DOCSLIB.ORG

Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): Catalogue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Copyright notice printed on page 4 applies to the use of this PDF. This PDF is not to be posted on websites. Links should be made to: FNZ.LandcareResearch.co.nz EDITORIAL BOARD Dr R. M. Emberson, c/- Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand Dr M. J. Fletcher, Director of the Collections, NSW Agricultural Scientific Collections Unit, Forest Road, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia Dr R. J. B. Hoare, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Dr M.-C. Larivière, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Mr R. L. Palma, Natural Environment Department, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 63 Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue M.-C. Larivière1, M. J. Fletcher2, and A. Larochelle3 1, 3 Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 2 Industry & Investment NSW, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange NSW 2800, Australia 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2010 4 Larivière, Fletcher & Larochelle (2010): Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2010 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication Larivière, Marie-Claude Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera) : catalogue / M.-C. Larivière, M. J. Fletcher and A. Larochelle ; with colour photographs by B. E. Rhode. – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2010. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111-5383 (print), ISSN 1179-7193 (online) ; no. 63). ISBN 978-0-478-34720-3 (print) ISBN 978-0-478-34721-0 (online) I. Fletcher, M. J. II. Larochelle, André, 1940 Apr. 10– III. Title IV. Series UDC 595.753 Suggested citation: Larivière, M.-C.; Fletcher, M. J.; Larochelle, A. 2010. Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera): catalogue. Fauna of New Zealand 63, 232 pp. Prepared for publication by the series editor and the authors using computer-based text processing, layout, and printing at Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. Colour photographs prepared by Dr B. E. Rhode using a 3-CCD colour video camera, software to increase depth-of-field, and the photoprocessing software PhotoShop® To access on-line extracts and medium-resolution pdfs from this series visit: http://fnz.landcareresearch.co.nz/ M~ori text by H. Jacob, Ætaki. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Date of publication 16 June 2010 Front cover: Thanatodictya tillyardi Myers, family Dictyopharidae (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Fauna of New Zealand 63 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Hemiptera Suborder Auchenorrhyncha Cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and allies (Auchenorrhyncha) The Auchenorrhyncha are generally regarded as a suborder of the Hemiptera. They include planthoppers, cicadas, froghoppers, spittlebugs, treehoppers, and leafhoppers. These insects are highly diverse and form a major component of the plant-feeding fauna of most terrestrial ecosystems. Auchenorrhyncha have adopted varied life habits on nearly Illustration / Whakaahua: Sulix tasmani (Muir), family all continents and islands (except Antarctica) and there may Delphacidae (Illustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: D. W. Helmore). be around 42 000 species described worldwide. The world fauna is divided into roughly 30 to 40 families. The number of species of better known continental faunas such as North America, Europe or Australia may include thousands of spe- Ng~ kihikihi, ng~ peke-rau, ng~ peke-tipu, me Ç r~tou cies. Compared with these larger regions the New Zealand uri tata (ar~ , a ng~ i Auchenorrhyncha) fauna – currently comprising 12 families, 68 genera and 196 E whakaaetia nuitia ana he pãtoi-iti a ng~i Auchenorrhyncha species – may appear relatively small but what it lacks in size nÇ ng~i Hemiptera. Kei t‘nei karangatanga ng~ ng~rara it makes up for in uniqueness, e.g., 82% of known species do peke-tipu, ng~ kihikihi, ng~ peke-poraka, ng~ p§tara-tuha, not occur anywhere else in the world. From this point of view ng~ peke-r~kau, me ng~ peke-rau. He matahuhua tonu te New Zealand can be regarded as a biodiversity “hot spot” for rÇpã nei, ~, ko r~tou t‘tahi w~hanga nui o ng~ hanga ora kai this group of insects. New genera and species will be discov- tipu o ng~ pãnaha hauropi noho papa. He maha ~ r~tou ered in the future and once fully described the New Zealand urutaunga taha whanonga i ng~ whenua me ng~ moutere fauna may reach 300 to 350 species. katoa (h~unga anÇ Te KÇpakatanga ki te Tonga), ~, e Auchenorrhyncha can be distinguished from other Hemi- whakapaetia ana kei te ~hua 42 000 ng~ momo i ng~ tini ptera suborders on the basis of three main characteristics: kokonga o te ao, kua oti te whakaahua ~-kupu. NÇ ng~ sucking mouthparts in the form of a beak extending from the wh~nau e 30–40 ‘nei momo. T‘r~ pea kei ng~ mano ng~ back of the head – the name Auchenorrhyncha literally means momo o ‘tahi o ng~ taupori e kaha ake ana te mÇhiotia, “neck-beaks”; relatively short and bristle-like antennae; and p‘r~ i ‘r~ o Amerika ki te Raki, o âropi, o Ahitereiria. Ina forewings of uniform texture (entirely membranous or leath- whakatairitea ng~ mea o konei ki ‘r~, he huinga iti tonu, in~ ery) resting rooflike over the abdomen. r~, 12 ng~ wh~nau, e, 68 ng~ puninga, 196 ng~ momo. In this volume, four questions most commonly asked Engari ahakoa iti, he pounamu. In~ r~, ko t‘tahi 82% o ng~ about a group of insects are being answered: What, where, momo o konei e mÇhiotia ana, k~ore i whenua k‘. N~ reira when and how? What Auchenorrhyncha occur in New Zealand, me k§ p‘nei ake, he w~hi whakahirahira a Aotearoa mÇ te what is their status (e.g., native, introduced from elsewhere, matahuhua-koiora o t‘nei karangatanga pepeke. K~ore e pests, disease vectors)? What are the resources available to kore ka kitea he puninga anÇ, he momo anÇ ~ tÇna w~, ~, ina identify and study them? Where do species and genera occur oti te whakaahua ~-kupu, t‘r~ ka piki te maha o ng~ momo (e.g., geographic distribution in New Zealand and overseas, ki te 300–350. habitats, dispersal abilities)? When are they active (e.g., sea- E toru ng~ ~huatanga matua e noho wehe ai ng~ sonal activity, mating, egg-laying, wintering)? How do they Auchenorrhyncha i ‘r~ atu pãtoi-iti o ng~i Hemiptera: ko live (e.g., food preferences, hostplants, natural enemies)? ng~ w~hanga ngote o te waha – ar~, he ngutu e toro ana atu New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha are generally active dur- i te murikÇkai — ko te tikanga hoki o te ingoa ing the day and live in lowland to mountain forests and Auchenorrhyncha, ko te “ngutu-kak§”; ko te poto o ng~ shrublands, although a number of groups are typically found pãhihi — me te tarakina te rite; kotahi anÇ te kakano o ng~ in more open habitats, such as tussock grasslands, and in parihau o mua (he kiriuhi katoa, he kirikau katoa r~nei) e subalpine environments. Native species usually live within noho ‘tuanui’ mai ana ki te puku. the confines of their natural habitats but some species also I t‘nei putanga, ka whakautua ng~ momo p~tai e wh~ e live in modified ecosystems and exotic tree plantations. De- uia nuitia ana mÇ ng~ aitanga pepeke, koia ‘nei: he aha, kei pending on families and genera, species can be predominantly hea, ~hea, p‘hea? He aha ng~ Auchenorrhyncha kei Aotearoa active on low plants, trees and shrubs, or even the ground e noho ana, he aha Ç r~tou tãranga (e.g., he momo m~ori, surface. Hostplants are known for less than 20% of species. he r~waho, he momo takakino, he whakawhiti tahumaero)? The recognisable features and biology of the immature stages He aha ng~ rauemi e w~tea ana hei tautohu, hei rangahau i (nymphs) are unknown for the majority of species. Anec- ng~ pepeke nei? Kei hea ake ng~ momo me ng~ puninga dotal evidence suggests that parasitic wasps, birds, predatory (e.g., i Aotearoa, i t~w~hi, ng~ k~inga noho, te kaha ki te beetles, spiders, and mites may be among the major natural whakap§rara haere)? }hea ka kori ake (e.g., ng~ koringa ~- enemies of New Zealand Auchenorrhyncha. Overall, about kaupeka, te whakaputa uri, te wh~nau hua, te ~hua i te 25% of the fauna is short-winged or wingless. Active dispersal takurua)? He p‘hea te ~hua o te noho (e.g., ng~ tino kai, ng~ by flight is therefore unlikely for these species. tipu ka ~ta nohoia, ng~ hoariri m~ori)? (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 The described New Zealand fauna, with 196 species, is Ko te nuinga o ng~ Auchenorrhyncha o Aotearoa, he about 13% the size of the known Australian fauna which has kori awatea. Kitea ai i ng~ ngahere me ng~ w~hi ururua mai around 1500 species.
Recommended publications
  • Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods

    Topic Paper Chilterns Beechwoods

    . O O o . 0 O . 0 . O Shoping growth in Docorum Appendices for Topic Paper for the Chilterns Beechwoods SAC A summary/overview of available evidence BOROUGH Dacorum Local Plan (2020-2038) Emerging Strategy for Growth COUNCIL November 2020 Appendices Natural England reports 5 Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation 6 Appendix 1: Citation for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation (SAC) 7 Appendix 2: Chilterns Beechwoods SAC Features Matrix 9 Appendix 3: European Site Conservation Objectives for Chilterns Beechwoods Special Area of Conservation Site Code: UK0012724 11 Appendix 4: Site Improvement Plan for Chilterns Beechwoods SAC, 2015 13 Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 27 Appendix 5: Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI citation 28 Appendix 6: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 31 Appendix 7: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Ashridge Commons and Woods SSSI 33 Appendix 8: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Ashridge Commons and Woods, SSSI, Hertfordshire/Buckinghamshire 38 Appendix 9: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Ashridge Commons and Woods Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003 40 Tring Woodlands SSSI 44 Appendix 10: Tring Woodlands SSSI citation 45 Appendix 11: Condition summary from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 48 Appendix 12: Condition Assessment from Natural England’s website for Tring Woodlands SSSI 51 Appendix 13: Operations likely to damage the special interest features at Tring Woodlands SSSI 53 Appendix 14: Views About Management: A statement of English Nature’s views about the management of Tring Woodlands Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), 2003.
  • Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)

    Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae)

    Liang & Jiang: First Record and a New Species of Punana 351 PUNANA SINICA NEW SPECIES AND FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS FROM CHINA (HEMIPTERA: FULGOROIDEA: DELPHACIDAE) AI-PING LIANG AND GUO-MEI JIANG Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100080, P.R. China ABSTRACT Punana sinica Liang sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) is described and illus- trated from Sichuan, southwest China. This represents the first record of the genus Punana Muir from China and the fifth known species of Punana. The new taxon extends the range of the genus Punana northward considerably, previously known only from southeast Asia and south India. A key for separation of the species of Punana is included. Key Words: Punana, new species, Delphacidae, Fulgoroidea, China RESUMEN Se describe y se ilustra Punana sinica sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) de Si- chuan, en el suroeste de China. Este representa el primer registro del género Punana Muir en China y la quinta especie de Punana conocida en el mundo. Este nuevo taxón extiende la distribución geográfica del género Punana hacia el norte considerablemente, que antes se co- nocía solamente en el suroeste de Asia y en el sur de la India. The Delphacidae is the largest family of the The genus Punana was described by Muir Fulgoroidea, comprising more than 2000 de- (1913) for P. brunnea Muir from Borneo. Asche scribed species in approximately 300 genera and (1983) correctly separated Punana from six subfamilies worldwide (Asche 1985, 1990). Neopunana (8 species, the Caribbean) and Equa- Members of the group are predominantly mono- systatus (monotypic, Ecuador).
  • Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia

    Classical Biological Control of Arthropods in Australia

    Classical Biological Contents Control of Arthropods Arthropod index in Australia General index List of targets D.F. Waterhouse D.P.A. Sands CSIRo Entomology Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra 2001 Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index List of targets The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its primary mandate is to help identify agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has special competence. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by the Centre. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This peer-reviewed series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on the Third World. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Waterhouse, D.F. and Sands, D.P.A. 2001. Classical biological control of arthropods in Australia. ACIAR Monograph No. 77, 560 pages. ISBN 0 642 45709 3 (print) ISBN 0 642 45710 7 (electronic) Published in association with CSIRO Entomology (Canberra) and CSIRO Publishing (Melbourne) Scientific editing by Dr Mary Webb, Arawang Editorial, Canberra Design and typesetting by ClarusDesign, Canberra Printed by Brown Prior Anderson, Melbourne Cover: An ichneumonid parasitoid Megarhyssa nortoni ovipositing on a larva of sirex wood wasp, Sirex noctilio. Back Forward Contents Arthropod index General index Foreword List of targets WHEN THE CSIR Division of Economic Entomology, now Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Entomology, was established in 1928, classical biological control was given as one of its core activities.
  • Charles R. Bartlett & Gernot Kunz (2015) A

    Charles R. Bartlett & Gernot Kunz (2015) A

    Zootaxa 3963 (4): 598–600 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Erratum ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3963.4.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:374DEA43-B853-4291-8CB9-17C59DE8BDDB CHARLES R. BARTLETT & GERNOT KUNZ (2015) A new genus and species of delphacid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Delphacidae) from Central America with a preliminary regional species list. Zootaxa, 3946(4): 510–518. Table 1 was inadvertently omitted from the text. It is provided as follows. Table 1. List of delphacid species found in Costa Rica and adjacent countries (L = literature record, S = specimen record, E = error). Costa Species Nicaragua Rica Panama References and Comments Delphacidae Asiracinae: Asiracini Metcalf 1943, Maes & O’Brien 1988, Maes & Tellez Robleto 1988, Bartlett Copicerus irroratus Swartz, 1802 L, S L, S L, S et al. 2014 Asiracinae: Idiosystanini Metcalf 1943, Maes & Tellez Robleto 1988, Hedrick-Zeller & Wilson 2010; Pentagramma bivittata Crawford, 1914 L, S L, S Bartlett et al. 2014 Asiracinae: Tetrasteirini Tetrasteira solata Barringer & Bartlett, 2011 L, S Barringer & Bartlett 2011 Tetrasteira trimaculata Barringer & Bartlett 2011 L, S L, S Barringer & Bartlett 2011 Asiracinae: Ugyopini Ugyops brunneus (Fowler, 1905) L Fowler 1905, Metcalf 1943 Ugyops godmani (Fowler, 1905) L L, S Fowler 1905, Metcalf 1943 Ugyops palliatus Fennah, 1964 L Fennah 1964 Ugyops stigmatus (Crawford, 1914) L, S Crawford, 1914, Metcalf 1938, 1943 Ugyops sp. S Plesiodelphacinae Crawford, 1914, Maes & O’Brien Burnilia pictifrons (Stål, 1864) L 1988 Burnilia n. sp. S Delphacinae: Saccharosydnini Neomalaxa flava Muir, 1918 S S Maes & O’Brien 1988, Maes & Saccharosydne saccharivora Tellez Robleto 1988, Bartlett et al.
  • Towards a Phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and Its Major Subgroups: Preliminary Results

    Towards a Phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and Its Major Subgroups: Preliminary Results

    LECTURES Friday, 11. 6. 01 Towards a phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and its major subgroups: preliminary results Werner E, Holzinger', Ingrid Kammerlander', Thierry Bourgoin^, Kathy L. Chan^ and Bruce C. Campbell^ 'Oekoteam, Inst. f. Faunistik und Tieroekologie, Bergmanngasse 22, A-8010 Graz, Austria ^MNHN-Laboratoire d'Entomologie & ESA 8043 du CNRS, 45, Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France 'USDA-ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, 94710-1100, CA, USA Cixiidae is one of the larger families within Fulgoromorpha. Cixiids are distributed worldwide, with an especially high diversity in the tropics. Some taxa are of economic importance, as they are vectors of serious plant diseases. Together with Delphacidae, Derbidae, Achihdae, Achilixiidae and - argued by some authors - Tettigometridae, Cixiidae are usually placed in a very basal position within Fulgoromorpha. The delimitation of the family is based mainly on symplesiomorphies, only a few characters are considered to be synapomorphies (see e. g. Bourgoin et al. 1997, Emeljanov 1990, 1997). Using both molecular and morphological methods, we want to provide new data for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Cixiidae and its major subgroups. Initial results based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences indicate, that the Cixiidae (sensu lato) might be a paraphyletic taxon, whereas the subfamilies Bothriocerinae and Cixiinae are obviously monophyletic. The two major tribes within Cixiinae, Pentastirini and Cixiini, are also distinct monophyla with many autapomorphic nucleotide sites. This molecular-based inference is supported by certain morphological characters, especially those found in female genitalia. For example, the presence of a heUx-like, strongly wound Ductus receptaculi (see Remane & Asche 1979) appears to be a strong synapomorphy of the Cixiini.
  • The First New Zealand Insects Collected on Cook's

    The First New Zealand Insects Collected on Cook's

    Pacific Science (1989), vol.43, 43, nono.. 1 © 1989 by UniversityUniversity of Hawaii Press.Pres s. All rights reserved TheThe First New Zealand Zealand InsectsInsects CollectedCollectedon Cook'sCook's Endeavour Voyage!Voyage! 2 J. R. H. AANDREWSNDREWS2 AND G.G . W. GIBBSGmBS ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: The Banks collection of 40 insect species, species, described by J. J. C.C. Fabricius in 1775,1775, is critically examined to explore the possible methods of collection and to document changesto the inseinsectct fauna andto the original collection localities sincsincee 1769.The1769. The aassemblagessemblageof species is is regarded as unusual. unusual. It includes insects that are large large and colorful as well as those that are small and cryptic;cryptic; some species that were probably common were overlooked, but others that are today rare were taken.taken. It is concluded that the Cook naturalists caught about 15species with a butterfly net, but that the majority (all CoColeoptera)leoptera) were discoveredin conjunction with other biobiologicallogical specimens, especially plantsplants.. PossibPossiblele reasons for the omission ofwetwetasas,, stick insects, insects, etc.,etc., are discussed. discussed. This early collection shows that marked changesin abundance may have occurred in some speciespeciess since European colonizationcolonization.. One newrecord is is revealed:revealed: The cicada NotopsaltaNotopsaltasericea sericea (Walker) was found to be among the Fabricius speci­speci­ mens from New Zealand,Zealand, but itsits description evidentlyevidently
  • A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)L

    A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)L

    Pacific Science (1997), vol. 51, no. 4: 366-376 © 1997 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved A Review of the Systematics of Hawaiian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea)l MANFRED ASCHE2 ABSTRACT: With 206 endemic species, the phytophagous Fulgoroidea, or planthop­ pers, are among the most important elements of the native Hawaiian fauna. These principally monophagous or oligophagous insects occur in nearly all Hawaiian terrestrial ecosystems. Species of two of the 18 planthopper families occurring worldwide have successfully colonized and subsequently radiated in Hawai'i. Based on collections made mainly by Perkins, Kirkaldy, Muir, Giffard, and Swezey, more than 95% of these species were described in the first three decades of this century. The systematics of the Hawaiian planthoppers has changed little in the past 60 yr and is not based on any phylogenetic analyses. This paper attempts a preliminary phylogenetic evaluation ofthe native Hawaiian p1anthoppers on the basis ofcompara­ tive morphology to recognize monophyletic taxa and major evolutionary lines. The following taxa are each descendants of single colonizing species: in Cixiidae, the Hawaiian Oliarus and Iolania species; in De1phacidae, Aloha partim, Dictyophoro­ delphax, Emoloana, Leialoha + Nesothoe, Nesodryas, and at least four groups within Nesosydne. Polyphyletic taxa are the tribe "Alohini," Aloha s.l., Nesorestias, Nesosydne s.l., and Nothorestias. Non-Hawaiian species currently placed in Iolania, Oliarus, Aloha, Leialoha, and Nesosydne are not closely allied to the Hawaiian taxa. The origin of the Hawaiian planthoppers is obscure. The Hawaiian Oliorus appear to have affinities to (North) American taxa. ALTHOUGH THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS are the most Other groups of Hawaiian insects have isolated islands on earth, they house a remark­ received far less attention, although they are ably rich flora and fauna.
  • Biology and Control of Tree Hoppers Injurious to Fruit Trees in the Pacific Northwest

    Biology and Control of Tree Hoppers Injurious to Fruit Trees in the Pacific Northwest

    m TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 402 FEBRUARY 1934 BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TREE HOPPERS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT TREES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST BY M. A. YOTHERS Associate Entomoioftlst Division of Fruit Insects, Bureau of Entomology UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D.C. ISi »le by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. -------------- Price 10 centl TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 402 FEBRUARY 1934 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON. D.C. BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF TREE HOPPERS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT TREES IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST By M. A. YoTHERS, associate entoviologist, Division of Fruit InsectSf Bureau of Entomology CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Ceresa alhidosparsa 8tal .._. 32 Stictocephala inermis Fab -_ 2 Distribution 3;í Distribution 2 History _ -. 33 Synonymy and common name 2 Description of adult _ 33 Food plants 3 Position of eggs 33 Character and importance of injury ;i Hatching , 33 Description of stapes 4 Nymphal instars _ _ _ _ 34 Life history and habits - _ 7 Jieiiria ruhideUa Ball 34 Ceresa basalts Walk -_ 19 Associated species of Membracidae , 35 History and distribution 10 Dissemination 35 Synonymy and common name 20 The relation of ants to nymphs _ 3fi Character and importance of injury 20 Natural control 36 Food plants - - - 21 Parasites 36 Description of instars 21 Other enemies, _ 36 Description of adult 21 Natural protection. _ _ 37 Life history and habits 21 Preventive and control measures 38 Ceresa bubalus Fab :iO Spraying against the eggs - - - - - 38 Distribution ¡iO Spraying against the nymphs _- 41 Synonymy and common name... 31 Clean culture 42 Character and importance of injury HI Other possible control niel hods _ 42 Food plants 31 Summary and conclusions 43 Coniparisoa of ovipositors.
  • Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    Insects That Feed on Trees and Shrubs

    INSECTS THAT FEED ON COLORADO TREES AND SHRUBS1 Whitney Cranshaw David Leatherman Boris Kondratieff Bulletin 506A TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFOLIATORS .................................................... 8 Leaf Feeding Caterpillars .............................................. 8 Cecropia Moth ................................................ 8 Polyphemus Moth ............................................. 9 Nevada Buck Moth ............................................. 9 Pandora Moth ............................................... 10 Io Moth .................................................... 10 Fall Webworm ............................................... 11 Tiger Moth ................................................. 12 American Dagger Moth ......................................... 13 Redhumped Caterpillar ......................................... 13 Achemon Sphinx ............................................. 14 Table 1. Common sphinx moths of Colorado .......................... 14 Douglas-fir Tussock Moth ....................................... 15 1. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension etnomologist and associate professor, entomology; David Leatherman, entomologist, Colorado State Forest Service; Boris Kondratieff, associate professor, entomology. 8/93. ©Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. 1994. For more information, contact your county Cooperative Extension office. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture,
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects

    ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects

    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
  • List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India

    List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India

    J. Exp. Zool. India Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 877-889, 2019 www.connectjournals.com/jez ISSN 0972-0030 LIST OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERANS RECORDED FROM RICE ECOSYSTEMS OF INDIA J. Alfred Daniel* and K. Ramaraju Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India. *e-mail : [email protected] (Received 20 February 2019; Accepted 17 June 2019) ABSTRACT : An inventory of the diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystem of Indian subcontinent has revealed 377 species recorded so far. Of all the 377 species, only 6 per cent (22 Nos.) is represented by Aculeata and 94 per cent (355 Nos.) are Parasitica. These parasitoids fall under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea (57) and Prototrupoidea (1). A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the list from the present study itself and 136 species were added in the existing check list by Dey et al (1999), which suggest that there is much scope in the aspect of studying the diversity of parasitic hymenopterans associated with rice ecosystems of India and to exploit them as biological control agents to make Indian agriculture less dependent on insecticides. Key words : Parasitic hymenopterans, rice ecosystems, insecticides. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice fields harbour a rich and varied fauna than any Though the inventory was principally supported by other agricultural crop (Heckman, 1979; Fritz et al, 2011). the Thompson’s catalogue (1953) and was framed on the The fauna is dominated by micro, meso and macro basis of Dey et al (1999), information from many other arthropods inhabiting soil, water and vegetation sub- primary and secondary sources of information retrieval habitats of the rice fields.
  • Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No

    Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No

    Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 44 Large Cicadas Insect: Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Amphipsalta cingulata (Fabricius) Amphipsalta strepitans (Kirkaldy) Based on M. K. Kay (1980) Fig. 1 - Adult Amphipsalta zelandica male. Type of injury Young cicadas (nymphs) and adults both have piercing-sucking mouth- parts with which they take up plant sap. Nymphs live in the soil and feed on roots while adults feed on above-ground parts of plants, but this seems to have little effect on plant growth. The major damage is caused by the female piercing plant tissues with her ovipositor to lay eggs. The cuts made by the three species of Amphipsalta form a herring-bone pattern (Fig. 2), and twigs and branches so affected may be sufficiently weakened to break in high winds. Such broken branches on conifers show up as reddish "flags" in the canopy when the foliage dies. Open cuts also provide entry for pathogens and wood- boring insects. Often the cuts heal over (Fig. 3) making the twigs gnarled in appearance. Ent_44_Amphipsalta_spp.doc Page 1 Fig. 2 - "Herring-bone" scars made by a female Amphipsalta when egglaying. The branch is of Eucalyptus ovata. Fig. 3 - Old egglaying damage. This Clerodendron twig has been cut to reveal calloused scar and ton egg deposition sites. Ent_44_Amphipsalta_spp.doc Page 2 Fig. 4 - Amphipsalta zelandica male above, female below. Hosts Amphipsalta females damage a wide range of native and exotic hardwood and softwood trees and shrubs. Distribution All cicadas in New Zealand are natives. Amphipsalta zelandica occurs throughout the country apart from central Otago and parts of Canterbury.