire survey for fishing trawlers energy audit pilot project ............................................................................................................ 31 APPENDIX 3- Equipment fitted to each boat to record fuel consumption performance. ............... 35 APPENDIX 4- Photographic record of trawlers and project equipment. ........................................ 38 APPENDIX 5- Trawl details for each of the 6 trawlers in this project............................................ 44 APPENDIX 6- General information of surveyed trawlers sorted by LOA. ................................... 50 APPENDIX 7- Expenditure of surveyed trawlers sorted by LOA. ...............................................
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