DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix B: Malathion ECOTOX Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix B: Malathion ECOTOX Studies Appendix B: Malathion ECOTOX Studies Table of Contents 1 Papers that Were Accepted for ECOTOX................................................................... 1 2 Papers that Were Accepted for ECOTOX, but not OPP........................................... 79 3 Papers that Were Excluded from ECOTOX.............................................................. 89 1 Papers that Were Accepted for ECOTOX Acceptable for ECOTOX and OPP. Studies under this heading were considered for use quantitatively or qualitatively in the malathion risk assessment. Studies from this list not included in the text tables under the risk assessment effects characterization section involve one or more post screening issues: duplicate endpoints, effects reports with unspecified quantitiative endpoints, or effects endpoints expressed in units unusaeable in the risk assessment process. Abbasi, S. A. and Soni, R. (1991). Evaluation of Water Quality Criteria for Four Common Pesticides on the Basis of Computer-Aided Studies. Indian J.Environ.Health 33: 22-24. EcoReference No.: 61878 Chemical of Concern: CPY,MLN,ES,PHSL; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(CPY,ES,PHSL). Abdel-Rahman, A., Dechkovskaia, A. M., Goldstein, L. B., Bullman, S. H., Khan, W., El-Masry, E. M., and Abou-Donia, M. B. (2004). Neurological Deficits Induced by Malathion, DEET, and Permethrin, Alone or in Combination in Adult Rats. J.Toxicol.Environ.Health Part A 67: 331- 356. EcoReference No.: 89117 Chemical of Concern: MLN,PMR,DEET; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,BCM,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(PMR,DEET). Abdel-Rahman, M. S., Lechner, D. W., and Klein, K. M. (1985). Combination Effect of Carbaryl and Malathion in Rats. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 459-464. EcoReference No.: 35543 Chemical of Concern: CBL,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,CBL). Abdollahi, M., Donyavi, M., Pournourmohammadi, S., and Saadat, M. (2004). Hyperglycemia Associated with Increased Hepatic Glycogen Phosphorylase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Rats Following Subchronic Exposure to Malathion. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 137: 343-347. EcoReference No.: 89126 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Abdollahi, M., Mostafalou, S., Pournourmohammadi, S., and Shadnia, S. (2004). Oxidative Stress and Cholinesterase Inhibition in Saliva and Plasma of Rats Following Subchronic Exposure to Malathion. Comp.Biochem.Physiol.C 137: 29-34. EcoReference No.: 89127 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Adams, J. B. and Drew, M. E. (1965). Grain Aphids in New Brunswick. III. Aphid Populations in Herbicide-Treated Oat Fields. Can.J.Zool. 43: 789-794. EcoReference No.: 81639 Chemical of Concern: MLN,DMDP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: TARGET MLN. Adhikari, S., Sinha, A. K., and Munshi, J. S. D. (1998). Malathion Induced Ultrastructural Changes in the Gills of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Their Functional Significance in Oxygen Uptake. J.Freshw.Biol. 10: 69-74. EcoReference No.: 89148 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Ahmad, H. and Rizvi, S. M. A. (1994). Efficacy of Pyrethroids and Some Conventional Insecticides Against Earias vitella in Okra. Indian J.Plant Prot. 22: 65-68. EcoReference No.: 89018 Chemical of Concern: DM,CYP,PMR,FNV,PPHD,DMT,MLN,CBL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: OK(DM,CYP,PMR,FNV,PPHD),OK TARGET(CBL),NO TARGET,NO CROP(MLN,DMT). Ahmad, M. and Miah, R. U. (1989). Screening of Insecticides for the Control of Mustard Aphid Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Dav. Indian J.Entomol. 51: 366-368. EcoReference No.: 91586 Chemical of Concern: MLN,PPHD,DMT,DZ; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,DMT),OK(DZ). Ahmed, R. S., Seth, V., Pasha, S. T., and Banerjee, B. D. (2000). Influence of Dietary Ginger (Zingiber officinales Rosc) on Oxidative Stress Induced by Malathion in Rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 38: 443- 450. EcoReference No.: 91883 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Aikins, J. A. and Wright, D. J. (1985). Toxicity of DDT and Malathion to Various Larval Stages of Mamestra brassicae L. Pestic.Sci. 16: 73-80. EcoReference No.: 19582 Chemical of Concern: DDT,MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: ACC,BCM,BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),OK(DDT). Akarte, S. R., Muley, D. V., and Mane, U. H. (1986). Effect of Cythion-Malathion 50 EC (W/W) on the Estuarine Clam, Katelysia opima (Gmelin). In: M.F.Thompson, R.Sarojini, and R.Nagabhushanam (Eds.), Biology of Benthic Marine Organisms: Techniques and Methods as Applied to the Indian Ocean, A.A.Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands 501-510. EcoReference No.: 14269 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL,BEH,MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN),NO COC(KI). Akay, M. T., Elcuman, A., Nurcan, M., Kolankaya, D., and Yilmazoglu, G. (1992). Bioavailability and Toxicological Potential of Lentil-Bound Residues of Malathion in Rats. In: Meet.on Bound Pesticide Residue in Grain: Bioavailability and Biological Activity, May 13-17, 1991, Slough, England, UK, J.Environ.Sci.Health Part B 27: 325-340. EcoReference No.: 89273 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,PHY,GRO; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Akay, M. T., Yilmazoglu, G., Gokce, D., and Kolankaya, D. (1990). The Effects of Bound Residues of Malathion in Stored Wheat Grains on Rat Brain Acetylcholinesterase and Pseudocholinesterase Activities. Doga Turk.Zool.Derg 14: 162-166. EcoReference No.: 90627 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Akay, M. T., Yilmazoglu, G., Keskin, P., and Kolankaya, D. (1990). Biological Activity in Rats of Bound Residues of Malathion in Stored Wheat Grains. Doga Turk.Zool.Derg 14: 167-172. EcoReference No.: 89875 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Akhgari, M., Abdollahi, M., Kebryaeezadeh, A., Hosseini, R., and Sabzevari, O. (2003). Biochemical Evidence for Free Radical-Induced Lipid Peroxidation as a Mechanism for Subchronic Toxicity of Malathion in Blood and Liver of Rats. Hum.Exp.Toxicol. 22: 205-211. EcoReference No.: 89244 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Akhtar, N., Kayani, S. A., Ahmad, M. M., and Shahab, M. (1996). Insecticide-Induced Changes in Secretory Activity of the Thyroid Gland in Rats. J.Appl.Toxicol. 16: 397-400. EcoReference No.: 81333 Chemical of Concern: BFT,CYH,MLN,HCCH,HPT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(BFT,MLN),OK(HPT,HCCH,CYH),NO COC(MTM). Al-Qarawi, A. A. and Adam, S. E. I. (2003). Effects of Malathion Plus Superphosphate or Urea on Najdi Sheep. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 45: 3-5. EcoReference No.: 88957 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL,PHY,MOR; Rejection Code: NO DOM(MLN). Al-Qarawi, A. A., Mahmoud, O. M., Haroun, E. M., Sobaih, M. A., and Adam, S. E. I. (1999). Comparative Effects of Diazinon and Malathion in Najdi Sheep. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 41: 287-289. EcoReference No.: 85637 Chemical of Concern: DZ,MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,PHY,BCM; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(DZ,MLN). Ali, A. (1981). Laboratory Evaluation of Organophosphate and New Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides Against Pestiferous Chironomid Midges of Central Florida. Mosq.News 41: 157-161. EcoReference No.: 5559 Chemical of Concern: TMP,FNTH,MLN,CPY,CYP,PMR,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS). Ali, A., Chowdhury, M. A., Hossain, M. I., Ameen, M., Habiba, D. B., and Aslam, A. F. M. (1999). Laboratory Evaluation of Selected Larvicides and Insect Growth Regulators Against Field- Collected Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae from Urban Dhaka, Bangladesh. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 15: 43-47. EcoReference No.: 62487 Chemical of Concern: TMP,FPN,BFT,FNTH,CPYM,DFZ,CPY,CYP,MLN,PMR; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(FPN,CYP,MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS). Ali, A. and Mulla, M. S. ( 1980). Activity of Organophosphate and Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides Against Pestiferous Midges in Some Southern California Flood Control Channels. Mosq.News 40: 593-597. EcoReference No.: 3671 Chemical of Concern: FNTH,MLN,CPY,TMP,DM,CYP,FNV,PYT; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CYP,MLN),OK(ALL CHEMS). Ali, A., Nayar, J. K., and Xue, R.-D. (1995). Comparative Toxicity of Selected Larvicides and Insect Growth Regulators to a Florida Laboratory Population of Aedes albopictus. J.Am.Mosq.Control Assoc. 11: 72-76. EcoReference No.: 16077 Chemical of Concern: PYX,BFT,DFZ,FNTH,MLN,CPY,TMP,CYP,PMR,MTPN; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN,MTPN,CYP,BFT),OK(ALL CHEMS). Ali, S. S., Arshad, M., and Ali, T. (1997). Malathion Induced Haematoxicity in Chicks of Fowl, Gallus domesticus. Punjab Univ.J.Zool. 12: 127-137. EcoReference No.: 89223 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Ali, S. S., Arshad, M., Ali, T., and Shakoori, A. R. (1995). Some Metabolic Alterations Induced by an Organophosphate Insecticide, Malathion, on Chick Muscle. Punjab Univ.J.Zool. 10: 63-77. EcoReference No.: 89165 Chemical of Concern: MLN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,CEL; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(MLN). Allen, R. L. and Snipes, C. E. (1995). Interactions of Foliar Insecticides Applied with Pyrithiobac. Weed Technol. 9: 512-517. EcoReference No.: 64055 Chemical of Concern: ACP,PTB,AZ,BFT,CPY,DCTP,EFV,MLN,MOM,OML,TDC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,GRO,POP; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(EFV,TDC,MLN),OK(PTB),NO MIXTURE(ACP,AZ,BFT,CPY,DCTP,MOM,OML). Alvarez, M. C. (2005). Significance of Environmentally Realistic Levels of Selected Contaminants to Ecological Performance of Fish Larvae: Effects of Atrazine, Malathion, and Methylmercury.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
    ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Risk Alleviation Of Pesticides In Agriculture: From History To Analytical Techniques. Jojiya Grace George, and Aneesh TP*. Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita University, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India. ABSTRACT Population explosion leads to the exploitation of agricultural field to meet the supply of food products (mainly vegetables and fruits). Before first century onwards the usage of pesticide was started to promote the growth of food products and in the present, biotechnological strategies are adopted for pest control along with synthetic pesticides. The demand for maximization of productivity is achieved by the application of synthetic pesticides. Apart from its benefits, its misuse predominates and generates serious consequences. The categorization of pesticides can be done according to their source, mode of action, nature of pest and also on their chemical nature. Excessive and inappropriate usage of pesticides undoubtfully leads to poisoning and various instances of pesticide poisoning are being reported every year. These incidences of pesticide poisoning tragedy include Endosulphan poisoning, Tragedy of Tauccamarca, Seveso disaster etc. These pesticides create serious health hazards ranging from short term effects like vomiting to long term effects including cancer and neurological problems. Analytical laboratories contribute for reducing its intensity to humans and to environment through preliminary screening techniques and comprehensive screening procedures like HPLC, LCMS, GC and GCMS. These are efficient and powerful methods of pesticide determination in vegetables and fruits. The scenario of pesticide usage is complex and hence, care has to be taken by the government and public to lower its usage and to promote environmental stability and social health.
    [Show full text]
  • Contentious Corporate Social Responsibility Practices by British American Tobacco in Cameroon
    CONTENTIOUS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES BY BRITISH AMERICAN TOBACCO IN CAMEROON Práticas contenciosas de responsabilidade social corporativa pela British American Tobacco nos Camarões Kingsly Awang Ollong1 Introduction Increasingly consumers, employees and managers expect companies, particularly large multinationals, to go beyond their traditional role of creating, producing, packaging and selling—for a profit. Public opinion opines that job creation and tax paying no longer suffice as private sector’s sole contribution to society. The existence of tobacco and cigarette companies triggers the question of the reasonableness of CSR activities undertaken by the companies. While it is known that cigarettes have a negative impact on human health in particular, the act of tobacco companies that is by undertaking CSR has invited a huge controversy which is seen as a platform to maintain its operations. The common denominator among the vast majority of ethical or socially responsible investment policies and products is the exclusion of tobacco companies in their portfolios (Yack et al., 2001:191). Well-planned and well-managed philanthropy, from sponsoring music, film and art festivals to creating education programs for the disadvantaged to protecting the environment, in the name of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a necessary element in virtually every large corporation’s business plan. Many businesses from a wide range of sectors conduct projects and programmes that aim to reduce social inequity—by creating or improving health care or educational facilities, providing vocational and management training, enhancing the quality of leisure and cultural activities. Specific sectors are recognizing their responsibilities and orient their CSR efforts to areas especially relevant to their business.
    [Show full text]
  • Liste Des Pesticides
    Pesticides azotés Atrazine Hexazinone Terbutylazine Terbumeton-déséthyl Terbutylazine-déséthyl Amétryne Cyromazine Clofentezine Metribuzine Prometryne Pymetrozine Terbumeton Prometon Secbumeton Terbutryne Methoprotryne Simazine Simetryne Cyanazine Atrazine-déisopropyl Pesticides organochlorés Methoxychlore Chlorothalonil Quintozène (pentachloronitrobenzène) 2,4' DDD 2,4' DDE 4,4' DDD 4,4' DDE 4,4' DDT Aldrine Dicofol Dieldrine Endosulfan alpha Endosulfan béta Endosulfan sulfate Endrine HCB (hexachlorobenzène) HCH alpha HCH béta HCH delta Heptachlore Heptachlore époxyde Lindane (HCH gamma) Tetradifon Nitrofen Mirex Tolclofos-méthyl Dicloran 2,4' DDT Folpel (folpet) Somme des heptachlore et heptachlore epoxyde Chlordane cis (alpha) Chlordane cis (alpha) Oxychlordane Tecnazene HCH epsilon Chlorthal-diméthyl (DCPA méthyl ester) Pentachlorobenzène Isodrine Chloroneb Chlorbenzide Chlorobenzilate Endrine cétone Nonachlor trans Chlordane gamma 4,4'-dichlorobenzophénone Endosulfan-éther Heptachlore epoxyde exo Pentachlorobenzonitrile Nonachlor cis 4,4'-méthoxychlore oléfine Perthane Heptachlore epoxyde endo Somme quintozène+PCA (exprimée en quintozène) Pesticides organophosphorés Carbophénothion Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyriphos éthyl Chlorpyriphos méthyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Disulfoton Ethion Ethoprophos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fonofos Formothion Isazofos Isofenphos Malathion Methidathion Mevinphos Parathion éthyl Parathion méthyl Phorate Phosalone Pyrimiphos méthyl Profenofos Pyrazophos Quinalphos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Etrimfos EPN Fenamiphos Mecarbam
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Insects Associated with Rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) Crop Agroecosystem in the Punjab, Pakistan
    Biodiversity of insects associated with rice ( Oryza sativa L.) crop agroecosystem in the Punjab, Pakistan By MUHAMMAD ASGHAR M.Sc. (Hons.) Agricultural Entomology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Entomology FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD PAKISTAN 2010 1 To The Controller of Examinations, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. We, the Supervisory Committee, certify that the contents and form of thesis submitted by Mr. Muhammad Asghar, Regd. 92-ag-1261 have been found satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the External Examiner (s) for the award of degree. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE 1. CHAIRMAN: ………………………………………………. (DR. ANJUM SUHAIL) 2. MEMBER ………………………………………………. (DR. MUHAMMAD AFZAL) 3. MEMBER ……………………………………………….. (DR. MUHAMMAD ASLAM KHAN) 2 DEDICATED To My Affectionate Parents Loving Brothers, Sisters and Wife 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises are for “Almighty Allah” who is the creator of this multifaceted and beautiful universe. I consider it as my foremost duty to acknowledge the omnipresent kindness and love of Almighty Allah who made it possible for me to complete the writing of this thesis. I think it is also my supreme obligation to express the gratitude and respect to Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) who is forever a torch of guidance and knowledge for humanity as a whole. How honourable it is to offer my cordial gratitude to my worthy supervisor and supervisory committee, Prof. Dr. Anjum Suhail; Dr. Muhammad Afzal, Department of Agri. Entomology and Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, for their constant interest, valuable suggestions, inspirational guidance and encouragement throughout the course of my studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fishes of the Genus Capoeta (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Iran
    Received: 3 May 2016 | Revised: 8 August 2016 | Accepted: 9 August 2016 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2411 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fishes of the genus Capoeta (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Iran Hamid Reza Ghanavi | Elena G. Gonzalez | Ignacio Doadrio Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Biodiversity and Evolutionary Abstract Biology Department, CSIC, Madrid, Spain The Middle East contains a great diversity of Capoeta species, but their taxonomy re- Correspondence mains poorly described. We used mitochondrial history to examine diversity of the Hamid Reza Ghanavi, Department of algae- scraping cyprinid Capoeta in Iran, applying the species- delimiting approaches Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Email: [email protected] General Mixed Yule- Coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Process (PTP) as well as haplotype network analyses. Using the BEAST program, we also examined temporal divergence patterns of Capoeta. The monophyly of the genus and the existence of three previously described main clades (Mesopotamian, Anatolian- Iranian, and Aralo- Caspian) were confirmed. However, the phylogeny proposed novel taxonomic findings within Capoeta. Results of GMYC, bPTP, and phylogenetic analyses were similar and suggested that species diversity in Iran is currently underestimated. At least four can- didate species, Capoeta sp4, Capoeta sp5, Capoeta sp6, and Capoeta sp7, are awaiting description. Capoeta capoeta comprises a species complex with distinct genetic line- ages. The divergence times of the three main Capoeta clades are estimated to have occurred around 15.6–12.4 Mya, consistent with a Mio- Pleistocene origin of the di- versity of Capoeta in Iran. The changes in Caspian Sea levels associated with climate fluctuations and geomorphological events such as the uplift of the Zagros and Alborz Mountains may account for the complex speciation patterns in Capoeta in Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT Dated As of 27 September 2010
    CO-OPERATION AGREEMENT dated as of 27 September 2010 among IMPERIAL TOBACCO LIMITED AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REPRESENTED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND EACH MEMBER STATE LISTED ON THE SIGNATURE PAGES HERETO 1 ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS Section 1.1. Definitions........................................................................................... 7 ARTICLE 2 ITL’S SALES AND DISTRIBUTION COMPLIANCE PRACTICES Section 2.1. ITL Policies and Code of Conduct.................................................... 12 Section 2.2. Certification of Compliance.............................................................. 12 Section 2.3 Acquisition of Other Tobacco Companies and New Manufacturing Facilities. .......................................................................................... 14 Section 2.4 Subsequent changes to Affiliates of ITL............................................ 14 ARTICLE 3 ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT INITIATIVES Section 3.1. Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives............................ 14 Section 3.2. Support for Anti-Contraband and Anti-Counterfeit Initiatives......... 14 ARTICLE 4 PAYMENTS TO SUPPORT THE ANTI-CONTRABAND AND ANTI-COUNTERFEIT COOPERATION ARTICLE 5 NOTIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF CONTRABAND AND COUNTERFEIT SEIZURES Section 5.1. Notice of Seizure. .............................................................................. 15 Section 5.2. Inspection of Seizures. ...................................................................... 16 Section 5.3. Determination of Seizures................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia in Lepidoptera
    COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA. By DEV RAJ MEHTA, M. Sc.~ Ph. D. (Canta.b.), 'Univefsity Scholar of the Government of the Punjab, India (Department of Zoology, University of Oambridge). CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction 197 Historical Review 199 Technique. 201 N ontenclature 201 Function • 205 Comparative Morphology 206 Conclusions in Phylogeny 257 Summary 261 Literature 1 262 INTRODUCTION. In the domains of both Morphology and Taxonomy the study' of Insect genitalia has evoked considerable interest during the past half century. Zander (1900, 1901, 1903) suggested a common structural plan for the genitalia in various orders of insects. This work stimulated further research and his conclusions were amplified by Crampton (1920) who homologized the different parts in the genitalia of Hymenoptera, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera, Trichoptera Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Strepsiptera with those of more generalized insects like the Ephe­ meroptera and Thysanura. During this time the use of genitalic charac­ ters for taxonomic purposes was also realized particularly in cases where the other imaginal characters had failed to serve. In this con­ nection may be mentioned the work of Buchanan White (1876), Gosse (1883), Bethune Baker (1914), Pierce (1909, 1914, 1922) and others. Also, a comparative account of the genitalia, as a basis for the phylo­ genetic study of different insect orders, was employed by Walker (1919), Sharp and Muir (1912), Singh-Pruthi (1925) and Cole (1927), in Orthop­ tera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and the Diptera respectively. It is sur­ prising, work of this nature having been found so useful in these groups, that an important order like the Lepidoptera should have escaped careful analysis at the hands of the morphologists.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10. Luso-Tropicalism Debunked, Again
    chapter 10 Luso-tropicalism Debunked, Again Race, Racism, and Racialism in Three Portuguese-Speaking Societies Cristiana Bastos Luso-tropicalism’s Aft erlife and the Need for Further Research Th e term Luso-tropicalism was craft ed in the 1950s by the Brazilian anthropol- ogist and cultural historian Gilberto Freyre.1 In his earlier works on colonial Brazil, Freyre suggested that the Portuguese colonizers had a special ability to adapt to the tropics by easily intermingling, intermarrying, and interchanging cultural elements with diff erent peoples, given that they were themselves the result of multiple mixtures.2 Two decades later, he expanded the idea into a concept suitable to all societies sharing Portuguese infl uence, whether colonial plantations, settler societies, or conquest territories.3 Before Luso-tropicalism could mature—or expire—as a theory, it was bor- rowed for political purposes by the Portuguese government and pasted into the offi cial doctrine of the regime. Th e new doctrine, a combination of old imperial tropes and Freyre’s novel ideas, was propagated in the 1960s and early 1970s. At its core was the assertion of a benign, humanistic, and nonracist distinctive Portuguese character as best shown in the tropics. From that as- sumption followed the claims about empire not being an empire but a unique multiracial nation across the continents, and colonies not being colonies but parts of a singular nation that extended from Minho in Northern Portugal to distant Timor in Southeast Asia. Th ose rhetorical devices were meant to dismiss the challenges to the Portuguese colonial rule that came from three fronts: internal political opponents, African nationalist movements, and the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • 2002 NRP Section 6, Tables 6.1 Through
    Table 6.1 Scoring Table for Pesticides 2002 FSIS NRP, Domestic Monitoring Plan } +1 0.05] COMPOUND/COMPOUND CLASS * ) (EPA) (EPA) (EPA) (EPA) (EPA) (FSIS) (FSIS) PSI (P) TOX.(T) L-1 HIST. VIOL. BIOCON. (B) {[( (2*R+P+B)/4]*T} REG. CON. (R) * ENDO. DISRUP. LACK INFO. (L) LACK INFO. {[ Benzimidazole Pesticides in FSIS Benzimidazole MRM (5- 131434312.1 hydroxythiabendazole, benomyl (as carbendazim), thiabendazole) Carbamates in FSIS Carbamate MRM (aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, NA44234416.1 aldicarb sulfone, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbofuran 3-hydroxy) Carbamates NOT in FSIS Carbamate MRM (carbaryl 5,6-dihydroxy, chlorpropham, propham, thiobencarb, 4-chlorobenzylmethylsulfone,4- NT 4 1 3 NV 4 4 13.8 chlorobenzylmethylsulfone sulfoxide) CHC's and COP's in FSIS CHC/COP MRM (HCB, alpha-BHC, lindane, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, ronnel, linuron, oxychlordane, chlorpyrifos, nonachlor, heptachlor epoxide A, heptachlor epoxide B, endosulfan I, endosulfan I sulfate, endosulfan II, trans- chlordane, cis-chlordane, chlorfenvinphos, p,p'-DDE, p, p'-TDE, o,p'- 3444NV4116.0 DDT, p,p'-DDT, carbophenothion, captan, tetrachlorvinphos [stirofos], kepone, mirex, methoxychlor, phosalone, coumaphos-O, coumaphos-S, toxaphene, famphur, PCB 1242, PCB 1248, PCB 1254, PCB 1260, dicofol*, PBBs*, polybrominated diphenyl ethers*, deltamethrin*) (*identification only) COP's and OP's NOT in FSIS CHC/COP MRM (azinphos-methyl, azinphos-methyl oxon, chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, coumaphos oxon, diazinon, diazinon oxon, diazinon met G-27550, dichlorvos, dimethoate, dimethoate
    [Show full text]
  • The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances)
    APPENDIX A (THE LIST OF EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES) THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 75-86-5 ACETONE CYANOHYDRIN 500 10 1752-30-3 ACETONE THIOSEMICARBAZIDE 500/500 1,000 107-02-8 ACROLEIN 500 1 79-06-1 ACRYLAMIDE 500/500 5,000 107-13-1 ACRYLONITRILE 500 100 814-68-6 ACRYLYL CHLORIDE 100 100 111-69-3 ADIPONITRILE 500 1,000 116-06-3 ALDICARB 100/500 1 309-00-2 ALDRIN 500/500 1 107-18-6 ALLYL ALCOHOL 500 100 107-11-9 ALLYLAMINE 500 500 20859-73-8 ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE 500 100 54-62-6 AMINOPTERIN 500/500 500 78-53-5 AMITON 500 500 3734-97-2 AMITON OXALATE 100/500 100 7664-41-7 AMMONIA 500 100 300-62-9 AMPHETAMINE 500 1,000 62-53-3 ANILINE 500 5,000 88-05-1 ANILINE,2,4,6-TRIMETHYL- 500 500 7783-70-2 ANTIMONY PENTAFLUORIDE 500 500 1397-94-0 ANTIMYCIN A 500/500 1,000 86-88-4 ANTU 500/500 100 1303-28-2 ARSENIC PENTOXIDE 100/500 1 THRESHOLD REPORTABLE INVENTORY RELEASE QUANTITY QUANTITY CAS NUMBER CHEMICAL NAME (POUNDS) (POUNDS) 1327-53-3 ARSENOUS OXIDE 100/500 1 7784-34-1 ARSENOUS TRICHLORIDE 500 1 7784-42-1 ARSINE 100 100 2642-71-9 AZINPHOS-ETHYL 100/500 100 86-50-0 AZINPHOS-METHYL 10/500 1 98-87-3 BENZAL CHLORIDE 500 5,000 98-16-8 BENZENAMINE, 3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)- 500 500 100-14-1 BENZENE, 1-(CHLOROMETHYL)-4-NITRO- 500/500 500 98-05-5 BENZENEARSONIC ACID 10/500 10 3615-21-2 BENZIMIDAZOLE, 4,5-DICHLORO-2-(TRI- 500/500 500 FLUOROMETHYL)- 98-07-7 BENZOTRICHLORIDE 100 10 100-44-7 BENZYL CHLORIDE 500 100 140-29-4 BENZYL CYANIDE 500 500 15271-41-7 BICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPTANE-2-CARBONITRILE,5-
    [Show full text]
  • Malathion Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report
    SERA TR-052-02-02c Malathion Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report Submitted to: Paul Mistretta, COR USDA/Forest Service, Southern Region 1720 Peachtree RD, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30309 USDA Forest Service Contract: AG-3187-C-06-0010 USDA Forest Order Number: AG-43ZP-D-06-0012 SERA Internal Task No. 52-02 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Fax: (315) 637-0445 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com May 12, 2008 Table of Contents Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Appendices ......................................................................................................................... vi List of Attachments........................................................................................................................ vi ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS ............................................................... vii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................... x CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • List of Parasitic Hymenopterans Recorded from Rice Ecosystems of India
    J. Exp. Zool. India Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 877-889, 2019 www.connectjournals.com/jez ISSN 0972-0030 LIST OF PARASITIC HYMENOPTERANS RECORDED FROM RICE ECOSYSTEMS OF INDIA J. Alfred Daniel* and K. Ramaraju Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India. *e-mail : [email protected] (Received 20 February 2019; Accepted 17 June 2019) ABSTRACT : An inventory of the diversity of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with rice agroecosystem of Indian subcontinent has revealed 377 species recorded so far. Of all the 377 species, only 6 per cent (22 Nos.) is represented by Aculeata and 94 per cent (355 Nos.) are Parasitica. These parasitoids fall under 206 genera belonging to 11 super families and 28 families. The eleven super families were, Apoidea (1), Chrysidoidea (16), Vespoidea (5), Ceraphronoidea (3), Chalcidoidea (171), Cynipoidea (2), Diaproidea (6), Evanoidea (3), Incheumonoidea (112), Platygastroidea (57) and Prototrupoidea (1). A total of 85 species of parasitoids were added in the list from the present study itself and 136 species were added in the existing check list by Dey et al (1999), which suggest that there is much scope in the aspect of studying the diversity of parasitic hymenopterans associated with rice ecosystems of India and to exploit them as biological control agents to make Indian agriculture less dependent on insecticides. Key words : Parasitic hymenopterans, rice ecosystems, insecticides. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Rice fields harbour a rich and varied fauna than any Though the inventory was principally supported by other agricultural crop (Heckman, 1979; Fritz et al, 2011). the Thompson’s catalogue (1953) and was framed on the The fauna is dominated by micro, meso and macro basis of Dey et al (1999), information from many other arthropods inhabiting soil, water and vegetation sub- primary and secondary sources of information retrieval habitats of the rice fields.
    [Show full text]