DOCSLIB.ORG

Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Plantations Working Papers CASE STUDY OF THE TROPICAL FOREST PLANTATIONS IN MALAYSIA Based on the work in 1998 of D.B. Krishnapillay Consultant Edited by M. Varmola June 2002 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FP/23 Forest Resources Division FAO, Rome (Italy) Forestry Department ii Acknowledgements This working paper was carried out under the UK/FAO Trust Fund Project Timber Production from Hardwood Plantations in the Tropics and Sub-tropics (GCP/INT/628/UK). The project was funded by the Department for International Development (DFID) of the United Kingdom. Information gained from the various case studies and technical studies has been extensively used. Data from the review of hardwood plantation areas was, for example, used in FAO’s Global Fibre Supply Model (FAO 1998), the Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Study (FAO 1998), State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) 1997 (FAO 1997), 1999 (FAO 1999), and 2001 (FAO 2001), as well as in a number of other papers and studies. The UK/FAO project, further, formed the basis for a review of recent developments in hardwood plantations in the tropics, one of the studies on trends in plantations for the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 (FAO 2001). Disclaimer The Forest Plantations Working Papers report on issues and activities in forest plantations. These working papers do not reflect any official position of FAO. Please refer to the FAO website (http://www.fao.org/forestry) for official information. The purpose of these papers is to provide information on on-going activities and programmes, and to stimulate discussion. Comments and feedback are welcome. For further information please contact: Mr. Jim Carle, Senior Forestry Officer (Plantations and Protection) Forest Resources Development Service Forest Resources Division Forestry Department FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla I-00100 Rome (Italy) e-mail: [email protected] For quotation: FAO (2002). Case study of tropical forest plantations in Malaysia by D.B.A Krishnapillay. Forest Plantations Working Paper 23. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome (unpublished). iii ABSTRACT This report is an output of the project Hardwood Plantations in the Tropics and Subtropics (GCP/INT/628/UK), funded by the United Kingdom and executed by FAO. The overall aim of this project was to contribute to regional and global planning of timber (specifically hardwood timber) supplies in the medium-term. This study covered the case study of Malaysian tropical forest plantations. The study provides an overall historical resume of forest plantations in Malaysia showing that first plantings of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) were made already at the end of 1800s and in the beginning of 1900s for rubber production. Forest plantations have been dominated by Acasia mangium but many other species like teak (Tectona grandis), sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) and Eucalyptus and Pinus spp. species have been planted on a wide scale, too. Forest plantation area in 1997 was 180,000 ha of which 90,000 ha in Sabah, 77,000 in Peninsular Malaysia and 13,000 ha in Sarawak. Besides forest plantations there are some 1,650,000 ha of rubber plantations. It is estimated that annually around 2 million m3 of hevea wood logs are harvested and utilized for the production of furniture and furniture components. Forest plantation management is discussed to meet deficit in timber supply, to reduce pressure on natural forests and to ensure better land use. Constraints and challenges in forest plantations like ecological issues, land availability, species selection, supply of planting material, labour and mechanization are presented. Planting is constrained by a number of economic factors. These are the high initial capital investment to establish the forest plantations; the long period between initial planting efforts and harvesting and thus the corresponding concern for the high capital cost or interest being carried until harvesting period; the high biological and economic risk involved in forest plantations; and unattractive and inappropriate investment incentives provided by the government for forest plantation investments in the past. The Government has recently offered a monetary incentives package in the form of Pioneer Status (tax exemption from corporate tax of 100% for 10 years on all statutory income) and Investment Tax Allowance (an investment tax allowance at the rate of 100% of the statutory income for 5 years). Economic profitability of six different alternatives are compared namely: Hevea plantations for timber and latex production; Hevea plantation for timber production; sentang plantation; teak plantation; acacia plantation; and mixed plantation:of Hevea-sentang and Hevea-teak. As monoculture teak appears to provide highest return. The profitability of Hevea wood plus latex extraction depends highly on the price of Hevea wood. Mixed plantation of Hevea trees interspersed with sentang or teak is considered appropriate for smallholdings and is intended to maximize revenue from logs while ensuring a continuous flow of annual income during the latex exploitation period. iv ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank B/C Benefit Cost Ratio BRIS Sandy Coastal Soils EIA Environmental Impact Assessment FELDA Federal Land Development Authority FRIM Forest Research Institute Malaysia ICSB Innoprise Corporation Sendirian Berhad IRR Internal Rate of Return MAPA-NUPW Malaysian Agricultural Producers Association, National Union of Plantation Workers MDF Medium Density Fibreboard MTIB Malaysian Timber Industry Board MOU Memorandum of Understanding NPV Net Present Value PFE Permanent Forest Estate R&D Research and Development RISDA Rubber Replanting Development Authority RM Ringgit Malaysia (Malaysian Currency) RSS Rubberwood quality grade SAFODA Sabah Forestry Development Authority SFI Sabah Forest Industries SSSB Sabah Softwood Sendirian Berhad UNDP United Nations Development Programme v CONTENTS 1 Historical background of forest plantation development 1 1.1 Historical resume 1 1.2 Government policy 5 1.2.1 Wood for pulp and paper production 6 1.2.2 General utility 6 1.2.3 High quality timber 7 2 Current status of forest plantation development 8 2.1 Area, location, species and ownership 8 2.1.1 Peninsular Malaysia 8 2.1.2 Sabah 12 2.1.3 Sarawak 14 2.1.4 Malaysia 16 2.2 Management objective 18 2.2.1 To meet the anticipated deficit in timber supply 18 2.2.2 To reduce pressure on the natural forests 19 2.2.3 To ensure better land use 19 3 Constraints and challenges in forest plantations 19 3.1 Strategies in establishing forest plantations - issues to be resolved 19 3.1.1 Ecology 19 3.1.2 Land 19 3.1.3 Species selection 21 3.1.4 Inadequate supply of quality planting material 22 3.1.5 Labour and mechanization 22 3.1.6 Finance and private involvement 22 3.2 Government tax incentives and regulation 23 3.3 Privatization 23 4 Current status of rubber estates as forest plantations 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 Log production and consumption 24 4.3 Total area of land under Hevea plantations 24 5 Economic viability of Hevea, acacia, teak and sentang 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Different options 25 5.3 Assumptions 26 5.3.1 Product 26 5.3.2 Log volumes 26 5.3.3 Log prices 26 5.3.4 Silviculture and agro-management 26 5.3.5 Latex yield 27 5.3.6 Latex price 27 vi 5.4 Planting density and final stand 27 5.4.1 Log harvesting cost 28 5.4.2 Tapping cost 28 5.5 Limitations of the study 28 5.6 Return on investment 29 5.7 Discussion on viability 31 5.7.1 Mono-culture: wood extraction only 31 5.7.2 Mono-culture: Hevea wood – latex extraction (shorter planting cycle) 32 5.7.3 Mixed plantation: Hevea-teak and Hevea-sentang 33 6 Conclusions 33 References 34 Appendix 1. Assumptions of the various options 36 Appendix 2. Investment returns of various options 38 Appendix 3. Sensitivity analyses for mono-culture plantations: Wood extraction only 39 Appendix 4. Sensitivity analysis for mono-culture plantation: Hevea wood-latex extraction (2,000 ha; 15-year rotation) 40 Appendix 5. Sensitivity analysis for mixed plantation: Hevea-sentang (40 ha; 20-year rotation) 40 1 1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FOREST PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Historical resume Forest plantations are not new in concept and practice for Malaysia. However, interest in forest plantations lacked the required impetus in the distant past. It has vacillated quite a bit, influenced on one side from fear of impending timber deficits in the future and poor results from planting trials. Up until the 1970s, Malaysia was endowed with vast areas of natural forest. Under such superfluity it was considered unnecessary and unnatural to convert natural forest into unstable monocultures. A brief history of forest plantation trials can be found elsewhere (Appanah and Weinland 1993, Wyatt-Smith 1963). The most notable events in the history of plantation forestry in the country, especially in Peninsular Malaysia are summarised in Table 1. The situation in Sabah and Sarawak are more straightforward, and less illustrative to the changing tides in forest management that Malaysia underwent. Therefore, this chapter will mainly highlight the events on Peninsular Malaysia, and draw on the principal events in plantation development in Sabah and Sarawak Like with the management of natural forests, plantation trials were first begun in P. Malaysia, and then subsequently in Sabah and Sarawak. Records of planting forest species date back as far as 1880, when concern for loss of desired species was expressed (Hill 1900). There was concern over the rapid destruction of the taban forests and it was also becoming increasingly difficult to obtain railway sleepers. This was the gutta percha era when the nyatoh taban (Palaquium gutta) trees were heavily felled for gutta percha which fetched a very high price.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 25 the Land Capability Classification of Sabah Volume 1 the Tawau Residency
    25 The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency OdEXäxo] ßte©@x>a?®^ ®(^ Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency T-i2>S Land Resources Division The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency (with an Introduction and Summary for Volumes 1—4) P Thomas, F K C Lo and A J Hepburn Land Resource Study 25 Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower, Surbiton, Surrey, England KT6 7DY 1976 THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION The Land Resources Division of the Ministry of Overseas Development assists develop­ ing countries in mapping, investigating and assessing land resources, and makes recommendations on the use of these resources for the development of agriculture, livestock husbandry and forestry; it also gives advice on related subjects to overseas governments and organisations, makes scientific personnel available for appointment abroad and provides lectures and training courses in the basic techniques of resource appraisal. The Division works in close cooperation with government departments, research institutes, universities and international organisations concerned with land resource assessment and development planning.
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Sixth National Report
    SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) December 2019 i Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... vi Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... vii Preamble ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 1: UPDATED COUNTRY BIODIVERSITY PROFILE AND COUNTRY CONTEXT ................................... 1 1.1 Malaysia as a Megadiverse Country .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Major pressures and factors to biodiversity loss ................................................................................. 3 1.3 Implementation of the National Policy on Biological Diversity 2016-2025 ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Project Description Benta Wawasan IIC, Yayasan Sabah Forest Management Area, Kalabakan and Gunung Rara Forest Reserves, Tawau District, Sabah
    Proposed Oil Palm Plantation (OPP) and Industrial Tree Plantation (ITP) Development At Benta Wawasan I and Chapter 3 Project Description Benta Wawasan IIC, Yayasan Sabah Forest Management Area, Kalabakan and Gunung Rara Forest Reserves, Tawau District, Sabah Chapter 333 Project Description 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes the location of the proposed Project, the Project background, the statement of need, description of the Project concept, the surrounding land use, Project status and option as well as consideration concerning Project abandonment. The contents of this chapter are defined in accordance with EIA guideline specified by the Environment Protection Department (EPD), Sabah. 3.2 General Description The Project site (comprising of Benta I and Benta IIC) is located in the southeast corner of Sabah within the Tawau District, on the eastern coast of Sabah. The geographical position of the proposed development is between longitude 117 o 11’ E and 117 o 40’ E and between latitude of 4 o 23’N to 4 o 52’N (see Figure 2.2.1 ). In terms of straight-line distance, the furthest corners of the Project site stretch approximately 60 km from south to north and also 60 km from east to west. The proposed site partially encompasses the Forest Management Units (FMU) No. 22, 23, 25 and 26 (see Figure 3.2.1 ). Generally, Benta I is located in the Gunung Rara Reserve whereas Benta IIC is in the Kalabakan Forest Reserve, bordered by FMUs 16 and 20 to the north, Sabah Softwoods Bhd plantation to the east and south east, the township of Kalabakan to the south and Innoprise Corporation Sdn Bhd – ICSB’s international collaborative projects such as the SUAS project 3a , the INIKEA rehabilitation project 3b , the RBJ/NEP Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) Project 3c to the west of the Project area (see Figure 3.2.1 ).
    [Show full text]
  • WAGS Air Kuning Head Office
    PF824 MSPO Public Summary Report Revision 0 (Aug 2017) MALAYSIAN SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL –1st ANNUAL SURVEILLANCE ASSESSMENT Public Summary Report WAGS Air Kuning Head Office: Wild Asia Sdn Bhd No. 24, Jalan Sri Hartamas 12 Taman Sri Hartamas 50480 Kuala Lumpur Certification Unit: Wild Asia Group Scheme – Air Kuning Location of Certification Unit: Air Kuning, Perak, Malaysia Report prepared by: Elzy Ovktafia (Lead Auditor) Report Number: 9674354 Assessment Conducted by: BSI Services Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Unit 3, Level 10, Tower A The Vertical Business Suites, Bangsar South No. 8, Jalan Kerinchi 59200 Kuala Lumpur Tel +603 2242 4211 Fax +603 2242 4218 www.bsigroup.com Page 1 of 86 PF824 MSPO Public Summary Report Revision 0 (Aug 2017) TABLE of CONTENTS Page No Section 1: Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Organizational Information and Contact Person ........................................................ 3 1.2 Certification Information ......................................................................................... 3 1.3 Location of Certification Unit ................................................................................... 3 1.4 Plantings & Cycle ................................................................................................... 4 1.5 FFB Production (Actual) and Projected (tonnage) ...................................................... 4 1.6 Certified CPO / PK Tonnage ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Transportation System in the East Coast of Sabah
    International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-9 Issue-4, November 2020 Study on the Transportation System in the East Coast of Sabah Mohd Azizul Bin Ladin, Fariq Ismeth Jaimin, Nazaruddin Abdul Taha, Lillian Gungat, Abdul Karim Mirasa, Sidah Binti Idris Abstract: Being situated in eastern Malaysia, Sabah is one of be divided into two areas, urban and rural. Within the urban the states which have a firm economic foundation through areas of Sabah, the road networks are better, and some types agriculture, forestry as well as petroleum industries. However, of public transportation, although unreliable, are available for even though it is rich with the natural resources that have long the public. However, like other urban road networks in the served for the country’s economic growth, as a whole, Sabah is considered a little behind her counterparts in the Peninsular world, it faces its main adversary, the road congestion. This Malaysia in terms of infrastructure and development. This study causes pollution and harm to the environment as well as the mainly examines the transportation network in Semporna, Tawau health of the citizens within the area. Moving on to the rural and Lahad Datu which is mostly in poor condition. This is side of Sabah, congestion is not a serious issue as the road because it is extensively used for the industrial activities including network in the area is not connected enough to even create logging, palm industries and quarries. Based on the survey, it is road congestion. The sight of gravel roads, mud path, and found that the road mostly had potholes, edge raveling, uneven surfaces, road rutting, congestion problems and limited parking potholes are the norm.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study on Development for Enhancing Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Sabah, Malaysia
    No. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE JAPAN INTERNATIONAL AND FOOD INDUSTRY COOPERATION AGENCY SABAH, MALAYSIA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II FEBRUARY 2004 KRI INTERNATIONAL CORP. AFA JR 04-13 THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT AND SUPPORTING BOOKS MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT VOLUME I - MASTER PLAN - FINAL REPORT VOLUME II - SITUATION ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION SURVEY - PUANDESA DATABOOK PUANDESA GUIDELINE FOR RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS - HOW TO START A MICRO BUSINESS IN YOUR COMMUNITY - EXCHANGE RATE (as of 30 December 2003) US$1.00 = RM3.8= Yen107.15 LOCATION MAP PUANDESA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT CONTENTS LOCATION MAP PART I: SITUATION ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1: STUDY OUTLINE ..........................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY....................................................................................................2 1.3 TARGET GROUP OF THE STUDY ...........................................................................................2 1.4 MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND TIME-FRAME...............................................................................2 1.5 NICKNAME OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Malaysia
    Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Curriculum Vitae Malaysia Lot 7, Lorong Suria, Off Lorong Buah Duku 1, Taman Perindustrian Suria, Jalan Kolombong, 88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia +60 (088) 381277 [email protected] 1. Family name: Lee 2. Given names: Kuok Chiang @ Terence 3. Date of birth: 3 July 1980 4. Passport holder: Malaysian 5. Education: Institution Degree(s) or Diploma(s) obtained: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil 2009 (Environmental) Other Training Year Subject and place 2011 EIA Induction Course 4/2011 Department of Environment 2010 Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC) Department of Environment 2008 Seminar on Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMs) Department of Environment 2008 Sea Survival & Offshore Safety Procedures, Helicopter underwater Escape Training with EBS and Basic Fire Fighting & Self Rescue SMTC Global 2007 Latest Development on ESCP Requirement for Drainage Plan Submission Department of Irrigation and Drainage 2007 Waste Management Conference and Exhibition Environmental management & Research Association of Malaysia (ENSEARCH) 2007 In house training: Water Quality Modeling Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd 2006 Workshop on How to Design Detention/sediment Basins and Culverts for Compliance with the “Urban Stormwater management Manula for Malaysia by DID Dr. Quek and Associates 6. Language skills: Indicate competence on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 - excellent; 5 - basic) Language Reading Speaking Writing English 2 2 2 Malay 2 2 2 Chinese 2 2 2 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Colony of North Borneo Annual Report
    «r; • c- 2.^.0- COLONIAL REPORTS North Borneo .-•■■'■ . ■ - - ■ LONDON HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1956 1 i Designed, printed and bound by the Technical Staff of the Government Printing Department, North Borneo, 1956 Contents Page PART i Chapter 1 General Review ... ... ... ... 1 PART II Chapter 1 Population ... ... ... ... 9 2 Occupation, Wages and Labour Organisation ... 14 3 Public Finance and Taxation ... ... 20 4 Currency and Banking ... ... ... 27 5 Commerce ... ... ... ... 28 6 Production Land Utilisation and Ownership ... ... 34 Agriculture ... ... ... ... 39 Animal Husbandry ... ... ... 46 Drainage and Irrigation ... .. 48 Forests ... ... ... ... 49 Fisheries ... ... ... ... 57 7 Social Services Education ... ... ... ... 60 Public Health ... ... ... ... 68 Housing and Town Planning ... 74 Social Welfare ... ... ... ... 77 8 Legislation ... ... ... ... 84 9 Justice, Police and Prisons Justice ... ... ... ... 86 Police ... ... ... ... 87 Prisons ... ... ... ... 93 10 Public Utilities and Public Works Public Works Department ... ... 96 Electricity ... ... ... ... 98 Water ... ... ... ... 99 11 Communications Harbours and Shipping ... ... 102 Railways ... ... ... ... 106 Roads ... ... ... ... 109 Road Transport ... ... Ill Air Communications ... ... ... Ill Posts ... ... ... ... 114 Telecommunications ... ... ... 114 12 Government Information Services, Broadcasting, Press and Films ... ... ... 116 13 Geology ... ... ... ... 122 PART III Chapter 1 Geography and Climate ... ... ... 129 2 History History ... ... ... ... 134 List
    [Show full text]
  • 1970 Population Census of Peninsular Malaysia .02 Sample
    1970 POPULATION CENSUS OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA .02 SAMPLE - MASTER FILE DATA DOCUMENTATION AND CODEBOOK 1970 POPULATION CENSUS OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA .02 SAMPLE - MASTER FILE CONTENTS Page TECHNICAL INFORMATION ON THE DATA TAPE 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA FILE 2 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1: HOUSEHOLD RECORD 4 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2: PERSON RECORD (AGE BELOW 10) 5 INDEX OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3: PERSON RECORD (AGE 10 AND ABOVE) 6 CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 1 7 CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 2 15 CODES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF VARIABLES FOR RECORD TYPE 3 24 APPENDICES: A.1: Household Form for Peninsular Malaysia, Census of Malaysia, 1970 (Form 4) 33 A.2: Individual Form for Peninsular Malaysia, Census of Malaysia, 1970 (Form 5) 34 B.1: List of State and District Codes 35 B.2: List of Codes of Local Authority (Cities and Towns) Codes within States and Districts for States 38 B.3: "Cartographic Frames for Peninsular Malaysia District Statistics, 1947-1982" by P.P. Courtenay and Kate K.Y. Van (Maps of Adminsitrative district boundaries for all postwar censuses). 70 C: Place of Previous Residence Codes 94 D: 1970 Population Census Occupational Classification 97 E: 1970 Population Census Industrial Classification 104 F: Chinese Age Conversion Table 110 G: Educational Equivalents 111 H: R. Chander, D.A. Fernadez and D. Johnson. 1976. "Malaysia: The 1970 Population and Housing Census." Pp. 117-131 in Lee-Jay Cho (ed.) Introduction to Censuses of Asia and the Pacific, 1970-1974. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Population Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Welcome Note
    WELCOME NOTE Dear Colleagues, On behalf of the Central Organising Committee, we cordially invite you to participate in our 10th edition of Sabah Public Health Colloquium 2015. The theme for this year’s edition is “Public Health Challenges: Turning Adversity into An Opportunity”. It will be held in Four Points by Sheraton Hotel, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia from 5th - 7th October 2015. The organising committee has carefully outlined a programme that provides opportunities for enhancement in scientific knowledge as well as personal experiences. Delegates will have the opportunity to listen to speakers with outstanding experience and expertise in areas like Vector Borne Diseases, Communicable Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases, Maternal and Child Health and Disaster Management. The Pre conference workshop will focus on data analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. In honour of all the delegates, a colourful“Malam Muhibbah” dinner with the theme of “Retro Night” will be held on 6th October 2015. Sandakan is situated at the East Coast of Sabah, at the heart of Borneo. Sandakan Town is blessed with a scenic waterfront promenade with unobstructed Sandakan Bay sea view. The Sandakan Harbour Square Mall offers a hassle-free retail outlets. Sandakan is internationally renowned for its wildlife and historical sites such as the Sepilok Orang Utan Sanctuary, Rainforest Discovery Centre, Turtle Island Park, Agnes Keith House and many more. Accommodations For convenience, some of the accommodation in Sandakan are listed below. Kindly contact secretariat
    [Show full text]
  • Borneo's New World
    Borneo’s New World Newly Discovered Species in the Heart of Borneo Dendrelaphis haasi, a new snake species discovered in 2008 © Gernot Vogel © Gernot Heart of Borneo Vision With this report, WWF’s Initiative in support of the Heart of Borneo recognises the work of scientists The equatorial rainforests of the Heart and researchers who have dedicated countless hours to the discovery of of Borneo are conserved and effectively new species in the Heart of Borneo, managed through a network of protected for the world to appreciate and in its areas, productive forests and other wisdom preserve. sustainable land-uses, through cooperation with governments, the private sector and civil society. Cover photos: Main / View of Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah © Eric in S F (sic); © A.Shapiro (WWF-US). Based on NASA, Visible Earth, Inset photos from left to right / Rhacophorus belalongensis © Max Dehling; ESRI, 2008 data sources. Dendrobium lohokii © Amos Tan; Dendrelaphis kopsteini © Gernot Vogel. A declaration of support for biodiversity In February 2007, an historic Declaration to conserve the Heart of Borneo, an area covering 220,000km2 of irreplaceable rainforest on the world’s third largest island, was officially signed between its three governments – Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia. That single ground breaking decision taken by the three WWF’s Heart of Borneo Initiative governments to safeguard one of the most biologically rich and diverse habitats on earth, was a massive To support the efforts of the three governments, WWF visionary step. Its importance is underlined by the launched a large scale conservation initiative, one that number and diversity of species discovered in the Heart spans the local-to-global spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia-Indonesia Cross-Border Governance: Is There a Trade-Off Between Security and Economic Development? Journal of International Studies, 15, 21-34
    Journal of International Studies Vol. 15, 21-34 (2019) How to cite this article: Anuar, A. R., & Harun, A. (2019). Malaysia-Indonesia cross-border governance: Is there a trade-off between security and economic development? Journal of International Studies, 15, 21-34 Malaysia-Indonesia Cross-Border Governance: Is There a Trade-off between Security and Economic Development? 1Abdul Rahim Anuar & 2 Azhar Harun 1School of International Studies, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia 2School of Government, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia [email protected]; [email protected] Received:17/6/2019 Revised: 4/9/2019 Accepted: 2/10/2019 Published: 31/12/2019 Abstract The National Security Council of Malaysia has declared the east coast of Sabah as the Eastern Sabah Security Zone (ESSZONE) to inhibit security threats and enhance security in the east coast of Sabah. This study employed an in-depth interview with the stakeholders involved in security governance and development in the study area. The selection of stakeholders was based on expert sampling. Secondary data relating to maritime economic activities were also used to reinforce the findings of the in-depth interview. The study areas were Tawau (Sabah) and Sebatik Island. Sebatik Island is divided into two regions; the northern region is owned by Malaysia and the south is owned by Indonesia. This paper examined the impact of ESSZONE’s security policy toward economic activities in Tawau and Sebatik Island. The security policy implemented by the Eastern Sabah Security Command (ESSCOM) in Sabah’s east coast has a negative impact on maritime economic activities in Tawau and Pulau Sebatik.
    [Show full text]