in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km Population (millions): km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Socialist Movement for Integration social (LSI, democrat) conservative) (PDS, Albania of Party Democratic Socialist of Party Albania social (PSSH, democrat) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ALBANIA Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 6,854 2,309 4,545 44.8 3 ): ): Exports Rama Edi Meta Ilir Parliamentary republic Republic of Albania 4,775 3,613 1,162 31.2 Balance (0.14) Vlorë (0.20); Durrës Tirana (0.49) 98.5/97.8 15,059 10,122 13,327 28,750 -2,079 -3,383 1,304 5,340 1,450 2,306 1,294 -13.6 30.2 10.1 69.9 -0.2 -1.6 105 434 2,9 9.5 2.0 4.1 1.2 2.5 60 18 25 75 39 95 83 18 95 55 9 .. .. Import: Export: ICT Emissions Health Energy Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Vacant Social Democratic of Party Albania (social-democracy, Albanian (PDIU, Unity and Integration Justice, for Party Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Physicians density (per 10,000): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture centre-left) nationalism, centre-right) 2   Germany (8%), Greece (8%), (27%), China (8%), Turkey Italy Germany (5%), (5%), Serbia Greece (8%), (49%), Spain Italy Emissions (mt per capita): (8%) (4%) Main Trading Partners Partners Trading Main 77/80 0.791 94.2 20.2 17.7 28.9 38.7 19.8 28.6 46.8 47.9 18.4 1.64 42.9 12.3 21.3 12.0 37.3 138 1.5 2.4 6.7 2.7 0.8 1.6 18 18 14 69 8 1 3 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 167 ALBANIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 168 ALGERIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Ennahda-Front for Justice and Development (FJD, Islamist) Rally for Hope for Algeria Change of -Front Peace for Society of Movement (RND) Democracy for Rally National (FLN) Front Liberation National Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National People’s Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ALGERIA Urban population (%): population Urban Total Trade Total Water tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education in expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows (MSP-FC, Islamist(MSP-FC, coalition) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 10,915 58,637 47,722 32.5 3 ): ): Abdelaziz Djerad TebbouneAbdelmadjid Semi-presidential republic People's Democratic Republic of Algeria Exports 42,560 45,691 3,131 25.4 Balance Oran (0.90); El Djelfa (0.50); Blida (0.47); Constantine (0.41) Constantine (0.47); Blida (0.50); Djelfa El (0.90); Oran Algiers (2.77) 2,381,740 85.4/75.3 173,757 -12,946 15,332 -5,162 -7,784 1,933 1,508 5,710 2,657 97.6 42.2 38.3 11.7 0.50 -7.2 -4.8 164 253 317 880 631 2.0 8.0 5.3 1.1 4.3 1.4 19 17 74 15 33 97 64 2 ...... Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Algerian Popular Movement (MPA, democrat) Socialist Forces Front (FFS, social democrat) Independents Economic Sectors Others Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant centrist) “Future,” (FM, Front Moustakbel El Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Households with computer (per 100): used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Labour participation rate, female (%): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   Germany (7%), (9%),Spain (10%), (18%), Italy China France Brazil (6%) Brazil (11%), (17%), (12%), States (12%),Italy United Spain France Emissions (mt per capita):

(7%) Partners Trading Main

76/80 111.7 152.9 0.759 -174 19.0 59.2 10.0 11.9 39.6 55.5 3.05 49.0 42.2 30.8 29.7 44.0 18.3 14.6 12.0 0.1 3.2 6.6 1.3 7.5 13 82 28 14 65 21 14 93 30 6 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Water Social Democratic (SDP) Party Education Society Trade Total Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Democratic of /Party (SDS) Party Democratic Serbian Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, Croatian nationalist Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) ofParty Democratic Action (SDA, centre-right) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official BOSNIA ANDHERZEGOVINA Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): Security Water resources (km resources Water in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism GDP): (% of Deficit Public Progress (PDP) (Serbian nationalist) and conservative) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 11,420 10,803 57.5 616 3 ): ): Exports TegeltijaZoran Dzaferovi Sefik (Serb); Dodik Milorad Federal parliamentary republic Bosnia and Herzegovina 8,375 2,097 6,278 42.2 Balance Banja Luka (0.20); Tuzla (0.12) Tuzla (0.20); Luka Banja Sarajevo (0.34) 99.2/94.9 20,162 15,824 13,583 51,210 -3,045 -4,525 1,481 1,081 2,194 1,053 -15.3 37.5 0.22 11.1 34.3 -0.8 468 1.4 1.7 3.7 3.3 1.1 9.7 65 48 11 18 4 5 6 4 9 ...... Import: Export: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Emissions ofParty Democratic Activity (A-SDA, conservative) centre-right) (SBB, Future aBetter for Union Democratic Front (DF, social democratic) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Democratic National Alliance (DNS, right) Our (social Party liberal) / Independent Bloc (corservative) Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Health Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Households with computer (per 100): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Human Development Index (value): 2   ć (Bosniak); Zeljko Komsi Slovenia (9%) Slovenia (14%), (11%), (14%), (10%),Croatia Serbia Germany Italy Serbia (10%) (11%), (12%), (13%), (13%), Italy Slovenia Croatia Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main ć (Croat)

75/80 104.1 0.769 20.0 34.0 52.1 15.7 39.3 35.5 55.0 1.28 69.9 34.9 18.4 24.5 64.8 32.1 234 6.4 6.8 4.6 5.9 9.2 1.9 1.4 75 16 15 2 1 3 4 5 4 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 169 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 170 CROATIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km Population (millions): km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Croatian Peasant (HSS) Party Bandi Bridge of Independent Lists (Most) (SDP) Croatia of Party Democratic Social Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official CROATIA FDI Security Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($. capita per GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water (BM 365, populism) Milan 365 - Labour and Solidarity Party Party Solidarity and -Labour 365 ć Milan 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 30,709 25,385 5,324 50.7 3 ): ): Exports Andrej Plenkovic Zoran Milanovi Parliamentary constitutional republic Republic of Croatia 30,910 16,551 14,360 51.0 Balance Zagreb (0.69)Zagreb Split (0.18); Rijeka (0.13) (0.18); Rijeka Split -11,025 ć 11,226 56,590 16,645 60,805 26,256 12,075 105.5 2,942 1,159 0.85 74.6 11.4 -0.9 201 354 171 4.1 0.3 4.9 2.7 1.5 4.6 1.5 0.2 57 29 26 11 68 88 73 10 55 18 99 5 5 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total <15 age (%): Population Emissions Energy Labour market Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ, liberal) Civic Liberal Alliance (GLAS) Development Development Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Croatian Demochristian (HDS, Party centre-right) Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population Independents Other Health Employment in: ICT Protected areas Protected CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services. GDP): (% of added value Agriculture. Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry. Households with computer (per 100): Hospital beds (per 10,000): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Labour participation rate. female (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Human Development Index (value): Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Austria (7%) (11%), (13%), (15%), (8%), Slovenia Italy Germany Hungary Herzegovina (9%), Austria (6%) (11%), (13%), (15%), and Slovenia Germany Italy Bosnia Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 75/81 105.6 0.837 38.3 30.0 1.42 54.3 27.4 59.0 66.3 75.3 23.7 20.4 76.2 55.4 45.5 354 3.9 8.5 8.7 8.4 2.9 7.2 2.1 4.2 6.2 46 15 16 20 19 4 4 4 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Movement of Social Democracy (EDEK) Democratic (DIKO, Party liberal) socialist) (AKEL, People Working of Party Progressive Democratic Coalition (DISY, conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official CYPRUS Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 16,855 7,074 9,781 69.1 3 ): ): Exports Nicos Anastasiades Nicos Anastasiades Presidential constitutional republic Cyprus of Republic 16,166 11,904 4,262 66.3 Balance Nicosia (0.27) (0.14) Larnacca (0.24); Limassol 24,493 39,987 -5,519 -2,237 4,830 3,939 3,285 102.5 3,449 9,250 -689 0.55 12.1 -2.8 -4.8 100 129 433 264 0.8 1.8 0.8 4.1 0.8 1.2 1.6 6.4 68 10 18 16 65 59 76 16 97 3 5 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Independents (SYPOL) Alliance Citizens’ Ecological and Environmental Movement (ecologist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (ELAM) Front Popular National Solidarity Movement (KA) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Kingdom (7%), Israel (6%) (7%), Israel Kingdom United (7%), Korea of (7%), Republic (19%), Italy Greece (6%), United Kingdom (5%) Kingdom (6%), United Norway (17%), (8%), (10%), Libya Greece Islands Cayman Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 79/83 138.9 0.873 78.7 18.7 19.5 1.34 94.0 16.7 19.5 57.9 72.2 81.2 84.4 12.2 34.0 420 7.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 6.9 2.6 0.1 8.4 0.1 14 31 17 1 2 1 2 2 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 171 CYPRUS Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 172 EGYPT Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Republican People’s Party Guards of the Homeland Party Wafd New The Party Future Nation’s Free Egyptians Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official EGYPT Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 76,332 18,697 57,635 30.6 3 ): ): Exports Madbouly Mostafa Abdel Fattah el-Sisi semi-presidentialUnitary constitutional republic Egypt of Republic Arab 51,613 23,567 28,046 20.7 Balance Cairo (20.90*) [including the population of Giza (4.52) and Shubra El-Khema (1.65)] El-Khema Shubra and (4.52) Giza of population the [including (20.90*) Cairo Alexandria (5.28); Port Said (0.74) Said Port (5.28); Alexandria 1,001,450 76.5/65.5 249,559 -24,719 -29,590 11,196 28,918 98,705 13,358 12,704 4,870 6,789 57.5 98.4 11.6 20.9 92.7 -9.9 -2.5 836 200 324 794 0.7 5.3 2.0 1.3 7.3 42 13 36 65 79 35 88 99 18 53 97 7 .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Other (Al-Nour) Light the of Party Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Independents Conservative Party Party Conference Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Hospital beds (per 10,000): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   Saudi Arabia (6%), Germany (5%) (6%), Germany Arabia Saudi (6%), States (7%), United Federation (13%),China Russian Turkey (6%), India (5%) (6%), India Turkey (7%), Emirates Arab United (8%), Italy (8%), States United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 70/74 0.700 95.3 61.2 13.1 3.37 16.3 92.8 27.2 24.3 32.7 21.8 51.4 11.2 48.5 46.9 14.3 11.6 35.1 78.3 350 116 2.2 8.1 1.0 5.0 4.6 47 18 32 11 12 34 5 6 in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in $) (millions services and goods in Security Water Education Society Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population and(UDI Independents) Union of Democrats and Independents The Socialists and affiliated group (social democrat) Democratic Movement (centrist) conservative) liberal (LR, Republicans The La République En Marche! (liberal) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official FRANCE Urban population (%): population Urban Total Trade Total FDI Population (millions): Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Outflows (millions $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 256,773 926,446 669,673 33.3 3 ): ): Édouard Philippe Emmanuel Macron Semi-presidential constitutional republic French Republic Exports 291,494 902,985 611,491 32.5 Balance Bordeaux (1.61); (1.02); (1.06); Toulouse Lille (1.72);Lyon Marseille-Aix-en-Provence Paris (11.7) 2,780,152 102,421 549,087 -23,460 -58,182 34,722 26,428 73,125 89,322 45,893 37,294 211.0 11.4 67.0 98.4 -0.8 -2.5 281 122 307 104 104 407 ./.. .. 0.2 2.2 2.3 1.0 2.1 1.8 18 46 12 12 80 30 69 99 66 .. .. (0.97) Export: Import: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Labour market Act, the Constructive Right (Agir, centre right) centre (Agir, Right Constructive the Act, La France Insoumise (left coalition) Development Development Economic Sectors Others Ecology Democracy Solidarity (EDS, centre-left) Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant andLiberties Territoires Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Employment in: Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): Physicians density (per 10,000): Labour participation rate, female (%): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Spain (7%), Belgium (8%), (16%), (9%),Italy China Germany Belgium (7%) (8%), Italy (8%). Spain (8%), (15%), States United Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (7%) Partners Trading Main 80/86 108.4 0.891 129.8 247.1 77.5 25.8 59.1 20.3 16.9 77.2 1.92 82.0 50.7 20.7 70.3 45.0 11.5 32.3 50.8 496 4.6 3.7 9.1 1.6 2.5 20 17 17 29 17 18 26 18 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 173 FRANCE Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 174 GREECE Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Change for Movement (SYRIZA) Left Radical the of Coalition New Democracy (ND, conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official GREECE Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 85,774 20,986 64,788 39.3 3 ): ): Exports Kyriakos Mitsotakis Katerina Sakellaropoulou Parliamentary constitutional republic Hellenic Republic 81,420 43,188 38,232 37.3 Balance Athens (3.15) Athens Thessaloniki (0.81): Patras (0.21); Herakliom (0.22); Larissa (0.17); (0.14) Volos Larissa (0.22); (0.21); Herakliom (0.81): Patras Thessaloniki 98.5/97.4 218,230 131,960 -26,556 22,202 30,123 29,072 21,594 -4,354 4,527 184.9 1,007 68.4 10.5 10.7 -0.3 -2.0 158 146 105 406 848 137 1.1 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.9 2.4 22 83 10 80 79 86 98 2 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Greek Solution (far right) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors wing) left (MeRA25, Front Disobedience Realistic European Communist Party of Greece (KKE) Greece of Party Communist Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Industry GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): employment): total (% of Services Unemployment rate (%): Physicians density (per 10,000): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2

 China (7%) (8%), Federation Russian (8%), (10%), Italy (8%), Iraq Germany Lebanon (5%) (5%), (6%), (6%), Cyprus Turkey (10%), Germany Italy Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 79/84 115.7 0.872 68.6 35.2 42.0 81.2 23.3 72.5 12.3 39.7 44.4 68.1 1.38 73.0 15.2 15.3 19.3 45.9 455 5.9 3.7 2.2 4.5 8.5 7.2 22 10 15 32 14 4 9 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Shas (ultraorthodox Sephardis) White and Blue Joint List (Arab parties) Yesh Atid-Telem (liberalism) Likud (neo-conservatives) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Knesset) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ISRAEL Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 107,912 30,773 77,140 29.2 3 ): ): Exports Benjamin Netanyahu Reuven Rivlin Parliamentary democracy State of Israel 108,808 49,929 58,879 29.4 Balance Jerusalem (0.93) Tel Aviv-Jaffa (4.18); (1.15) Haifa Tel Aviv-Jaffa 370,588 -18,261 19,157 21,803 37,994 22,070 4,121 6,008 8,073 13.0 60.8 -3.3 896 178 586 105 411 989 277 1.8 4.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 3.5 1.9 8.9 4.4 5.9 ../.. 92 15 36 54 63 14 17 97 9 3 .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Meretz (social democracy) Yisrael Beiteinu (far-right ultranationalist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): right) (far Yamina United Torah Judaism (ultraorthodox Ashkenazis) Other Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   (5%), Turkey (5%) (5%), Turkey Belgium (7%), (15%), (12%), States China Germany United China (5%), China (5%), Belgium (4%) (5%), Belgium (5%), China China SAR, Kong (7%), Hong Kingdom (24%), United States United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/85 127.7 0.906 80.3 19.9 32.2 3.11 69.8 23.0 17.2 59.7 69.4 81.9 83.7 19.4 29.8 323 7.3 1.0 7.2 1.1 7.3 2.6 0.0 4.0 8.9 12 22 28 3 3 7 5 7 7

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 175 ISRAEL Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 176 ITALY Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population (FdI) Italy of Brothers Democratic (social Party democrat) Forza Italia (FI, conservative) Northern League (LN, regionalists, populist right) Five Star Movement (M5S, populist movement) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official ITALY Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 602,221 124,980 477,240 29.1 3 ): ): Exports Giuseppe Conte Sergio Mattarella Parliamentary constitutional republic Italian Republic 654,550 121,589 532,961 31.6 Balance Rome (4.26) Milan (3.14); Naples (2.20); Torino (1.79); Bergamo (0.89); Palermo (0.85) Palermo (0.89); (1.79); Torino (2.20); (3.14); Bergamo Milan Naples 2,075,856 99.4/99.0 301,340 52,330 55,721 61,657 20,576 24,276 39,676 51,602 -3,391 191.3 9,603 132.2 1.35 60.4 10.2 -0.2 -2.1 202 347 101 205 125 576 2.5 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.3 3.8 70 35 95 50 62 90 23 96 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Associative Movement Italians Abroad (centrist) (left) Equal and Free Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Linguistic Minorities (SVP–PATT) Italia Viva (liberal) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2 

Spain (5%) Spain (5%), (7%), Netherlands (17%), (9%),China France Germany United Kingdom (5%) (5%), (11%), (13%), Spain (9%), States France Germany United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/85 137.5 0.883 153.4 64.3 21.5 40.3 1.34 81.2 26.1 32.2 40.8 66.3 70.1 74.4 21.4 31.4 10.6 34.0 628 5.3 3.8 1.9 8.9 8.8 2.5 23 11 34 31 29 13 3 3 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population National Current Islamic Centrist (ICP, Party Islamists) Zamzam, (Islamists moderate) Islamic Action Front (Islamists, Muslim Brotherhood) Independents Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Chamber of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official JORDAN Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 22,523 17,730 4,793 53.3 3 ): ): Exports Omar Razzaz II King Abdullah Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 15,035 7,281 7,754 35.6 Balance Amman (2.15) Amman Zarqa (0.73); Irbid (0.55); Russeifa (0.52) Russeifa (0.55); (0.73); Irbid Zarqa 98.6/97.8 42,291 32,045 89,320 -7,488 -9,976 2,488 4,150 4,370 9,431 6,221 -17.7 0.70 10.0 10.3 10.5 94.4 -4.8 116 136 112 950 108 0.9 4.5 1.9 1.8 4.8 3.6 91 99 53 34 63 10 81 -8 4 5 5 3 Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy National Union Party Arab Socialist Ba’ath Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Party Reform and Justice Others Communist Party Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Unemployment rate (%): Marine (% of territorial waters): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Germany (5%), United Arab Emirates (4%) Emirates Arab (5%), United Germany (9%), (17%), (14%), States China Arabia United Saudi (10%), United Arab Emirates (5%) Emirates Arab (10%),Iraq United (10%), (12%), Arabia (25%), India Saudi States United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 73/76 0.723 87.6 14.1 2.85 95.7 24.7 35.1 14.4 61.8 72.2 15.0 35.6 14.7 27.6 109 102 2.6 1.8 9.2 3.1 5.6 5.5 1.0 0.4 15 34 4 1 1 2 2 1 .. ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 177 JORDAN Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 178 LEBANON Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Security Water Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Lebanese Forces and allies right) (centre Amal allies and Movement Future Free Patriotic Movement (liberal conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official LEBANON Urban population (%): population Urban Total Trade Total tourism International Population (millions): in services (millions $) (millions services in Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Inflows (millions $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 32,224 17,852 14,371 56.8 3 ): ): Hassan Diab AounMichel Confessionalist parliamentary republic Lebanese Republic Exports 18,607 15,355 3,252 32.8 Balance Tripoli (0.7); Sidon (0.27) (0.7); Sidon Tripoli (2.42) Beirut 98.6/97.8 -13,617 -14,600 56,372 79,345 14,689 10,450 7,204 8,694 2,880 1,964 1,058 151.0 -24.0 -11.0 12.7 -1.9 669 983 303 0.5 4.5 8.7 6.1 6.8 5.0 2.4 15 22 80 47 38 89 16 20 49 ...... Import: Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Export: Azm Movement Azm Progressive Socialist Party Employment in: Economic Sectors Others Hezbollah Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Physicians density (per 10,000): 2   Germany (5%) Germany (7%), States United (8%), (9%),Italy (10%), Greece China Syria (6%), Iraq (5%) (6%), Iraq Syria (6%), (7%), Egypt (15%), Arabia Saudi Emirates Arab United Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 77/81 0.730 64.5 27.3 63.5 13.8 17.3 22.9 74.7 2.10 14.1 97.7 22.7 22.5 4.4 2.6 1.5 0.2 2.9 9.0 8.0 6.1 0.2 97 29 13 93 26 7 4 9 6 .. .. in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population the parts controlling elements tribal and jihadist of various and supporters, its and Tripoli in Congress Tobruk in National Deputies of General New the Council the between war supporters, its civil and ongoing an after country the uniting of task the with self-exile from back came al-Sarraj, Minister-designated Fayez Prime 2016, UN-backed march of month 2011. in the During Jamahiriya Arab Libyan the of collapse the to due state Uncertain Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official LIBYA Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions):

the country. Marshal Hafter’s Libyan National Army (LNA) controls the east and south of the country. In 2019 he began a campaign to take over over take to acampaign 2019 began In he country. the of south and east the controls (LNA) Army National Libyan Hafter’s Marshal country. the capital Tripoli. in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 11,583 3 ): ): ...... Exports Fayez al-Sarraj Provisional parliamentary republic Libya of State 21,761 ...... Balance Tripoli (1.16) Tripoli Benghazi (0.80); Misrata (0.80); Zawiya (0.20) Zawiya (0.80); Misrata (0.80); Benghazi 1,759,540 10,177 40,951 11,473 -23.6 15.1 315 941 1.5 0.7 7.6 9.3 6.7 70 83 80 4 5 ...... Import: Labour market Export: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Industry (% of total employment): total (% of Industry GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Services Unemployment rate (%): Physicians density (per 10,000): 2

 Spain (4%) Spain (5%), (13%), (12%), (11%),Turkey Korea of China Italy Republic France (17%), (17%), (11%), (12%),Italy China Spain Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (10%) Partners Trading Main -302.2 70/76 0.708 32.0 13.3 53.9 58.6 18.4 49.9 34.0 2.28 22.9 18.5 19.5 348 110 6.5 0.2 0.6 2.1 10 28 4 ......

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 179 LIBYA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 180 MALTA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Malta Labour (MLP, Party social democracy) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MALTA FDI Water Trade Total Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Tourist arrivals (000): Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Outflows (millions $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 10,660 16,177 113.0 5,518 3 ): ): Robert Abela George Vella Parliamentary republic Republic of Malta Exports 15,061 18,719 130.7 3,658 Balance Birkirkara (0.02);Birkirkara Qormi (0.02) (0.21) Valletta 80.2/84.6 45,164 14,560 -1,860 -7,326 4,402 2,542 1,845 2,599 1,511 4,061 17.7 45.2 0.54 11.3 148 100 278 105 320 5.2 3.3 0.5 1.9 1.7 7.3 0.1 0.5 2.0 95 37 54 20 40 2 2 .. Development Development alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Energy Labour market Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Democratic Party Nationalist (NP, Party centre-right) Employment in: Health Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Industry, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO Hospital beds (per 10,000): Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   United Kingdom (6%), Germany (5%) (6%), Germany Kingdom United (7%), (14%), (19%), Italy Singapore Federation Russian United States (5%) States United (7%), (9%),Singapore (9%),Italy (13%), France Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 80/85 140.2 0.885 38.3 12.1 1.37 18.6 80.3 81.7 96.9 75.1 82.9 44.9 46.1 30.3 644 6.3 3.3 9.3 1.5 0.0 3.7 0.7 9.1 0.9 1.0 28 28 14 20 6 2 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Social Democratic (social-democracy) Party All of Benefit the For Democratic Montenegro (Democrats, centrist) Democratic Front (centre-right) Democratic of Party Socialists (centre-left) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MONTENEGRO Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 3,661 2,924 67.6 738 3 ): ): Exports Dusko Markovic Milo Dukanovi Parliamentary republic Montenegro 2,316 1,832 42.7 483 Balance Podgorica (0.18) Niksic (0.07); Pljevlja (0.03): Herceg Novi (0.03) 99.5/98.3 ć 19,172 13,810 -1,346 -2,440 1,094 2,077 5,457 7,951 1,224 -24.8 11.3 11.4 72.6 -6.3 103 490 612 257 0.3 2.6 5.1 0.0 0.6 1.5 67 35 12 57 89 46 17 39 97 4 8 1 7 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy United Reform Action Reform United Social Democrats Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Bosniak (BS) Party Other Other Democratic Alliance (Demos) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Greece (7%), (9%),Italy (19%), (10%), Germany China Serbia Slovenia (8%), Poland (5%) Poland (8%), Slovenia (9%), Herzegovina and (13%), Bosnia (26%), Hungary Serbia Emissions (mt per capita): (6%) Partners Trading Main 74/79 180.7 0.816 71.7 23.3 1,74 41.1 18.9 29.5 46.4 59.2 73.1 71.5 15.9 38.6 15.2 3.6 6.4 1.0 8.0 6.7 1.6 0.0 7.6 0.6 15 52 18 2 1 2 2 3 2 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 181 MONTENEGRO Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 182 MOROCCO Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Popular Movement (MP, conservative) National Rally of Independents centre-right, (RNI, liberal) Istiqlal (PI, centre-right, Party nationalist) liberal) (PAM, Party Modernity and Authenticity Justice and Development (PJD, Party Islamist) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (House of Representatives) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official MOROCCO Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 55,338 10,552 44,786 46.9 3 ): ): Exports Othmani Saadeddine King VI Mohammed Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Morocco of Kingdom 43,022 18,541 24,481 36.5 Balance Rabat (1.88) Rabat Casablanca (3.75); Fes (1.22); Tanger (1.20); Marrakech (1.03); Agadir (0.92) (1.03); Agadir (1.22); (1.20); (3.75); Fes Tanger Marrakech Casablanca 83.3/64.6 118,534 446,550 -12,316 -20,305 12,289 49,041 7,989 3,640 7,375 8,931 9,523 -10.4 29.0 36.0 65.0 -3.7 125 246 666 102 313 6.3 1.9 3.0 1.3 3.1 5.5 63 27 46 88 36 80 81 37 99 7 2 .. .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Democratic and Social Movement (royalist) Constitutional Union (UC, centrist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others communist) (PPS, Socialism and Progress of Party Socialist Union of People's Forces (USFP) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Germany (6%) (7%), States (17%), (12%), (9%),United Spain China France Brazil (4%) Brazil (4%), States (5%), United (13%), Italy France (23%), Spain Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 75/78 124.2 0.676 60.6 30.8 2.45 95.2 20.5 21.7 35.3 22.3 21.6 50.0 12.3 43.0 64.8 10.0 25.9 121 1.6 7.2 9.1 0.3 5.8 0.6 1.9 73 19 19 12 20 27 7 3 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Area km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km Democratic Union for integration (BDI/DUI, Unity National Macedonian for Party Democratic Social Democratic Union Coalition (SDSM) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) of (Assembly the Republic) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official NORTH MACEDONIA Urban population (%): population Urban Water Trade Total tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows Albanian minority interests) (Conservatism) (VMRO-DPMNE) (Social democracy, Third way) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 1,418 9,222 7804 72.8 3 ): ): Oliver Spasovski Oliver Pendarovski Stevo Parliamentary republic Macedonia ofRepublic North Exports 1,845 7,497 5652 59.1 Balance Bitola (0.11);Bitola (0.11); (0.08) Kumanovo Prilep Skopje (0.59) 98.8/96.7 -2,152,5 15,715 25,710 12,670 -1,726 8,744 -13.6 40.5 0.36 -1.8 251 427 344 387 737 707 0.0 9.7 2.1 1.0 2.7 1.5 2.7 6.4 83 20 81 95 58 10 39 50 16 27 42 3 .. .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Others Independents Democratic of Party Albanians (PDS/DPA, Albanian) Alliance for The Albanians Besa Movement (social conservatism) Economic Sectors Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Labour participation rate, female (%): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   (7%), China (6%) (7%), China Serbia (8%), (10%), Greece (12%), Kingdom United Germany Greece (3%) (4%), (5%), Belgium Bulgaria (8%), (47%), Serbia Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 74/78 0.759 94.5 42.8 52.9 15.7 15.2 23.6 1.50 79.2 56.7 29.5 55.1 67.3 31.4 28.7 43.0 185 3.6 6.3 1.3 1.2 2.7 9.7 7.2 82 14 17 2 2 5 9 3 9 ..

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 183 NORTH MACEDONIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 184 PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances tourism International &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Palestine of Liberation the for Front Popular Fatah (nationalists, socialists) Hamas (Islamists) 2007) since govern and meet to unable been has council Political represented parties legislative in the current Parliament (seats) (Palestinian Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form use): (UN Name PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES Water Trade Total FDI Population density (hab/km Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Desalinated water production (millions m (millions production water Desalinated Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate, literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water $) (millions goods in Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Outflows $): (millions Inflows (PFLP, nationalists, Marxists) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 1,626 8,731 7,105 59.8 3 ): ): Mahammad Shtayyeh Mahmoud Abbas De jure parliamentary democracy operating de facto as a semi-presidential system Occupied Palestinian Territories Exports 2,291 2,904 19.9 613 Balance Gaza City (0.71); Hebron (0.22); Nablus (0.21); Jenin (0.15); (0.18) Yunis (0.21); Jenin Khan Nablus (0.22); (0.71); City Hebron Gaza Al Quds (East Jerusalem) (0.28); Ramallah (0.08) [administrative centre] 98.7/95.7 -4,814 -1,013 -5,827 2,561 6,020 -39.9 0.50 17.5 759 245 606 226 2.5 5.3 9.1 0.9 0.8 4.6 74 76 44 95 75 76 45 89 43 9 3 4 ...... Labour market Development Development Life expectancy at birth, Men/Women (years): woman): per (births rate fertility Total Protected areas Protected Export: Import: Independents Others Way (centre) Third Economic Sectors Palestinian National Initiative (social-democracy) Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Health Energy Employment in: Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population Population age >64 (%): >64 age Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption employment): total (% of Services Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): Households with computer (per 100): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Industry, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Industry, Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Agriculture (% of total employment): employment): total (% of Agriculture 2   Jordan (3%), (5%),Germany (5%), China (62%), Turkey Israel Arabia (1%), (1%) Qatar Arabia Saudi (3%), Emirates Arab (7%), United (81%), Jordan Israel Emissions (mt per capita): (3%) Partners Trading Main 72/76 0.690 90.0 3.74 62.4 31.3 26.3 17.4 42.1 119 8.4 6.3 17 56 39 2 4 2 2 3 ...... in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): (PCP) Portuguese Communist Party wing) /left socialism (BE, Bloc Left Social Democratic (PSD) Party Socialist (PS) Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) of (Assembly the Republic) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official PORTUGAL Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 103,613 18,271 85,342 48.9 3 ): ): Exports Costa da Santos Luis Antonio Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Semi-presidential constitutional republic Portuguese Republic 104,977 37,662 67,314 49.5 Balance Lisbon (2.96) Porto (1.31); Braga (0.19); Guimaraes (0.16) (1.31); (0.19);Porto Braga Guimaraes 97.4/95.1 240,901 -18,027 19,391 16,186 32,412 92,226 24,105 1,364 4,895 4,773 120.1 77.4 1.32 10.3 -0.2 -0.4 108 120 112 271 861 0.6 2.3 1.2 2.6 1.8 4.9 9.2 65 19 52 64 10 79 98 2 ...... Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Others (PEV) Greens” “The Party Ecologist Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): People-Animals-Nature Democratic and Social Centre - People’s Party Party -People’s Centre Social and Democratic Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption (CDS/PP, Christian democracy) 2   Netherlands (5%) (5%), (14%), Italy (8%), France Germany (32%), Spain United Kingdom (7%), United States (5%) States (7%), United Kingdom United (12%), (13%), Germany (26%), France Spain Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 79/85 115.6 0.850 71.1 28.1 33.4 1.36 87.0 22.8 24.8 20.3 54.5 65.3 69.1 74.7 34.5 19.2 441 4.9 6.0 2.1 9.1 8.4 2.2 7.0 5.3 22 40 13 3 3 2 4 5

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 185 PORTUGAL Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 186 SERBIA Country Profiles in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society Migrant remittances State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SERBIA GDP &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Democratic Party Non-affiliated Serbian Radical Party Socialist of Party Serbia Serbian Progressive Party Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Assembly of Serbia) Government: of Head Urban population (%): population Urban Water Total Trade Total tourism International FDI Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): Water withdrawal (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water in goods (millions $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism $): (millions Inflows 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 30,707 24,187 6,520 54.8 3 ): ): Aleksandar Vu Parliamentary republic Serbia of Republic Ana Brnabi Exports 17,995 26,705 8,710 47.7 ć Balance Novi Sad (0.34); Nis (0.26); Kragujevac (0.18); Subotica (0.14) (0.18); Subotica Kragujevac (0.26); Nis (0.34); Sad Novi Belgrade (1.40) 98.8/98.2 č 34,339 17,552 88,360 50,509 i -6,192 -4,002 ć 2,190 5,558 1,921 4,378 1,711 54.5 0.92 11.2 -0.6 -7.1 104 612 416 3.7 7.0 1.9 9.9 2.0 4.4 8.4 0.8 16 22 80 75 67 95 56 22 22 32 95 12 .. Export: Protected areas Protected Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ofParty United Pensioners of Serbia Import: Labour market Development Development Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Others United Serbia -SDA Vojvodina of Liberal Democratic - Party League of Social Democrats Social Democratic Party Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Health Emissions Energy Employment in: Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Households with computer (per 100): CO Hospital beds (per 10,000): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): employment): total (% of Services Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Labour participation rate, female (%): Human Development Index (value): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, 2   (8%), Hungary (5%) Hungary (8%), Federation Russian (8%), (9%),China (13%), Italy Germany Romania (6%), Russian Federation (5%) (8%), Herzegovina and (12%), (12%), Bosnia Italy Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 73/78 0.799 95.8 31.2 10.5 57.2 15.9 12.7 25.5 15.6 1.46 73.4 72.1 56.1 34.1 26.9 29.4 51.0 47.5 207 6.6 9.1 2.2 6.6 6.3 63 18 32 10 16 9 5 6 7 .. in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in Education Society GDP) (% of services and goods in Migrant remittances Migrant remittances &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Left The Modern Centre (SMC) Party (Social liberalism) Social Democrats (SD) List of Marjan Sarec Slovenian Democratic (SDS, Party conservative) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SLOVENIA Urban population (%): population Urban FDI Water Trade Total tourism International Population (millions): Security in services (millions $) (millions services in Receipts (millions $): Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military (000): forces armed Total m (millions production water Desalinated (m withdrawal Water (km resources Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): GDP): (% of Receipts Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP Net enrolment rate (primary): (primary): rate enrolment Net (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult Water withdrawal by sector (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $) (millions goods in $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Deficit Public GDP per capita ($, PPP): PPP): ($, capita per GDP $): (millions GDP Inflows (millions $): (millions Inflows Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 41,141 35,435 5,706 75.9 3 ): ): Janez Janša Pahor Borut Parliamentary constitutional republic Slovenia of Republic Exports 36,767 46,162 9,395 85.2 Balance Maribor (0.10);Maribor Celje (0.05); Kranj (0.04) Ljubljana (0.29) 99.7/99.6 36,741 20,675 54,059 1,333 3,689 5,021 3,378 1,419 4,425 12.3 70.4 31.9 1.86 103 448 116 632 9.3 0.0 4.8 2.1 1.0 1.2 1.7 4.1 1.1 12 26 81 98 55 14 82 79 8 8 7 0 .. .. Development Development Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population Protected areas Protected Health Export: Import: Labour market Party of Alenka Bratusek Alenka of Party Economic Sectors Democratic Pensioners' of Party Slovenia (DESUS) (NSi) Party People's -Christian Slovenia New Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Others Slovenian National (SNS) Party Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Employment in: Energy Emissions Population age <15 age (%): Population ICT Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Consumption per capita (kg oil eq): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet used): (% energy Import Youth unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, Households with computer (per 100): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): CO employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Mobile subscriptions (per 100): Human Development Index (value): Labour participation rate, female (%): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Physicians density (per 10,000): Agriculture, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, (Single-issue) 2   Croatia (6%), (14%), China (8%), (16%), Italy Austria Germany France (6%) France (8%), Austria (8%), (13%), Croatia Italy (20%), Germany Emissions (mt per capita): (4%) Partners Trading Main 78/84 118.7 100.0 0.902 44.3 61.2 28.4 1.58 79.7 50.6 56.5 79.5 33.3 53.8 53.6 30.0 524 6.5 8.5 3.3 3.7 5.5 5.1 6.9 8.8 2.1 24 20 15 2 5 5 7 2 3

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 187 SLOVENIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 188 SPAIN Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC, independentist regional) wing) (left allies and We Can United right) Vox (far People's (PP, Party conservative) Spanish Socialist Workers' social (PSOE, Party democrat) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Congress of Deputies) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SPAIN Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 462,800 377,409 85,391 32.5 3 ): ): Exports Pedro Sánchez VI Felipe King Parliamentary constitutional monarchy Spain of Kingdom 491,945 149,167 342,778 34.5 Balance Madrid (6.62) Madrid Barcelona (5.49); Valencia (0.83); Zaragoza (0.73); Seville (0.70) (0.73); Seville Zaragoza (0.83); Valencia (5.49); Barcelona 1,427,533 98.9/98.0 505,935 -34,631 29,144 63,776 82,773 31,620 43,591 12,301 40,172 81,250 111.5 1.20 46.7 97.1 -2.5 120 196 364 126 674 2.0 0.9 1.7 2.4 0.3 1.3 4.2 9.8 80 13 52 65 89 94 35 88 19 97 .. Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy EH-Bildu (far left, basque nationalist) basque left, (far EH-Bildu Junts per Cat (independentist regional) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Basque Nationalist (Christian Party democratic nationalist) Citizens Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): Unemployment rate (%): Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2   States (4%) States United (11%), (7%), (13%), France Italy (8%), Germany China United Kingdom (7%) (8%), (11%), (16%), Portugal (8%), Germany France Italy Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 81/86 116.0 0.893 126.0 80.9 28.1 40.7 1.34 80.9 20.3 34.4 52.0 67.7 75.5 90.7 29.7 20.0 15.3 33.6 482 5.5 4.2 2.8 2.5 9.0 2.7 8.4 19 13 10 25 15 5 8 6 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total Migrant remittances FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population by led coalition (NFP, Front Progressive National Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (People’s Council of Syria) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official SYRIA Urban population (%): population Urban International tourism International Population (millions): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): Tourist arrivals (000): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Mean years of schooling: schooling: of years Mean (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Tourism receipts (million $): (million receipts Tourism GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water the Baath Party) Baath the 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 7,583 3 ): ): ...... Exports Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Dominant-party semi-presidential state Syrian Arab Republic 2,498 ...... Balance Damascus (2.39) Aleppo (1.92); Homs (1.34); Hamah (0.92); Latakia (0.66) Latakia (0.92); (1.34); (1.92); Hamah Homs Aleppo 185,180 -5,085 1,623 4,589 16.8 16.9 -1.0 200 239 854 5.1 8.3 ../.. 92 88 52 54 68 40 4 ...... Import: Export: Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant Independents Total fertility rate (births per woman): per (births rate fertility Total Energy Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Hospital beds (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Services, value added (% of GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Import (% energy used): (% energy Import eq): oil mt (millions Production employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption employment): total (% of Services employment): total (% of Industry Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Physicians density (per 10,000): 2   (7%), Republic of Korea (6%) Korea of (7%), Republic Ukraine (7%), (11%), Federation China (9%),Russian Turkey Germany (2%) (4%), (3%), Turkey Arabia (5%), Saudi Lebanon (66%), Iraq Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 67/78 101.1 0.549 14.0 55.4 62.2 11.0 20.9 14.6 2.85 26.8 12.2 246 154 1.3 0.7 8.9 4.1 0.2 0.5 8.3 14 50 31 5 ......

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 189 SYRIA Country Profiles IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 190 TUNISIA Country Profiles in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Free Destourian (Secularist, Party right wing) Dignity Coalition Democratic Current (Pan-Arabist) ofHeart Tunisia (NT) (Secularist,centre) Ennahda (Islamist) Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (National Constituent Assembly) Government: of Head State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official TUNISIA Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 24,596 21,434 3,162 61.4 3 ): ): Exports Elyes Fakhfakh Kais Saied Semi-Presidential Republic Republic of Tunisia 19,264 15,485 3,779 48.1 Balance Tunis (2.36) Tunis Sfax (0.75); Sousse (0.67); Kairouan (0.57) Kairouan (0.67); (0.75); Sousse Sfax 86.1/72.2 163,610 39,895 34,661 12,384 -5,332 -5,949 8,299 1,036 2,027 2,320 -13.3 0.60 11.6 77.0 -4.6 617 423 4.6 5.1 7.3 2.7 1.1 2.1 6.6 7.2 69 17 22 52 48 55 77 32 93 34 74 21 38 20 98 Import: Export: Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy Errahma Tahya Tounes (Secularist, liberalist) Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Others Machrouu Tounes (Nationalist, centre) People’s Movement (Secularist, Socialist) Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption eq): oil mt (millions Production 2   Turkey (8%), (15%), (10%), (16%), Germany China France Italy Libya (5%), (13%), (17%), (31%), Spain Italy Germany France Emissions (mt per capita): (3%) (5%) Partners Trading Main 75/79 127.7 0.739 47.5 12.7 14.6 2.22 52.6 11.3 32.7 13.3 35.1 23.9 59.1 10.4 53.9 64.2 21.8 15.5 22.7 2.3 7.9 7.0 1.0 1.0 5.5 88 14 30 15 91 24 8 4 4 in goods and services (millions $) (millions services and goods in in goods and services (% of GDP) (% of services and goods in Justice and Development (AKP, Party Islamism, Political represented parties in the current Parliament (seats) (Grand National Assembly) Government: of Head Security Water Education Society Trade Total tourism International FDI &Debt GDP Economy (%): rate growth population annual Average (%): population Urban Population density (hab/km km Area Main urban agglomerations (population in millions): Capital (urban agglomeration population in millions): Population Peoples' Democratic (HDP, Party Democratic socialist, democracy, (CHP, social Party People's Republican State: of Head Government: of Form Name:Official TURKEY Population (millions): Migrant remittances Migrant remittances Water resources (km resources Water Total armed forces (000): forces armed Total Tourist arrivals (000): in goods (millions $) (millions goods in Military expenditure (% of GDP): (% of expenditure Military m (millions production water Desalinated (% industry): sector by withdrawal Water (m withdrawal Water GDP): (% of expenditure R&D GDP): (% of education jn expenditure Public schooling: of years Mean enrolmentGross rate (secondary): (primary): rate enrolment Net $) (millions services in GDP): (% of Receipts Receipts (millions $): $): (millions Outflows (%): Rate Inflation $): (millions Debt External GDP): (% of Debt Public (%): growth GDP PPP): ($, capita per GDP Gross enrolment rate (tertiary): (tertiary): rate enrolment Gross $): (million receipts Tourism Adult literacy rate. Men / Women (%): /Women Men rate. literacy Adult $): (millions Inflows $): (millions GDP Public Deficit (% of GDP): GDP): (% of Deficit Public Water withdrawal by sector (% agriculture): sector by withdrawal Water conservative) anti-capitalist) laicist) 2 : 3 3 per capita): ): ): 2 ): Imports 239,886 216,515 23,371 31.3 3 ): ): Recep Tayyip Erdo Exports Recep Tayyip Erdo Parliamentary republic Turkey of Republic 223,350 174,600 48,750 29.1 Balance Ankara (5.12) Istanbul (15.19); Izmir (2.99); Bursa (1.98); Adana (1.77); Gaziantep (1.70); (1.77); (1.33) (1.98); Konya Adana (15.19); Gaziantep Bursa (2.99); Istanbul Izmir 98.8/93.5 771,274 445,139 785,350 -16,536 -41,915 25,379 45,768 12,944 28,044 37,140 211.6 3,608 1,139 0.96 82.3 16.3 30.2 -2.2 -3.1 291 138 512 106 107 728 ğ ğ 0.2 2.8 1.5 2.5 7.7 75 58 85 88 an an 1 5 .. .. Import: Export: Nationalist Movement (MHP, Party Turkish nationalist) Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 born alive): born 1,000 (per rate mortality Infant woman): per (births rate fertility Total (%): >64 age Population ICT Emissions Health Energy İ Development Development Employment in: Economic Sectors Life expectancy at birth. Men/Women (years): Vacants Others Independents Labour market Population age <15 age (%): Population Protected areas Protected Y İ Party (centre, Party Turkish nationalist) Mobile subscriptions (per 100): CO Services (% of total employment): total (% of Services Households with computer (per 100): Terrestrial (% of total land area): Passenger cars (per 1,000 people): Physicians density (per 10,000): Human Development Index (value): Import (% energy used): (% energy Import employment): total (% of Industry employment): total (% of Agriculture Youth unemployment rate (%): Labour participation rate, female (%): GDP): (% of added value Services, GDP): (% of added value Agriculture, Internet users (per 100): (per users Internet Hospital beds (per 10,000): Unemployment rate (%): GDP): (% of added value Industry, Marine (% of territorial waters): GDP): (% of Expenditure Health Total Human Development Index (position in ranking): eq): oil (kg capita per Consumption Production (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Production Consumption (millions mt oil eq): eq): oil mt (millions Consumption 2 

United States (6%), Italy (5%) (6%), Italy States United (10%), (10%), (10%), Germany China Federation Russian States (5%) States United (5%), (6%), Iraq (7%), Italy Kingdom (10%), United Germany Emissions (mt per capita): Partners Trading Main 74/80 0.806 136.7 97.3 55.3 17.2 2.08 79.2 26.7 18.4 19.7 34.1 54.3 54.9 74.0 28.5 10.9 29.5 36.9 135 4.4 0.2 5.8 9.1 0.1 4.3 1.8 49 37 14 59 25 8 7 6

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2020 191 TURKEY Country Profiles