List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India

J. Exp. Zool. India Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 877-889, 2019 www.connectjournals.com/jez ISSN 0972-0030 LIST OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERANS RECORDED FROM RICE ECOSYSTEMS OF INDIA

J. Alfred Daniel* and K. Ramaraju Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India. *e-mail : [email protected] (Received 20 February 2019; Accepted 17 June 2019)

ABSTRACT : An inventory of the diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystem of Indian subcontinent has revealed 377 species recorded so far. Of all the 377 species, only 6 per cent (22 Nos.) is represented by Aculeata and 94 per cent (355 Nos.) are Parasitica. These parasitoids fall under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea (57) and Prototrupoidea (1). A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the list from the present study itself and 136 species were added in the existing check list by Dey et al (1999), which suggest that there is much scope in the aspect of studying the diversity of parasitic hymenopterans associated with rice ecosystems of India and to exploit them as biological control agents to make Indian agriculture less dependent on insecticides. Key words : Parasitic hymenopterans, rice ecosystems, insecticides.

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice fields harbour a rich and varied fauna than any Though the inventory was principally supported by other agricultural crop (Heckman, 1979; Fritz et al, 2011). the Thompson’s catalogue (1953) and was framed on the The fauna is dominated by micro, meso and macro basis of Dey et al (1999), information from many other arthropods inhabiting soil, water and vegetation sub- primary and secondary sources of information retrieval habitats of the rice fields. The different communities of both electronic and non electronic were accessed and were terrestrial arthropods in the rice field include pests, their compiled suitably in a tabular form. The key words used natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) and other in google scholar for searching were, parasitoids, neutral insects that inhabit or visit the vegetation as biological control, rice ecosystems, India, hymenoptera. tourists (Heong et al, 1991). A mismatch or imbalance in All the resulted pages were carefully read for reports of the diversity of pest and the natural enemies generally parasitic hymenopterans from rice ecosystems, if any. cause pest outbreak and farmers generally rely on Unpublished theses were also searched from Sodhganga insecticides to combat pest problems of rice. To aid website for reports of parasitic hymenopterans from rice biological means of pest control, it is essential that the ecosystems of India. biodiversity of the natural enemies needs to be studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An exhaustive attempt in this direction was the host parasite catalogue prepared under the direction of W.R. The inventory of the biodiversity of hymenopterous Thompson in 1953. The current study is principally parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystems of the supported and framed on the basis of the checklist of Indian subcontinent has shown that there are 377 species parasitic hymenopterans by Dey et al (1999) where in recorded so far. The observations on the biosystematics parasitic Hymenopterans of all the rice growing countries of these species have shown that, of the total 377 species, around the world were listed along with their functional Aculeata represents 6 per cent (22 Nos.) and Parasitica role and per cent parasitism on different hosts. But the represents 94 per cent (355 Nos.). These parasitoids fall checklist needs updates by including the recent reported under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 studies and observations made by authors. The current families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), study focused on the parasitoids associated with rice Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), ecosystem of India and also have updated the already Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), existing list. Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea 878 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju

Fig. 1 : Representation of super families of parasitic hymenoptera of rice agro ecosystem.

Fig. 2 : Representation of different families of parasitic hymenopterans of rice ecosystem.

(57) and Prototrupoidea (1) (Fig. 1). Ichneumonidae (54), Platygastridae (57) and This data reveals that Chalcidoidea as the most Proctotrupidae (1) (Fig. 2). dominant super family in rice ecosystems followed by It shows Braconidae as the most dominant family Ichneumonidae and the third being Platygastoidea the followed by Platygastridae, Ichneumonidae, Chalcididae, remaining super families were represented with less Pteromalidae and Trichogrammatidae and the rest of the number of species. families were represented by less than 15 species. The twenty-eight families were Apidae (1), Bethylidae A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the (5), Chrysididae (1), Dryinidae (10), Mutiliidae (2), list from the present study itself and 136 species were Scoliidae (2), Tiphiidae (1), Ceraphronidae (2), added in the existing check list of Dey et al (1999), which Megaspilidae (1), Aphelinidae (5), Chalcididae (27), suggest an awaited scope in the aspects diversity studies Encyrtidae (14), Perilampidae (1), Pteromalidae (26), of parasitic hymenopterans of rice ecosystems of India. Torymidae (4), Trichogrammatidae (16), Figitidae (2), Such studies pave way of the exploitation of potential Diapriidae (6), Evaniidae (3), Braconidae (58), biocontrol agents of the important pests of rice. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 879 Table 1 : List of parasitic hymenopterans already recorded from rice ecosystems of India. Parasitoid Reference Aculeata: Apoidea : Apidae Thyreus ceylonicus (Friese) In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Bethylidae Goniozus sp. Rajapakse (1990) Goniozus depressus Keiffer Rao et al (1970) Goniozus indicus Ashmead Polaszek et al (1994) Goiniozus triangulifer Keiffer Barrion and Listinger (1994) Holepyris sp. In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Chrysididae Stilbum cyanarum (Forster) In the present study Aculeata: Chrysidoidea: Dryinidae Chalcogonatopus lucidas (Rohwer) Currado and Olmi (1979) Dryinus sp. Manjunath (1979) Ecthrodelphax fairchildii Perkins Yadav and Pawar (1989) Gonatopus sp. Bentur and Kalode (1985) Haplogonatopus sp. In the present study Haplogonatopus orientalis Perkins Shankar and Baskaran (1988) Monogonatopus orientalis (Rohwer) Currado and Olmi (1979) Neogonatopus sp. Bentur and Kalode (1985) Pseudognatopus sp. Yadav and Pawar (1989) Pseudogonatopus hospes Perkins Barrion and Listinger (1994) Aculeata:Vespoidea: Mutiliidae Storozhenkotilla sp. In the present study Zavatilla sp. In the present study Aculeata:Vespoidea: Scoliidae Campsomeriella collaris Betrem In the present study Scolia affinis Guerin In the present study Aculeata:Vespoidea: Tiphiidae Mesa sp. In the present study Parasitica; Ceraphronoidea: Ceraphronidae Aphanogmus fijiensis (FerrieÌre) In the present study Ceraphron sp. In the present study Parasitica; Ceraphronoidea: Megaspilidae Conostigmus sp. In the present study Parasitica; Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae Aphelinus abdominalis (Dalman) In the present study Centrodora oophaga (Girault) Ramachandra Rao (1921) Encarsia sp. Menon (2012) Eriaphytis orientalis Hayat In the present study Marietta leopardina Motschulsky In the present study Parasitica; Chalcidoidea: Chalcididae Antrocephalus dividens Walker Menon (2012) Antrocephalus nasutus (Holmgren) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Antrocephalus mitys Walker Menon (2012) Brachymeria sp. Thompson (1947) Brachymeria atteviae Joseph Menon (2012) Brachymeria burksi Chhotani Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Brachymeria euploeae (Westwood) Chatterjee (1982) Brachymeria excarinata Gahan Abraham et al (1973) Brachymeria lasus (Walker) Yasumatsu (1975) Brachymeria marmonti Girault Menon (2012)

Table 1 continued.. 880 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Table 1 continued.. Brachymeria minuta Linn. Menon (2012) Brachymeria nigricoporis Hussain and Agarwal Hussain & Agarwal (1982) Brachymeria obscurata Wilkinson Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Brachymeria secundaria Ruschka Menon et al (2016) Dirhinus anthracia Walker Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus albipennis Walker Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus elongatulus (Motschulsky) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Epitranus erythrogaster Cameron Menon (2012) Haltichella sp. Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Hockeria atra Masi Menon (2012) Hockeria callipteroma Narendran Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Kriechbaumerella ayyari (Gahan) Menon et al (2016) Lasiochalcidia pilosella (Cameron) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Psilochalcis carinigena (Cameron) Daniel and Ramaraju (2017) Psilochalcis keralensis Narendran( Menon (2012) Psilochalcis soudaneniss (Steffan) Polaszek et al (1994) Tropimeris monodon Boucek Menon (2012) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae Adelencyrtus coxalis Hyat Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Anagyrus gracillis (Hyat) Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Callipteroma sexguttata Motschulsky In the present study Cheiloneurus quadricolor Hyat Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Coccidencyrtus sp. Menon (2012) Copidosomopsis sp. Ambikadevi (1998) Homalotylus sp. In the present study Homalotylus indicus (Agarwal) In the present study Lakshaphagus sp. Menon (2012) Machencyrtus assamensis (Singh and Agarwal) Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Ooencyrtus sp. In the present study Prochiloneurus sp. In the present study Rhopus fullawayi (Timberlake) Raguraman et al (1991) Rhopus nigroclavatus (Ashmead) Nalini and Manickavasagam (2011) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae Chalcura deprivata (Walker) In the present study Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae Aprostocetus benazeer Narendran Menon (2012) Aprostocetus harithus Narendran Menon (2012) Aprostocetus malcis Narendran Menon (2012) Aprostocetus pachydiplosisae (Risbec) Pandya et al (1995) Arachnolophus detatus Kamijo Subba Rao et al (1983) Chrysonotomyia sp. Patel and Shah (1985) Closterocerus sp. Menon (2012) Elasmus sp. Thobbi (1959) Elasmus brevicornis Gahan Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Elasmus claripennis (Cameron) Yasumatsu (1975) Elasmus johnstoni Ferriere Manisegaran et al (1997) Elasmus kollimalainus Mani and Saraswat Menon (2012) Euplectrophelinus sp. In the present study Euplectrus euplexiae Rohwer Ananthanarayanan and Ayyar (1937) Euplectrus nyctemerae Crawford Ananthanarayanan and Ayyar (1937) Hemiptarsenus sp. In the present study

Table 1 continued.. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 881 Table 1 continued.. Necremnus sp. In the present study Neomestocharella keralensis Narendran and Fousi Menon (2012) Pediobius bruchicida (Rondani) Manisegaran et al (1997) Pediobius inexpectatus Kerrich Menon (2012) Pediobius neoacantha Menon Menon (2012) Sympiesis sp. Rao et al (1970) Stenomesius japonicas Ashmead Menon et al (2016) Syntomosphyrum obscuriceps Ferriere Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Tetrastichus cupressi Yang In the present study Tetrastichus fasciatus Ashmead Tiwari (1973) Tetrastichus girishi Narendran Menon (2012) Tetrastichus howardi Olliff Menon (2012) Tetrastichus krishnieri Mani Menon (2012) Tetrastichus sp. In the present study Tetrastichus triozai Khan Menon (2012) Tetrastichus tunicus Narendran Menon (2012) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae Anastatus sp. Mohanty et al (1995) Anastatus coimbatorensis Girault Ramachandra Rao (1921) Eupelmus sp. In the present study Eupelmus australensis Girault Menon (2012) Eupelmus nirupama Narendran Menon (2012) Eupelmus yakkerensis Menon Menon (2012) Mesocomys sp. In the present study Neanastatus cinctiventris Girault Menon (2012) Neanastatus oryzae Ferriere In the present study Neanastatus trochatericus Gahan In the present study Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Eurytomidae Aximopsis tumidiscapi Gir. Ramachandra Rao (1921) Bruchophagus sp. In the present study Euryoma sp. Rao et al (1970) Eurytoma( amaranthusa Narendran Menon et al (2016) Eurytoma apara Narendran Menon (2012) Eurytoma braconidis Ferriere Menon et al (2016) Eurytoma manilensis Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Eurytoma neorisa Menon Menon (2012) Eurytoma poroensis Mukerjee Menon (2012) Eurytoma rajeevi Narendran Menon (2012) Eurytoma setitibia Gahan Sain and Kalode (1992) Eurytoma sheelae Narendran Menon et al (2016) Eurytoma thrissurica Narendran Menon (2012) Neobepharata petiolata Narendran and Padmasenan Menon (2012) Philolema maleena Narendran Menon (2012) Plutarchia keralensis Narendran and Padmasenan Menon (2012) Tetramesa sp. In the present study Tetramesa nupera Menon Menon (2012) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae Anaphes sp Israel and Prakasa Rao (1969) Anagrus sp Israel and Prakasa Rao (1969) Anagrus armatus (Ashmead) Bentur and Kalode (1985) Anagrus flaveolus Waterhouse Subba Rao (1983)

Table 1 continued.. 882 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Table 1 continued.. Anagrus optabilis (Perkins) Subba Rao (1983) Camptoptera sp. In the present study Dicopus sp. In the present study Lymaenon delhiensis Narayanan and Subba Rao In the present study Erythmelus sp. Menon et al (2016) Mymar sp. Bentur and Kalode (1985) Mymar pulchellum Curtis In the present study Mymar taprobanicum Ward Subba Rao (1983) Gonatocerus sp. Bentur et al (1982) Gonatocerus longicornis Nees Menon (2012) Gonatocerus malanadensis Subba Rao Menon (2012) Gonatocerus( munnarus Mani and Saraswat Menon (2012) Ptilomymar dictyon Hayat and Anis In the present study Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Perilampidae Perilampus harithus Narendran Menon et al (2016) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) Menon (2012) Callitula sp. Menon (2012) Callitula peethapada Narendran and Mohana Daniel et al (2017) Callitula travancorensis Sureshan Daniel et al (2017) Dinarmus acutus (Thomson) Menon et al (2016) Dinarmus maculates (Mani) Menon et al (2016) Dinarmus vagabundus Timberlake Menon et al (2016) Eupteromalus parnarae Gahan Rao and Behera (1986a) Homoporus sp. Menon (2012) Panstenon collaris Boucek Menon (2012) Parurios keralensis Narendran Menon (2012) Pteromalus keralensis Sureshan Menon (2012) Propicroscytus mirificus Girault Gahan (1919) Propicroscytus oryzae (Subba Rao) Daniel et al (2017) Psilocera vinayaki Sureshan and Narendran Daniel et al (2017) Pteromalus keralaensis Sureshan Daniel et al (2017) Pteromalus semotus (Walker) Daniel et al (2017) Spalangia endius Walker Daniel et al (2017) Systasis dasyneura Mani Menon et al (2016) Trichomalopsis sp. Rao et al (1970) Trichomalopsis apanteloctena (Crawford) Rao and Behera (1986b) Trichomalopsis ovigastra Sureshan and Narendran Menon (2012) Trichomalopsis neelagastra Sureshan and Narendran Daniel et al (2017) Trichomalopsis nigra Sureshan and Narendran Daniel et al (2017) Trichomalopsis thekkadiensis Sureshan and Narendran Daniel et al (2017) Trichomalopsis travancorensis Sureshan and Narendran Daniel et al (2017) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae Chrysochalcissa indica Narendran In the present study Podagrion opisthacanthum Masi In the present study Podagrion sp. Kaul (1993) Torymoides keisenwetteri (Mayr) Menon (2012) Parasitica: Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae Oligosita sp. Manjunath et al (1978) Oligosita naias Girault Subba Rao (1983) Oligosita nephotetticum Mani Mani (1939)

Table 1 continued.. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 883 Table 1 continued.. Oligosita tachikawai yashiro Bentur and Kalode (1985) Paracentrobia sp. Gupta and Pawar (1989) Trichogramma sp. Joshi et al (1987) Trichogramma australicum Girault Subba Rao et al (1983) Trichogramma brasiliensis (Ashmead) Raj (1976) Trichogramma chilonis Ishii Huo et al (1988) Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead Huo et al (1988) Trichogramma chilotreae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti Hayat and Viggiani (1984) Trichogramma hesperides Nagaraja Hayat and Viggiani (1984) Trichogramma intermedium Howard Hayat and Viggiani (1984) Trichogramma pallidiventris Nagaraja Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1977) Trichogrammatoidea armigera Nagaraja Manjunath (1972) Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Fumata Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1977) Parasitica: Cynipoidea: Figitidae Ganaspis sp. 1 In the present study Ganaspis sp. 2 In the present study Parasitica: Diaproidea: Diapriidae Aclista sp. In the present study Basalys sp. In the present study Basalys sp. In the present study Coptera sp. In the present study Odontopria sp. In the present study Spilomicrus sp. In the present study Parasitica: Evanoidea: Evaniidae Prosevania sp1 In the present study Prosevania sp 2 In the present study Prosevania sp3 In the present study Parasitica: Ichneumonoidea: Braconidae Apanteles sp. Chatterjee (1987) Apanteles angaleti Musebeck Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Apanteles chilonis Matsumura Varma and Bindra (1973a) Apanteles colemani Viereck Ayyar (1923, 1927) Apanteles diatraea Muesebeck Varma and Bindra (1973b) Apanteles javensis Rohwer Rao et al (1970) Apanteles parbhanii Rao Rao (1969) Apanteles syleptae Ferriere Abraham et al (1973) Bracon sp. Khan and Murthy (1954) Bracon albolineatus Cameron Nair (1958) Bracon alguei Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael) Daniel et al (2019) Bracon chinensis (Szepligeti) Rao (1963) Bracon gelechiae Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Bracon onukii Watanabe Subba Rao and Chawla (1964) Bracon ricinicola Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Cardiochiles sp. Rao et al (1970) Cedria anomala Wilkinson Rao et al (1970) Chaenusa sp. Natarajan and Mathur (1980) Chelonus sp. Ananathanarayanan and Ayyar (1937) Chorebus sp. Abraham and Mathew (1974) Chelonus blackburni Cameron Abraham and Mathew (1974) Chelonus formosanus Sonan Daniel et al (2019) Table 1 continued.. 884 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Table 1 continued.. Chelonus hawaiinus Sonan Patel et al (1971) Chelonus helipae Gupta Patel et al (1971) Clinocentrus sp. Chhabra and Singh (1978) Cotesia agilis Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Cotesia baoris Wilkinson Murthy (1957) Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) Mohammad Ali and Prasad (1958) Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday) Beeson and Chatterjee (1935) Disophry sp. Katiyar and Rawat (1972) Exoryza schoenobii (Wilkinson) Pati and Mathur (1982) Hormius sp. Rao et al (1970) Iphiaulax sp. Nagarkatti and Nair (1973) Macrocentrus spp. Talgeri and Dalaya (1971) Macrocentrus philippinensis Ashmead Daniel et al (2019) Meteorus bacoorensis Ashmead Rao et al (1970) Microplitis sp. Rao et al (1970) Microplitis carnicollis (Cameron) Rao et al (1970) Myosoma chinensis (Szepligeti) Daniel et al (2019) Opius sp. Daniel et al (2019) Opius burrioni Fischer Nanadakumar and Pramod (1998) Parahormius sp. Daniel et al (2019) Phanerotoma sp. Daniel et al (2019) Rhaconotus oryzae Wilkinson Wilkinson (1929) Rhaconotus scirpophagae Wilkinson Polaszek et al (1994) Rhaconotus spp. Chandramohan and Chelliah (1990) Rhysipolis hesperides (Rohwer) Rao et al (1970) Rinamba sp. Daniel et al (2019) Rogas sp. Katiyar and Rawat (1972) Scutibracon hispae Quick and Walker Quicke and Walker (1989) Spathius sp. Rao et al (1970) Spathius agrili Yang Daniel et al (2019) Stenobracorn deesae (Cameron) Narayanan (1938) Stenobracon niceviellei (Bingham) Daniel et al (2019) Tropobracon luteus Cameron Ayyar (1928) Tropobracon luteus Indicus Ramakrishna Ayyar and Ananthanarayanan (1937) Tropobracon schoenobii Viereck Rao (1963) Parasitica: Ichneumonoidea: Ichneumonidae Amauromorpha sp. Nath and Indrani (1979) Amauromorpha accepta metathoracica (Walker) Chandramohan and Chelliah (1990) Barichneumon solitaries Morley Rao et al (1970) Buodias sp. In the present study Campoletis sp. Rao et al (1970) Casinaria ajanta Gupta and Maheshwary Barrion and Listinger (1994) Charops sp. Rao et al (1970) Charops bicolor (Szeìpligeti) In the present study Charops ganges Cushaman In the present study Charops obtusus Morley Patel et al (1971) Clistopyga sp. Rao et al (1986) Cratichneumon sp. Rao et al (1970) Diadegma sp. In the present study Diadegma dominans (Walker) Nandakumar and Pramod (1998) Echthromorpha agrestoria notulatoria (Fabricius) In the present study

Table 1 continued.. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 885 Table 1 continued.. Enicospilus bharatensis Nikam Gauld and Mitchell (1981) Enicospilus sp. Rao et al (1970) Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) Patel et al (1971) Eriborus erythrogaster (Ashmead) Patel et al (1971) Friona sp. In the present study Glypta sp. In the present study Goryphus sp. In the present study Goryphus sp. In the present study Goryphus lemae Sonan Nath and Indrani (1979) Habrocryptus sp. In the present study Hypsicera sp. In the present study Ischnojoppa luteator (Fabricius) In the present study Isotima chilonis (Uchida) In the present study Isotima sp. In the present study Isotima javensis (Rohwer) In the present study Ichneumon sp. Rizvi and Singh (1980) Labrorychus apicate Cameron Rao et al (1970) Leptobatopsis indica (Cameron) In the present study Labrorychus sp. Rao et. al (1970) Lampronota mandschurica (Uchida) Barrion and Listinger (1994) Lissosculpta alecto (Morley) Dutt (1919) Metopius rufus rufus Cameron Katiyar and Gargav (1971) Netelia sp. Rao et al (1970) Orthocentrus sp. In the present study Paraphylax sp. Rao et al (1986) Skeatia sp. In the present study Scenocharops sp. Rao et al (1970) Syzeuctus sp. Rao et al (1970) Temelucha sp. In the present study Temelucha sp. In the present study Temelucha sp. nr. basimacula (Cameron) Rao et al (1970) Thelodon sp. In the present study Trathala flavo orbitalis (Cameron) In the present study Trichomma chaphalocrocis Uchida Satish Kumar and Kaul, 1997 Xanthocampolex sp. In the present study Xanthopimpla sp. Rao et al (1970) Xanthopimpla flavolineata Cameron Pati and Mathur (1982) Xanthopimpla modesta modesta (Smith) Ayyar (1920) Xanthopimpla punctata (Fabricius) In the present study Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg) Dutt (1919) Parasitica: Platygastroidea: Platygasteridae Baeus primitus Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Baryconus keralensis Narendran Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Calliscelio agaliensis Narendran and Ramesh Babu Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Calliscelio glabratus Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Calliscelio indicus Narendran & Ramesh Babu Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Ceratobaeus dunensis Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Ceratobaeus granulosus Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Ceratobaeus longituberculatus Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Cremastobaeus indicus Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Cremastobaeus unicolor Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016)

Table 1 continued.. 886 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Table 1 continued.. Dicroscelio malabaricus (Narendran) Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Doddiella nigricephala Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta bicolour Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta dissimilis Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta elongata Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta indica Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta polita Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Duta serraticeps (Priesner) Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Elgonia alpha Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Elgonia chitrae Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Fusicornia indica Mani and Sharma Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Fusicornia tehrii Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Gryon sp. Rai (1983) Gryon ambericum Peter and Rajmohana In the present study Gryon clavigralla (Spinola) In the present study Gryon fulviventre (Crawford) In the present study Gryon orestes (Dodd) In the present study Idris keethami Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Idris nuperus Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Leptoteleia rus ca Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Macroteleia crawfordi Kiefer In the present study Macroteleia lamba Saraswat In the present study Macroteleia indica Sharma Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Macroteleia lamba Saraswat Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Nardo cumaeus Nixon Rahman and Nath (1939) Neoceratobaeus gibbus (Rajmohana) Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Opisthacantha dunensis Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Opisthacantha keralensis Sharma Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Palpoteleia indica Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Paridris coorgensis Sharma Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Platygaster foersteri (Gahan) Yasumatsu (1975) Platygaster oryzae (Cameron) Yasumatsu (1975) Platyscelio pulchricornis Kiefer Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Probaryconus cauverycus Saraswat Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Probaryconus punctatus Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Psilanteris coriacea Rajmohana Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Scelio sp. Chandramohan and Chelliah (1990) Scelio nilamburensis Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Scelio oxyae Girault Ramachandra Rao (1921) Scelio spinifera Mukerjee Shweta and Rajmohana (2016) Telenomus beneficiens (Zehntner) Subba Rao et al (1983) Telenomus dignoides Nixon Patnaik et al (1983) Telenomus globosus Bin and Johnson Chandramohan and Chelliah (1990) Telenomus sp. In the present study Telenomus remus Nixon In the present study Trissolcus sp. In the present study Trimorus sp. In the present study Parasitica: Prototrupoidea: Proctotrupidae Phaenoserphus sp. In the present study *Modified and updated from Dey et al (1999). List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 887 CONCLUSION skipper Parnara mathias Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Hesperidae). Entomon 3(1), 115-116. This study provides the inventory of hymenopteran Currado I and Olmi M (1979) On the identity of some Indian dryinid parasitoids associated with rice agro ecosystems of India. parasites of rice leafhoppers (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae). 11 Riso Further research on parasitoids and their associated host 28(2), 179-181. insects are to be made to develop a parasitoid host index Daniel J A and Ramaraju K (2017) Diversity of chalcidids that serves as a baseline for future researches on biological (Chalcididae: Hymenoptera) among three rice growing zones control. of Tamil Nadu, India. J. Ent. Zool. Stud. 5(3), 541-546. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Daniel J A, Ramaraju K and Ranjith A P (2019) On a collection of braconidae from three rice growing zones of Tamil Nadu. Indian Thanks are due to Ministry of Minority Affairs, J. Ent. 81(1), 18-24. Government of India for the financial grants through Daniel J A, Ramaraju K, Raseena Farsana V K and Sureshan P M Maulana Azad National Fellowship. (2017) Diversity of Pteromalids (Pteromalidae: Hymenoptera) among three rice growing Zones of Tamil Nadu, India. Ann. REFERENCES Pl. Prot. Sci. 25(2), 298-303. Abraham C C and Mathew K P (1974) New record of Chorebus sp. Dey D, Raghuraman M, Gupta S L and Ramamurthy V V (1999) A (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as parasitoid of rice whorl maggot checklist of the biodiversity of hymenopterous parasitoids Hydrellia philippina Ferino. Curr. Sci. 43(23), 768-769. associated with rice agro ecosystem. Aisha Shams: SHASHPA Abraham C C, Mathew K P and Das N M (1973) Records of publishers, New Delhi. pp 1-527 Hymenopterous parasites of the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis Dutt J (1919) Second hundred notes on Indian insects. Bull. agric. medinalis Guen. in Kerala. Agric. Res. J. Kerala 11(1), 81. Res. Inst., Pusa, India, 89: 6. Ambikadevi D (1998) Natural enemies of rice pests in Kuttanad, Fritz L L, Heinrichs E A, Machado V, Andreis T F, Pandolfo M, Kerala. Insect Environ. 4(3), 81-82. Salles S M and Oliveira J V (2011) Diversity and abundance Ananthanarayanan K P and Ayyar T V R (1937) Bionomics of the of arthropods in subtropical rice growing areas in the Brazilian swarming caterpillar of paddy in South India. Agric. Live-stock south. Biodivers. Conserv. 20(10), 2211-2224. India 7(6), 725-734. Gahan A B (1919) Report on a small collection of Indian parasitic Ayyar T V R (1923) Catalogue of Indian Braconidae. Rep. Proc. 5th Hymenoptera. Pro. U. S. Nat. Mus. 56, 513-524. ent. Meeting, Pusa, pp. 352-362. Gauld I D and Mitchell P A (1981) The taxonomy, distribution and Ayyar T V R (1927) The parasitic Hymenoptera of economic host preferences of Indo-papuan parasitic wasps of the subfamily importance from South India. Bull. Ent. Res. 18, 73-75. Ophioninae. CAB, Slough, Commonwealth Institute of Ayyar T V R (1928) A contribution to our knowledge of the South Entomology, London. 611 p. Indian Braconidae. (Pt 1. Vipioninae) Mem. Dept. agric. India. Gupta M and Pawar A D (1989) Biocontrol of rice leafhoppers and Ent. Ser. 10(3), 29-60. planthoppers in Andhra Pradesh. Plant. Prot. Bull. 41(1-2), 6- Ayyar T V R and Ananthanarayanan K P (1937) The stem borer pest 11. of rice (Scirpophaga incertellus W.) in South India. Agric. Hayat M and Viggiani G (1984) A preliminary catalogue of the Livestk. India 7(2), 171-179. Oriental Trichogrammatidae (Hym: Chalcidoidea) Boll. Lab. Barrion A T and Litsinger J A (1994) Taxonomy of rice insect pests Ent. Agr. Filippo Silvestri 41, 23-52. and their arthropod parasites and predators. In: Henrichs E A Heckman C W (1979) Rice field ecology in North East Thailand. (ed.). Biology and management of rice insects. Wiley Eastem Monographs Biology 34, 228. Ltd., pp. 13-363. Heong K L, Aquino G B and Barrion A T (1991) Arthropod community Beeson C F C and Chatterjee N (1935) On the biology of Braconidae structures of rice ecosystems in the Philippines. Bull. Ent. Res. (Hymenoptera). Indian For. Rec. n. s. 1(6), 105-138. 81, 407–416. Bentur J S and Kalode M B (1985) Natural enemies of rice leaf- Huo S T, Wei Z G, Ji W and Zhang Y (1988) Studies on the strains of hoppers and plant-hoppers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Entomon. Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in the middle area of Shaanxi 10(4), 271-274. province. Colleques de 1’INRA 43, 44-55. Bentur J S, Sain M and Kalode M B (1982) Studies on egg and Husain T and Agarwal M M (1982) Indian species of Brachymeria nymphal parasites of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Westwood (Hymenopera: Chalcididae). Oriental Insects 15(4), Sogatella furcifera. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 91(2), 165-176. 491-409. Chandramohan N and Chelliah S (1990) Natural enemies of rice Israel P and Prakasa Rao P S (1969) Record of Anagrus sp., a mymarid yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (w.) and its (Hymenoptera) parasite on eggs of Sogatella furcifera Horvath relationship with weather elements. J. Biol. Control 4(2), 89- on rice in India. Curr. Sci. 38(13), 320-321. 92. Joshi R, Cadapan E P and Heinrichs E A (1987) Natural enemies of Chatterjee P B (1982) Parasites of the rice slug caterpillar. Int. Rice rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae: Res. Newsletter 7(4), 7-15. Lepidoptera) – a critical review (1913-1983). Agric. Rev. 8(1), Chatterjee P B (1987) Rice leaf folder infestation in West Bengal. 22-34. Int. Rice Res. Newsletter 12(4), 44-45 Katiyar O P and Gargav V P (1971) New record of some parasites of Chhabra K S and Singh J (1978) A new braconid parasite of rice rice army worms. JNKVV Res. J. 5(1), 56. 888 J. Alfred Daniel and K. Ramaraju Katiyar O P and Rawat R R (1972) Larval parasites of Pseudaletia 215-216. separata (Walker). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 69(1), 212-213. Natarajan K and Mathur K C (1980) New record of Chaenusa sp. Kaul B K (1993) A new record of chalcid parasite on paddy leaf (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) as a parasite of the rice whorl folder in H. P. Himachal J. Agric. Res. 19(1-2), 109-110. maggot. Sci. Cult. 47(9), 337-338. Khan M Q and Murthy D V (1954) A preliminary note on a larval Nath D S and Indrani S (1979) Ichneumonid parasitoids of the rice parasite on the rice hispa. Indian J. Ent. 16, 299-300. yellow borer in West Bengal, India. IRRI Newsl. 4(2), 19-27. Mani M S (1939) Descriptions of new and new records of some Pandya H V, Shah A H, Patel C B, Purohit M S and Rai A B (1995) known chalcidoid and other hymenopterous parasites from Study on egg parasitism of rice yellow stem borer in Gujarat. India. Indian J. Entomol. 1, 69-99. Gujarat Agri. Univ. Res. J. 21(1), 197-199. Manisegaran S, Letchoumanane L and Hanifa M (1997) Natural Patel C B and Shah A H (1985) Biology of rice blue beetle Leptispa parasitism of rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis pygmaea Baly (Chrysomelidae: Hispinae). Bull. Ent. 26(2), 120- (Guenee) in Karaikal region. J. Biol. Control 11, 73-75. 228. Manjunath T M (1972) Biological studies on Trichogrammatoidea Patel R C, Patel J C and Patel J K (1971) New records of parasites armigera Nagaraja a new dimorphic egg parasite of Heliothis of Spodoptera exigua (Hb) and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) armigera (Hubner) in India. Entomophaga 17(2), 131-147. from Gujarat. Indian J. Ent. 33(1), 92-93. Manjunath T M (1979) Recent records of natural enemies of brown Pati P and Mathur K C (1982) New records of parasitoids attacking planthopper in India. Int. Rice Res. Newsletter 4(4), 20. rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee in India. Curr. Manjunath T M, Rai P S and Gowda G (1978) Natural enemies of Sci. 51(18), 904-905. brown plant hopper and green leafhopper in India. Int. Rice Patnaik N C, Satpathy J M and Ram S (1983) Egg Parasitization of Res. Newsletter 3(2), 11. the yellow-rice borer at Bhubaneswar (India). Science and Menon P L D, Narendran T C, John P and Job B (2016) Distribution Culture 49(10), 322-323. and diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) associated with Polaszek A, Fitton M G, Bianchi G and Huddleston T (1994) The rice ecosystem in Palakkad district of Kerala state. Int. J. parasitoids of the African white rice borer, Maliarpha Entomol. Res. 1(4), 6-9. separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. ent. Res. Menon P L D (2012) Investigation on the taxonomy of chalcidoidea 84(1), 65-90. hymenoptera associated with rice ecosystem in Thrissur and Quicke D L J and Walker A (1989) A new Indo-Australian genus of Palakkad districts of Kerala state. Thesis. Mahatma Gandhi Braconinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) parasitic on Hispidae University. Sacred Heart University. Shodhganga. Web. 25 Sep. (Col.). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 125, 1496-1499. 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/25818 Raguraman S, Saroja R and Manickavasagam S (1991) New Mohammad Ali S and Prasad A R (1958) Studies on the post- parasitoid record on the rice mealy bug Brevennia rehi Lindinger embryonic development of Apanteles flavipes Cam., a parasite (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) Indian J. Entomol. 53(1), 170- of sugarcane stem borer in India. J. Sugarcane Res. 2, 71-75. 171. Mohanty B N, Patnaik N C and Senapati B (1995) Life-budget Rai P S (1983) Parasitisation of rice earhead bug eggs by Gryon sp. analysis of rice hairy caterpillar Nisaga complex Walker (Scelionidae Hymenoptera). J. Maharashtra agric. Univ. 8(3), (Lepidoptera: Eupterotidae) in Kalahandi district, Orissa. J. 281. Ent Res. 19(1), 1-7. Raj N (1976) Studies on the optimum potential and economics of Murthy D V (1957) Apanteles baoris Wilkinson (Braconidae: mass rearing of Trichogramma brasiliensis Ashmead. Hymenoptera) on the rice skipper Parnara mathias. Curr. Sci. Entomologists Newsl. 6(2), 23-24. 26, 324- 238. Ramachandra Rao Y (1921) Oxya velox. In : Rep. Proc. 4th Ent Nagarkatti S and Nagaraja H (1977) Biosystematics of Trichogramma Meeting, Pusa. pp. 41-42. and Trichogrammatoidea species. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 22, 157- Rao S N (1969) Studies on Indian Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: 176. Parasitica). J. Nat Hist. Soc. 66(1), 222-226. Nagarkatti S and Nair K R (1973) The influence of wild and cultivated Rao V N and Behera K S (1986a) Record of Eupteromalus parnarae Gramineae and Cyperaceae on populations of sugarcane borers Gahan as a hyperparasite of Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere and their parasites in North India. Entomophaga 18(4), 419- (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Revista di parasitologia 3(3), 430. 471- 482. Nair M R G K (1958) The biology and control of rice stalk borer Rao V N and Behera K S (1986b) Biology of Eupteromalus parnarae Proceras polychrysa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Gahan, a hyperparasite of Cardiochiles nigricollis Cameron Kerala. Indian J. Ent. 20(2), 136-141. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Indian J. Agric. Sci. 56(5), 394- Nalini T and Manickavasagam S (2011) Field incidence of rice mealy 395. bug Brevennia rehi (Lindinger) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Rao V P (1963) U.S.P.L.480 Project: Survey for natural enemies of and its gregarious parasitoid Rhopus nigroclavatus (Ashmead) paddy pests. Report for the period July 1961 to December 1962. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Plant Archives 11(2), 809-812. CIBC. 48p. Nandakumar C and Pramod M S (1998) Survey of natural enemies Rao V P (1970) Aims, objectives and future of biological control of in a rice ecosystem. Insect Environ. 4(6), 16-21. rice stem borers. Mushi 44, 11-14. Narayanan E S (1938) A note on Stenobracon deesae (Cam) a new Rao V P, Chacko M J, Phalak V R and Rao D (1970) Leaf feeding parasite of the root borer of sugarcane. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 8, caterpillars of paddy and their natural enemies in India. J. List of parasitic hymenopterans recorded from rice ecosystems of India 889 Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 66(3), 455-477. Thompson W R (1953) Host Parasite Catalogue, CIBC, Ottawa, 2: Rizvi S M A and Singh H M (1980) Natural enemies of paddy 1-190. cutworm Mythimna. separata (Walker). Oryza 17(3), 244-245. Tiwari N K (1973) Tetrastichus fasciatus Ashmead, a parasite of the Sain M and Kalode M B (1992) Studies on egg and nymphal parasites gall midge Bimba toombii Grover. Bolletino del Laboratorio, of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella di entomologia Agraria ‘Filippo Silvestri’ Portici. pp. 210- furcifera. Proc. Indian Aca. Sci. 91(2), 165-176. 216. Shankar G and Baskaran P (1988) Impact of the presence of parasites Varma G C and Bindra O S (1973a) Laboratory studies on on the population of resident endosymbiotes in brown superparasitism in Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) and Apanteles planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Delphacidae: chilonis Munakata (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). Indian J. Ent. Homoptera). Curr. Sci. 57(4), 212-214. 35(4), 281-284. Shweta M and Rajmohana K (2016) Egg parasitoids from the Varma G C and Bindra O S (1973b) Mating and oviposition behaviour subfamily Scelioninae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in in two Apanteles sp. Indian J. Ent. 35(4), 356-357. irrigated rice ecosystems across varied elevational ranges in Wikinson D S (1929) New species and host record of Braconidae. southern India. J. Threatened Taxa 8(6), 8898-8904. Bull. Ent. Res. 20(2), 205-208. Subba Rao B R, Venugopal Rao N and Razvi S A (1983) Parasitism, Yadav K P and Pawar A D (1989) New record of dryinid parasitoid a key factor in checking rice pest population. Entomon 8(1), of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. and white 97-100. backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horv. Entomon 14(3- Talgeri G M and Dalaya V P (1971) New record of parasites of paddy 4), 369-370. leaf roller. Res. J. Mahatma Phule Agri. Univ. 2(2), 156-158. Yasumatsu Y (1975) The richness of the insect fauna of rice-fields Thobbi V (1959) Life history, bionomics and control of Hispella in Thailand; its importance for the development of integrated stygia Chop., Mysore Agric. J. 34(2), 52-58. control in tropical rice culture. Agronomie Tropicale, Nogent- sur-Marne 38(1), 52-55. Thompson W R (1944-47) A catalogue of parasites and predators of insects pests (Section 1). Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. pp. 1-627.