The Study on Development for Enhancing Rural Women Entrepreneurs in Sabah, Malaysia
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No. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE JAPAN INTERNATIONAL AND FOOD INDUSTRY COOPERATION AGENCY SABAH, MALAYSIA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME II FEBRUARY 2004 KRI INTERNATIONAL CORP. AFA JR 04-13 THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT AND SUPPORTING BOOKS MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT VOLUME I - MASTER PLAN - FINAL REPORT VOLUME II - SITUATION ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION SURVEY - PUANDESA DATABOOK PUANDESA GUIDELINE FOR RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS - HOW TO START A MICRO BUSINESS IN YOUR COMMUNITY - EXCHANGE RATE (as of 30 December 2003) US$1.00 = RM3.8= Yen107.15 LOCATION MAP PUANDESA THE STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT FOR ENHANCING RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA FINAL REPORT CONTENTS LOCATION MAP PART I: SITUATION ANALYSIS CHAPTER 1: STUDY OUTLINE ..........................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY....................................................................................................2 1.3 TARGET GROUP OF THE STUDY ...........................................................................................2 1.4 MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND TIME-FRAME...............................................................................2 1.5 NICKNAME OF THE STUDY ...................................................................................................6 1.6 OPERATION STRUCTURE .......................................................................................................6 CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW OF THE STATE OF SABAH...................................................................8 2.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS..........................................................................................................8 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS...............................................................................................8 2.4 STATE DEVELOPMENT PLANS ............................................................................................14 2.5 STATE GOVERNMENTADMINISTRATION ........................................................................17 2.6 INTERVENTIONS BY INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT PARTNERS AND NGOS......21 CHAPTER 3: AGRO-RELATED SECTORS......................................................................................22 3.1 AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT POLICY ..........................................................................22 3.2 MAJOR ACTIVITIES AND PRODUCTS ................................................................................23 3.3 MARKET AND DISTRIBUTION OF AGRO-RELATED PRODUCTS ..................................32 3.4 IMPLICATIONS TO THE MASTER PLAN FRAMEWORK...................................................41 CHAPTER 4: WOMEN IN THE RURAL AREA ...............................................................................44 4.1 NATIONALAND STATE POLICIES AND MACHINERY TO SUPPORT RURAL WOMEN44 4.2 LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE RURALAREA .....................................................................45 4.5 IMPLICATIONS TO THE MASTER PLAN .............................................................................72 i CHAPTER 5: SUPPORTING AGENCIES..........................................................................................76 5.1 SUPPORTING SYSTEM FOR RURAL WOMEN’S ACTIVITIES..........................................76 5.2 EVALUATION ON SUPPORTING PROGRAMS ....................................................................92 5.3 IMPLICATIONS TO THE MASTER PLAN .............................................................................97 PART II VERIFICATION SURVEY CHAPTER 6: MASTER PLAN FRAMEWORK...............................................................................101 6.1 ANALYSIS OF TARGET GROUP..........................................................................................101 6.2 FORMULATION OF GOALS.................................................................................................106 6.3 MASTER PLAN FRAMEWORK ...........................................................................................108 CHAPTER 7 PILOT PROJECT PLANNING....................................................................................109 7.1 OUTLINE OF VERIFICATION SURVEY..............................................................................109 7.2 FORMULATION OF THE PILOT PROJECTS.......................................................................109 7.3 OUTLINE OF THE PILOT PROJECTS..................................................................................115 7.4 PILOT PROJECTS AND MASTER PLAN FRAMEWORK ..................................................118 7.5 OPERATION AND MONITORING........................................................................................119 CHAPTER 8: PROCESS AND ACHIEVEMENT OF THE PILOT PROJECTS...........................126 8.1 PILOT PROJECT 1: PROJECT OF THINKING AND WORKING WITH RURAL WOMEN .................................................................................................................................................126 8.2 PILOT PROJECT 2: PROJECT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF A ONE-STOP SERVICE FOR RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS..................................................................................130 8.3 PILOT PROJECT 3: PROJECT OF UTILIZATION OF UNUSED PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES ..........................................................................................................................133 8.4 PILOT PROJECT 4: PROJECT OF SEAWEED CULTUREAND PROCESSING.................137 8.5 PILOT PROJECT 5: PROJECT OF IMPROVEMENT AND INNOVATION OF KPD TAMU FUNCTION.............................................................................................................................142 8.6 PILOT PROJECT 6: PROJECT OF PROMOTION OF LOCAL PRODUCTS UNDER KUDAT TOURISM DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................147 8.7 PILOT PROJECT 7: PARTICIPATORY METHOD TRAINING ON SOCIALAND GENDER ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................................151 8.8 PILOT PROJECT 8: PROJECT OF STRENGTHENING OF A COORDINATION BODY FOR RURAL WOMEN EMPOWERMENT....................................................................................155 8.9 PILOT PROJECT 9: PROJECT OF REINFORCEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION NETWORK FOR HANDICRAFT PROMOTION ..................................................................159 ii 8.10 PILOT PROJECT 10: PROJECT OF EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MICRO-FINANCE SCHEME FOR RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS .........................................................................163 8.11 PILOT PROJECT 11: PROJECT OF IMPROVEMENT OF POLICY MAKERS’ UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT ....................................................................................165 CHAPTER 9: POST EVALUATION OF THE PILOT PROJECTS ................................................170 9.1 METHOD AND SCHEDULE OF POST EVALUATION .......................................................170 9.2 FINDINGS OF THE POST EVALUATION ............................................................................171 9.3 INCOME GENERATION IN THE PILOT PROJECTS ..........................................................187 CHAPTER 10: LESSONS LEARNED................................................................................................198 10.1 LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE SUPPORTING AGENCIES...........................................198 10.2 LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE TARGET GROUPS........................................................199 10.3 LESSONS LEARNED FROM JAPAN’S EXPERIENCE .......................................................210 CHAPTER 11: ACCOMPLISHMENT OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.....................................221 11.1 TARGET GROUPS AND MAJOR ACTIVITIES ...................................................................221 11.2 OUTCOME OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ...........................222 11.3 COUNTERPART TRAINING IN JAPAN ...............................................................................226 CHAPTER 12: COMPLETION OF THE MASTER PLAN .............................................................227 12.1 NEEDS OF THE RURAL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS......................................................227 12.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RELATED AGENCIES...........................................................232 12.3 RESULTS OF THE PIROT PROJECT AND COMPLETION OF THE MASTER PLAN ......233 12.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE MASTER PLAN FORMULATION ..................................................234 12.5 PLANNING PRINCIPLES......................................................................................................234 12.6 TARGET AREA ......................................................................................................................236 12.7 TARGET GROUPS .................................................................................................................236 12.8 GOALS AND EXPECTED OUTPUT .....................................................................................237 12.9 ACTION PLANS OF MASTER PLAN...................................................................................238 PUANDESA GLOSSARY AND REFERENCES APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PUANDESA STUDY MEMBERS STEERING COMMITTEE TECHNICAL