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List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India

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List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India J. Exp. Zool. India Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 877-889, 2019 www.connectjournals.com/jez ISSN 0972-0030 LIST OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERANS RECORDED FROM RICE ECOSYSTEMS OF INDIA J. Alfred Daniel* and K. Ramaraju Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India. *e-mail : [email protected] (Received 20 February 2019; Accepted 17 June 2019) ABSTRACT : An inventory of the diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystem of Indian subcontinent has revealed 377 species recorded so far. Of all the 377 species, only 6 per cent (22 Nos.) is represented by Aculeata and 94 per cent (355 Nos.) are Parasitica. These parasitoids fall under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea (57) and Prototrupoidea (1). A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the list from the present study itself and 136 species were added in the existing check list by Dey et al (1999), which suggest that there is much scope in the aspect of studying the diversity of parasitic hymenopterans associated with rice ecosystems of India and to exploit them as biological control agents to make Indian agriculture less dependent on insecticides. Key words : Parasitic hymenopterans, rice ecosystems, insecticides. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice fields harbour a rich and varied fauna than any Though the inventory was principally supported by other agricultural crop (Heckman, 1979; Fritz et al, 2011). the Thompson’s catalogue (1953) and was framed on the The fauna is dominated by micro, meso and macro basis of Dey et al (1999), information from many other arthropods inhabiting soil, water and vegetation sub- primary and secondary sources of information retrieval habitats of the rice fields. The different communities of both electronic and non electronic were accessed and were terrestrial arthropods in the rice field include pests, their compiled suitably in a tabular form. The key words used natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and other in google scholar for searching were, parasitoids, neutral insects that inhabit or visit the vegetation as biological control, rice ecosystems, India, hymenoptera. tourists (Heong et al, 1991). A mismatch or imbalance in All the resulted pages were carefully read for reports of the diversity of pest and the natural enemies generally parasitic hymenopterans from rice ecosystems, if any. cause pest outbreak and farmers generally rely on Unpublished theses were also searched from Sodhganga insecticides to combat pest problems of rice. To aid website for reports of parasitic hymenopterans from rice biological means of pest control, it is essential that the ecosystems of India. biodiversity of the natural enemies needs to be studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An exhaustive attempt in this direction was the host parasite catalogue prepared under the direction of W.R. The inventory of the biodiversity of hymenopterous Thompson in 1953. The current study is principally parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystems of the supported and framed on the basis of the checklist of Indian subcontinent has shown that there are 377 species parasitic hymenopterans by Dey et al (1999) where in recorded so far. The observations on the biosystematics parasitic Hymenopterans of all the rice growing countries of these species have shown that, of the total 377 species, around the world were listed along with their functional Aculeata represents 6 per cent (22 Nos.) and Parasitica role and per cent parasitism on different hosts. But the represents 94 per cent (355 Nos.). These parasitoids fall checklist needs updates by including the recent reported under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 studies and observations made by authors. The current families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), study focused on the parasitoids associated with rice Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), ecosystem of India and also have updated the already Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), existing list. Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea 878 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Fig. 1 : Representation of super families of parasitic hymenoptera of rice agro ecosystem. Fig. 2 : Representation of different families of parasitic hymenopterans of rice ecosystem. (57) and Prototrupoidea (1) (Fig. 1). Ichneumonidae (54), Platygastridae (57) and This data reveals that Chalcidoidea as the most Proctotrupidae (1) (Fig. 2). dominant super family in rice ecosystems followed by It shows Braconidae as the most dominant family Ichneumonidae and the third being Platygastoidea the followed by Platygastridae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, remaining super families were represented with less Pteromalidae and Trichogrammatidae and the rest of the number of species. families were represented by less than 15 species. The twenty-eight families were Apidae (1), Bethylidae A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the (5), Chrysididae (1), Dryinidae (10), Mutiliidae (2), list from the present study itself and 136 species were Scoliidae (2), Tiphiidae (1), Ceraphronidae (2), added in the existing check list of Dey et al (1999), which Megaspilidae (1), Aphelinidae (5), Chalcididae (27), suggest an awaited scope in the aspects diversity studies Encyrtidae (14), Perilampidae (1), Pteromalidae (26), of parasitic hymenopterans of rice ecosystems of India. Torymidae (4), Trichogrammatidae (16), Figitidae (2), Such studies pave way of the exploitation of potential Diapriidae (6), Evaniidae (3), Braconidae (58), biocontrol agents of the important pests of rice. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 879 Table 1 : List of parasitic hymenopterans already recorded from rice ecosystems of India. Parasitoid Reference Aculeata: Apoidea : Apidae Thyreus ceylonicus (Friese) In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae Goniozus sp. Rajapakse (1990) Goniozus depressus Keiffer Rao et al (1970) Goniozus indicus Ashmead Polaszek et al (1994) Goiniozus triangulifer Keiffer Barrion and Listinger (1994) Holepyris sp. In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae Stilbum cyanarum (Forster) In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Dryinidae Chalcogonatopus lucidas (Rohwer) Currado and Olmi (1979) Dryinus sp. Manjunath (1979) Ecthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins Yadav and Pawar (1989) Gonatopus sp. Bentur and Kalode (1985) Haplogonatopus sp. In the present study Haplogonatopus orientalis Perkins Shankar and Baskaran (1988) Monogonatopus orientalis (Rohwer) Currado and Olmi (1979) Neogonatopus sp. Bentur and Kalode (1985) Pseudognatopus sp. Yadav and Pawar (1989) Pseudogonatopus hospes Perkins Barrion and Listinger (1994) Aculeata:Vespoidea: Mutiliidae Storozhenkotilla sp. In the present study Zavatilla sp. In the present study Aculeata:Vespoidea: Scoliidae Campsomeriella collaris Betrem In the present study Scolia affinis Guerin In the present study Aculeata:Vespoidea: Tiphiidae Mesa sp. In the present study Parasitica; Ceraphronoidea: Ceraphronidae Aphanogmus fijiensis (FerrieÌre) In the present study Ceraphron sp. In the present study Parasitica; Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae Conostigmus sp. In the present study Parasitica; Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman) In the present study Centrodora oophaga (Girault) Ramachandra Rao (1921) Encarsia sp. Menon (2012) Eriaphytis orientalis Hayat In the present study Marietta leopardina Motschulsky In the present study Parasitica; Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae Antrocephalus dividens Walker Menon (2012) Antrocephalus nasutus (Holmgren) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Antrocephalus mitys Walker Menon (2012) Brachymeria sp. Thompson (1947) Brachymeria atteviae Joseph Menon (2012) Brachymeria burksi Chhotani Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Brachymeria euploeae (Westwood) Chatterjee (1982) Brachymeria excarinata Gahan Abraham et al (1973) Brachymeria lasus (Walker) Yasumatsu (1975) Brachymeria marmonti Girault Menon (2012) Table 1 continued.. 880 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Table 1 continued.. Brachymeria minuta Linn. Menon (2012) Brachymeria nigricoporis Hussain and Agarwal Hussain & Agarwal (1982) Brachymeria obscurata Wilkinson Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Brachymeria secundaria Ruschka Menon et al (2016) Dirhinus anthracia Walker Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus albipennis Walker Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus elongatulus (Motschulsky) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus erythrogaster Cameron Menon (2012) Haltichella sp. Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Hockeria atra Masi Menon (2012) Hockeria callipteroma Narendran Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Kriechbaumerella ayyari (Gahan) Menon et al (2016) Lasiochalcidia pilosella (Cameron) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Psilochalcis carinigena (Cameron) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Psilochalcis keralensis Narendran( Menon (2012) Psilochalcis soudaneniss (Steffan) Polaszek et al (1994) Tropimeris monodon Boucek Menon (2012) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae Adelencyrtus coxalis Hyat Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Anagyrus gracillis (Hyat) Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky In the present study Cheiloneurus quadricolor Hyat Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Coccidencyrtus sp. Menon (2012) Copidosomopsis sp. Ambikadevi (1998) Homalotylus sp. In the present study Homalotylus indicus
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