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General Catalogue of the Hemiptera of the World, Which Is Devoted to the Superfamily Fulgoroidea

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General Catalogue of the Hemiptera of the World, Which Is Devoted to the Superfamily Fulgoroidea GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE HEMIPTERA G. HORVATH, General Editor H. M. PARSHLEY, Managing Editor FASCICLE IV FULGOROIDEA PART 2 CIXIIDAE BY Z. P. METCALF, D.Sc. College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University of North Carolina PUBLISHED BY SMITH COLLEGE, NORTHAMPTON, MASS., U. S. A. 1936 GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THE HEMIPTERA G. HORVATH, General Editor =o H. M. PARSHLEY, Managing Editor ^H° FASCICLE IV CD FULGOROIDEA PART 2 CIXIIDAE BY Z. P. METCALF, D.Sc. College of Agriculture and Etigineering of the University of North Carolina PUBLISHED BY SMITH COLLEGE, NORTHAMPTON, MASS., U. S. A. \ 193 6 iTfir (SalUgiatr Prraa GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY MENASHA, WIS. EDITORIAL BOARD H. G. Barber H. B. Hungerford W. E. China H. H. Knight C. J. Drake Z. P. Mercalf W. D. Funkhouser H. M. Parshley G. Horvath J. R. de la Torre-Bueno FULGOROIDEA CIXIIDAE BY Z. P. Metcalf INTRODUCTION The present catalogue of the family Cixiidae forms Part 2 of Fascicle IV of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera of the world, which is devoted to the superfamily Fulgoroidea. CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILY The family Cixiidae is one of the larger families of the Fulgoroidea. It contains 84 genera and 786 species. They are, for the most part, medium or medium small fulgorids. The head is not elaborately developed as it is in many fulgorids but is relatively simple, with simple two-joined antennae each of which has a terminal j&agellum. In the tribe Bothriocerini the antenna is sunk into a pit or the head is provided with sub-antennal processes. The third or median ocellus is often present. Tegulae are present. The wings are usually macropterous and the venation is quite character- istic; subcosta, radius, and media are generally united into a common stem from the basal cell, with the stem of subcosta and radius long or short; typically, the branches of subcosta form a nodal cell; radius and media have a few branches, therefore only a small number of anteapical and apical cells are formed; the claval suture is distinct; the claval veins unite into a claval stem which ends in the commisural margin. The legs are usually simple; the hind tibiae are long, either without or with only a few lateral spines; characteristically there is a circle of apical spines at the apex of the hind tibia. In the male genitalia: the pygofer is usually bulky with the anal segment large and the anal style reduced; the genital styles are generally large, flat and thin; the aedeagus consists of a simple tube, often divided into two segments. The ovipositor is either complete or reduced. CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED The classification adopted in this catalogue is the one proposed by Muir in 1925. Muir recognized 90 genera distributed into two tribes as tabulated below: Family CIXIIDAE Spinola Tribe Cixiini Muir Tribe Bothriocerini Muir HISTORICAL RESUME The earliest European systematic entomologists recognized the common species in this group, and Linne, Fabricius, De Geer, Olivier and others gave names to well known European species under the genera Cicada and Fulgora. The family was not recognized as a group until it was described under the name Cixiodes by Spinola in his "Essai sur les Fulgorelles" in 1839. Walker and Stal described numerous genera and species from various parts of the world. 4 Introduction In Europe, Fieber, Scott, Edwards, Sahlberg, Buckton, Melichar, Oshanin and others described and catalogued various genera and species of this family. In the Americas, there have been numerous papers by Ball, Berg, Blanchard, Uhler, Van Duzee, Fowler, Metcalf, Dozier and others. The species and genera from the other parts of the world have been studied and described by White, Atkinson, Kirby, Melichar, Matsumura, Kirkaldy, Hutton, Distant, Jacobi, E. Schmidt, Schumacher, Bergevin, Haupt, Osborn, Muir, Myers, Lallemand, Hesse, and Kusnezov. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The 786 species of this family are widely distributed in all regions of the world save the extreme Arctic and Antarctic regions. The faunas of Europe, North America, Central America, Hawaiian Islands, Japan, India and New Zealand are fairly well known, but vast regions of the world have hardly been explored. FORM OF THE PRESENT CATALOGUE This catalogue follows the general form of the present series. The family is divided into tribes, and the genera are arranged under the tribes in as near a phylogenetic order as our present knowledge will permit. The species are arranged under the genera in an alphabetic sequence. All references have been checked against the original save those marked with an asterisk (*), which have been accepted from reliable sources. Every effort has been made to have the references full and complete and to give an indication of the character of the data contained. Where reprints have been published with different pages these pages are inserted in parenthesis following the pages of the original. In a few cases where the matter has been reprinted under a different title with different pages separate references are given. Where authentic editions have been published these have been indicated by sepa- rate references. Genera established without included species have been dated from their original description with their type fixation from the date of the first included species. Original spellings have been retained in all cases, except obvious typographical errors; and the original termination of specific names has been retained regardless of the termination of the generic name under which the species is at present located. The species have also been listed under every known combination so that it is possible to find any species without recourse to the index which will be published at the completion of the fascicle, together with the full bibliography. A catalogue is not a revision of a group and the location of the genera and species in the present catalogue is merely an attempt to reflect what is believed to be the general consensus of the best authorities at the present time. Doubtful genera and species have been included to call them to the attention of subsequent revisers. Z. P. Metcalf Raleigh, North Carolina July, 1934. List of Families Super-Family FULGOROIDEA Latreille Family TETTIGOMETRIDAE Germar Family ClXIIDAE Spinola Family AraeoPIDAE Metcalf Family Derbidae Spinola Family ACHILIXIIDAE Muir Family Meenoplidae Muir Family KiNNARIDAE Muir Family DiCTYOPHARIDAE Spinola Family FULGORIDAE Latreille Family ACHILIDAE Stal Family TROPIDUCHIDAE Stal Family NOGODINIDAE Muir Family FLATIDAE Spinola Family ACANALONIIDAE Amyot and Serville Family ISSIDAE Spinola Family RiCANIIDAE Stal Family LOPHOPIDAE Stal Family EURYBRACHIDAE Stal Family ClXIIDAE Spinola Cixioides 1839 Spinola, Ann. Soc. Ent. France 8: 204. Subfamily. [Key to genera.] :311. [Listed.] :202. [Key.] Cixioides 1840 Duponchel, Rev. Zool. 2: 203. Subfamily. [Descriptions and types of genera.] Cixiodes 1844 Blanchard, Diet. Univ. d'Hist. Nat. 3: 728. Group. [Listed.] Cixiites 1844 Blanchard, Diet. Univ. d'Hist. Nat. 3: 728. Group. [Note.] Cixiites 1845 Blanchard, Hist. Ins. 2: 423. Group. [List of genera.] Cixiidae 1850 Schaum, AUg. Ency. Ersch und Gruber 51: 64. Family. [Key.] :67. [Listed.] Cixioides 1851 Walker, List Homop. British Mus. 2: 335. Sub-tribe. [Descriptions of new genera and species. List of known species.] Cixioideae 1852 Spinola, Tavola sinottica :50. Subfamily. [Key to genera.] Cixiidae 1853 Stal, Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 10: 264. [Listed.] Cixioides 1857 Walker, Jour. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1 : 87. Subtribe. [Genera and species from Malay.] Cixioides 1857 Walker, Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool. 1: 146. Subtribe. [Descriptions of many new species from Borneo.] Cixioides 1858 Walker, Insecta Saundersiana :41. Subtribe. [New species from various parts of the world.] Cixioides 1858 Walker, List Homop. British Mus. Suppl. :75. Subtribe. [New species from various parts of the world.] Cixiides 1863 Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 36: 105. [Species from Cey- lon.] Cixiida 1866 Stal, Hemip. Africana 4: 164. Subfamily. [Key to known genera. Descriptions of African genera and species.] :129. [Key.] :263, [Listed.] Cixiida 1867 Dallas, Zool. Rec. 3: 558. Subfamily. [Key.] Cixiida 1869 Stal, Hemip. Fabriciana 2: 92. Subfamily. [Synonymy of species described by Fabricius.] Cixiidae 1870 Scott, Ent. Monthly Mag. 7: 118. Family. [Described.] Cixiina 1870 Stal, Ofv. Svenska Vet. Akad. Forh. 27: 746. Subfamily. [Philip- pine species.] Cixiidae 1870 Scott, Ent. Monthly Mag. 7: 146. Family. [Revision of British species.] Cixioides 1870 Walker, Jour. Linn. Soc. Zool. 10: 103. Subtribe. [Descriptions of new species from Indian Archipelago.] Cixiides 1871 Sahlberg, Not. Fenn. (n.s.) 9 (12) :73. Tribe. [Key.] :377. [Descrip- tions of genera and species.] Cixiidae 1872 Uhler, Prelim. Rept. United States Geol. Surv. Wyoming :472, [Listed.] Cixiidae 1872 Fieber, Kat. Europaischen Cicad. :3. [List of European genera and species.] Cixiites 1875 Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins. 2: 423. Group. [Listed.] Cixiidae 1876 Douglas and Scott, Cat. British Hemip. :65. [Catalogue of British genera and species.] General Catalogue of the Hemiptera Cixiidae Cixiina 1879 Berg, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 8: 184. Subfamily. [Descriptions of genera and species from Argentina.] Cixiidae 1879 White, Ent. Monthly Mag. 15: 215. Subfamily. [New genera and species from New Zealand.] Cixiina 1879 Berg, Hemip. Argentina: 219. Subfamily. [Descriptions of genera and species from Argentina.] Cixiidae 1882 Pascoe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) 9: 425. [Key.] Cixiina 1883 Berg, An. Soc. Cient. Argentina 16: 187. Subfamily. [Listed.] Cixiidae 1884 Edwards, Trans. Nat. Soc. Norwich 3:713. Family. [List of species from Norfolk.] Cixiida 1884 Uhler, Standard Nat. Hist. 2 : 229, 240. Subfamily. [Notes.] Cixiina 1884 Berg, Add. Hemip. Argentina :132. Subfamily. [Listed.] CLxiinae 1885 Kirby, Elem. Text-book Ent. 1st. Ed. :212. Subfamily. [Notes.] Ci.xiina 1886 Atkinson, Jour. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 55: 31. Subfamily. [Descrip- tions of Indian genera and species.] Cixiidae 1886 Edwards, Syn. British Homop.-Cicadina Pt. 1 : 50. [Keys to genera and species with descriptions.] :44. [Key.] Cixiinae 1889 Ashmead, Ent. Amer. 5: 2.
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