PAPERS PRESENTED DURING 1922. the Fourth Volume
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Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects
© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) Morphology and Adaptation of Immature Stages of Hemipteran Insects Devina Seram and Yendrembam K Devi Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab Introduction Insect Adaptations An adaptation is an environmental change so an insect can better fit in and have a better chance of living. Insects are modified in many ways according to their environment. Insects can have adapted legs, mouthparts, body shapes, etc. which makes them easier to survive in the environment that they live in and these adaptations also help them get away from predators and other natural enemies. Here are some adaptations in the immature stages of important families of Hemiptera. Hemiptera are hemimetabolous exopterygotes with only egg and nymphal immature stages and are divided into two sub-orders, homoptera and heteroptera. The immature stages of homopteran families include Delphacidae, Fulgoridae, Cercopidae, Cicadidae, Membracidae, Cicadellidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, Phylloxeridae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, Diaspididae and heteropteran families Notonectidae, Corixidae, Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Coreidae, Tingitidae, Miridae will be discussed. Homopteran families 1. Delphacidae – Eg. plant hoppers They comprise the largest family of plant hoppers and are characterized by the presence of large, flattened spurs at the apex of their hind tibiae. Eggs are deposited inside plant tissues, elliptical in shape, colourless to whitish. Nymphs are similar in appearance to adults except for size, colour, under- developed wing pads and genitalia. 2. Fulgoridae – Eg. lantern bugs They can be recognized with their antennae inserted on the sides & beneath the eyes. -
Laws of Malaysia
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ONLINE VERSION OF UPDATED TEXT OF REPRINT Act 716 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 As at 1 December 2014 2 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 Date of Royal Assent … … 21 October 2010 Date of publication in the Gazette … … … 4 November 2010 Latest amendment made by P.U.(A)108/2014 which came into operation on ... ... ... ... … … … … 18 April 2014 3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 716 WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ACT 2010 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title and commencement 2. Application 3. Interpretation PART II APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS, ETC. 4. Appointment of officers, etc. 5. Delegation of powers 6. Power of Minister to give directions 7. Power of the Director General to issue orders 8. Carrying and use of arms PART III LICENSING PROVISIONS Chapter 1 Requirement for licence, etc. 9. Requirement for licence 4 Laws of Malaysia ACT 716 Section 10. Requirement for permit 11. Requirement for special permit Chapter 2 Application for licence, etc. 12. Application for licence, etc. 13. Additional information or document 14. Grant of licence, etc. 15. Power to impose additional conditions and to vary or revoke conditions 16. Validity of licence, etc. 17. Carrying or displaying licence, etc. 18. Change of particulars 19. Loss of licence, etc. 20. Replacement of licence, etc. 21. Assignment of licence, etc. 22. Return of licence, etc., upon expiry 23. Suspension or revocation of licence, etc. 24. Licence, etc., to be void 25. Appeals Chapter 3 Miscellaneous 26. Hunting by means of shooting 27. No licence during close season 28. Prerequisites to operate zoo, etc. 29. Prohibition of possessing, etc., snares 30. -
Jumping Mechanisms in Dictyopharid Planthoppers (Hemiptera
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 402-413 doi:10.1242/jeb.093476 RESEARCH ARTICLE Jumping mechanisms in dictyopharid planthoppers (Hemiptera, Dicytyopharidae) Malcolm Burrows* ABSTRACT legs in the same plane underneath the body. A catapult-like The jumping performance of four species of hemipterans belonging to mechanism is used in which the trochanteral depressor muscles the family Dictyopharidae, from Europe, South Africa and Australia, contract slowly, energy is stored and is then released suddenly were analysed from high-speed images. The body shape in all was (Burrows, 2006a; Burrows, 2007b; Burrows, 2009). Despite these characterised by an elongated and tapering head that gave a important common features, each group has particular streamlined appearance. The body size ranged from 6 to 9 mm in specialisations of its own that define its jumping abilities. These length and from 6 to 23 mg in mass. The hind legs were 80–90% of include differences in body shape, in the length of the hind legs body length and 30–50% longer than the front legs, except in one and in the anatomy of the coxae. species in which the front legs were particularly large so that all legs Most leafhoppers have hind legs that are two to three times longer were of similar length. Jumping was propelled by rapid and than the other legs and are 90% of the body length (Burrows, simultaneous depression of the trochantera of both hind legs, powered 2007b). By contrast, froghoppers and planthoppers have hind legs by large muscles in the thorax, and was accompanied by extension of that are only 40–50% longer than the other legs and approximately the tibiae. -
Host Plants and Seasonal Presence of Dictyophara Europaea in the Vineyard Agro-Ecosystem
Bulletin of Insectology 61 (1): 199-200, 2008 ISSN 1721-8861 Host plants and seasonal presence of Dictyophara europaea in the vineyard agro-ecosystem Federico LESSIO, Alberto ALMA Di.Va.P.R.A., Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all’Ambiente “C. Vidano”, Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Torino, Italy Abstract Seasonal presence and host plants of Dictyophara europaea (L.), a candidate vector of phytoplasmas to grapevine, were studied in Piedmont during 2006 in different vine growing regions. Sampling consisted in net sweeping on different candidate host plants, and captures of adults with yellow sticky traps placed on grapevine. D. europaea nymphs and adults were collected on many weeds, showing how this planthopper should be considered a poly- phagous species, although Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Urtica dioica L. seem to be its preferred hosts, and may also bear phy- toplasmas. Larvae of Dryinidae were observed on almost 5% of collected individuals. The peak of adult presence was recorded in the middle of August, but few adults were captured on sticky traps placed on grapevine. Molecular analyses will be performed to detect the presence of phytoplasmas in captured individuals; however, given its scarce presence on grapevine, D. europaea does not seem capable to play a major role in the transmission of phytoplasmas to grapevine even if its vector ability were proved. Key words: Dictyophara europaea, vector, sweep net, Amaranthus retroflexus, grapevine. Introduction Holzinger et al. (2003). During 2007, collected nymphs and adults were put into a rearing cage made of plexi- The genus Dictyophara Germar is represented in Italy glas and insect-proof mesh, with a single plant of Ama- with four species: Dictyophara cyrnea Spinola (only in ranthus retroflexus L., to observe feeding behaviour and Sardinia), Dictyophara pannonica (Germar) (doubtful), ovoposition. -
Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae)1 F
EENY-033 Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psyllidae)1 F. W. Mead and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction In June 1998, the insect was detected on the east coast of Florida, from Broward to St. Lucie counties, and was The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is apparently limited to dooryard host plantings at the time of widely distributed in southern Asia. It is an important pest its discovery. By September 2000, this pest had spread to 31 of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious Florida counties (Halbert 2001). citrus disease called greening disease or Huanglongbing. This disease is responsible for the destruction of several Diaphorina citri is often referred to as citrus psylla, but this citrus industries in Asia and Africa (Manjunath 2008). is the same common name sometimes applied to Trioza Until recently, the Asian citrus psyllid did not occur in erytreae (Del Guercio), the psyllid pest of citrus in Africa. North America or Hawaii, but was reported in Brazil, by To avoid confusion, T. erytreae should be referred to as the Costa Lima (1942) and Catling (1970). African citrus psyllid or the two-spotted citrus psyllid (the latter name is in reference to a pair of spots on the base of the abdomen in late stage nymphs). These two psyllids are the only known vectors of the etiologic agent of citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing), and are the only eco- nomically important psyllid species on citrus in the world. Six other species of Diaphorina are reported on citrus, but these are non-vector species of relatively little importance (Halbert and Manjunath 2004). -
LCSH Section L
L (The sound) Formal languages La Boderie family (Not Subd Geog) [P235.5] Machine theory UF Boderie family BT Consonants L1 algebras La Bonte Creek (Wyo.) Phonetics UF Algebras, L1 UF LaBonte Creek (Wyo.) L.17 (Transport plane) BT Harmonic analysis BT Rivers—Wyoming USE Scylla (Transport plane) Locally compact groups La Bonte Station (Wyo.) L-29 (Training plane) L2TP (Computer network protocol) UF Camp Marshall (Wyo.) USE Delfin (Training plane) [TK5105.572] Labonte Station (Wyo.) L-98 (Whale) UF Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (Computer network BT Pony express stations—Wyoming USE Luna (Whale) protocol) Stagecoach stations—Wyoming L. A. Franco (Fictitious character) BT Computer network protocols La Borde Site (France) USE Franco, L. A. (Fictitious character) L98 (Whale) USE Borde Site (France) L.A.K. Reservoir (Wyo.) USE Luna (Whale) La Bourdonnaye family (Not Subd Geog) USE LAK Reservoir (Wyo.) LA 1 (La.) La Braña Region (Spain) L.A. Noire (Game) USE Louisiana Highway 1 (La.) USE Braña Region (Spain) UF Los Angeles Noire (Game) La-5 (Fighter plane) La Branche, Bayou (La.) BT Video games USE Lavochkin La-5 (Fighter plane) UF Bayou La Branche (La.) L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) La-7 (Fighter plane) Bayou Labranche (La.) USE Life cycle costing USE Lavochkin La-7 (Fighter plane) Labranche, Bayou (La.) L.C. Smith shotgun (Not Subd Geog) La Albarrada, Battle of, Chile, 1631 BT Bayous—Louisiana UF Smith shotgun USE Albarrada, Battle of, Chile, 1631 La Brea Avenue (Los Angeles, Calif.) BT Shotguns La Albufereta de Alicante Site (Spain) This heading is not valid for use as a geographic L Class (Destroyers : 1939-1948) (Not Subd Geog) USE Albufereta de Alicante Site (Spain) subdivision. -
The Influence of Prairie Restoration on Hemiptera
CAN THE ONE TRUE BUG BE THE ONE TRUE ANSWER? THE INFLUENCE OF PRAIRIE RESTORATION ON HEMIPTERA COMPOSITION Thesis Submitted to The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in Biology By Stephanie Kay Gunter, B.A. Dayton, Ohio August 2021 CAN THE ONE TRUE BUG BE THE ONE TRUE ANSWER? THE INFLUENCE OF PRAIRIE RESTORATION ON HEMIPTERA COMPOSITION Name: Gunter, Stephanie Kay APPROVED BY: Chelse M. Prather, Ph.D. Faculty Advisor Associate Professor Department of Biology Ryan W. McEwan, Ph.D. Committee Member Associate Professor Department of Biology Mark G. Nielsen Ph.D. Committee Member Associate Professor Department of Biology ii © Copyright by Stephanie Kay Gunter All rights reserved 2021 iii ABSTRACT CAN THE ONE TRUE BUG BE THE ONE TRUE ANSWER? THE INFLUENCE OF PRAIRIE RESTORATION ON HEMIPTERA COMPOSITION Name: Gunter, Stephanie Kay University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. Chelse M. Prather Ohio historically hosted a patchwork of tallgrass prairies, which provided habitat for native species and prevented erosion. As these vulnerable habitats have declined in the last 200 years due to increased human land use, restorations of these ecosystems have increased, and it is important to evaluate their success. The Hemiptera (true bugs) are an abundant and varied order of insects including leafhoppers, aphids, cicadas, stink bugs, and more. They play important roles in grassland ecosystems, feeding on plant sap and providing prey to predators. Hemipteran abundance and composition can respond to grassland restorations, age of restoration, and size and isolation of habitat. -
Identification and Ecology of Alternative Insect Vectors Of
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE www.nature.com/scientificreportsprovided by AIR Universita degli studi di Milano OPEN Identifcation and ecology of alternative insect vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevine Fabio Quaglino1, Francesco Sanna2, Abdelhameed Moussa 1, Monica Faccincani3, Alessandro Passera1, Paola Casati1, Piero Attilio Bianco1 & Nicola Mori 2* Bois noir, a disease of the grapevine yellows complex, is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and transmitted to grapevines in open felds by the cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus and Reptalus panzeri. In vine-growing areas where the population density of these vectors is low within the vineyard, the occurrence of bois noir implies the existence of alternative vectors. The aim of this study was to identify alternative vectors through screening of the Auchenorrhyncha community, phytoplasma typing by stamp gene sequence analyses, and transmission trials. During feld activities, conducted in Northern Italy in a vineyard where the bois noir incidence was extremely high, nine potential alternative insect vectors were identifed according to high abundance in the vineyard agro-ecosystem, high infection rate, and harbouring phytoplasma strains characterized by stamp gene sequence variants found also in symptomatic grapevines. Transmission trials coupled with molecular analyses showed that at least eight species (Aphrodes makarovi, Dicranotropis hamata, Dictyophara europaea, Euscelis incisus, Euscelidius variegatus, Laodelphax striatella, Philaenus spumarius, and Psammotettix alienus/confnis) are alternative vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ to grapevines. These novel fndings highlight that bois noir epidemiology in vineyard agro-ecosystems is more complex than previously known, opening up new perspectives in the disease management. Bois noir (BN), a disease of the grapevine yellows (GY) complex, causes serious crop losses in wine-making grape varieties in the Euro-Mediterranean area and in other vine-growing countries. -
The Planthopper Genus Trypetimorpha: Systematics and Phylogenetic Relationships (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae)
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1993, 27, 609-629 The planthopper genus Trypetimorpha: systematics and phylogenetic relationships (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) J. HUANG and T. BOURGOINt* Pomological Institute of Shijiazhuang, Agricultural and Forestry Academy of Sciences of Hebei, 5-7 Street, 050061, Shijiazhuang, China t Mus#um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire d'Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France (Accepted 28 January 1993) The genus Trypetimorpha is revised with the eight currently recognized species described or re-described. Four new species are described and seven new synonymies are proposed. Within Trypetimorphini sensu Fennah (1982), evidences for the monophyly of each genus are selected, but Caffrommatissus is transferred to the Cixiopsini. Monophyly of Trypetimorphini, restricted to Trypetimorpha and Ommatissus, is discussed. A key is given for the following Trypetimorpha species: (1) T. fenestrata Costa ( = T. pilosa Horvfith, syn. n.); (2) T. biermani Dammerman (= T. biermani Muir, syn. n.; = T. china (Wu), syn. n.; = T. formosana Ishihara, syn. n.); (3) T. japonica Ishihara ( = T. koreana Kwon and Lee, syn. n.); (4) T. canopus Linnavuori; (5) T. occidentalis, sp. n. (= T. fenestrata Costa, sensu Horvfith); (6) T. aschei, sp. n., from New Guinea; (7) T. wilsoni, sp. n., from Australia; (8) T. sizhengi, sp. n., from China and Viet Nam. Study of the type specimens of T. fenestrata Costa shows that they are different from T. fenestrata sensu Horvfith as usually accepted, which one is redescribed here as T. occidentalis. KEYWORDS: Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae, Trypetimorpha, Ommatissus, Cafrommatissus, systematics, phylogeny. Downloaded by [University of Delaware] at 10:13 13 January 2016 Introduction This revision arose as the result of a study of the Chinese Fulgoromorpha of economic importance (Chou et al., 1985) and the opportunity for J.H. -
Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve
Some Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Some by Aniruddha Dhamorikar Insects & Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve Aniruddha Dhamorikar 1 2 Study of some Insect orders (Insecta) and Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Kanha Tiger Reserve by The Corbett Foundation Project investigator Aniruddha Dhamorikar Expert advisors Kedar Gore Dr Amol Patwardhan Dr Ashish Tiple Declaration This report is submitted in the fulfillment of the project initiated by The Corbett Foundation under the permission received from the PCCF (Wildlife), Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal, communication code क्रम 車क/ तकनीकी-I / 386 dated January 20, 2014. Kanha Office Admin office Village Baherakhar, P.O. Nikkum 81-88, Atlanta, 8th Floor, 209, Dist Balaghat, Nariman Point, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh 481116 Maharashtra 400021 Tel.: +91 7636290300 Tel.: +91 22 614666400 [email protected] www.corbettfoundation.org 3 Some Insects and Spiders of Kanha Tiger Reserve by Aniruddha Dhamorikar © The Corbett Foundation. 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form (electronic and in print) for commercial purposes. This book is meant for educational purposes only, and can be reproduced or transmitted electronically or in print with due credit to the author and the publisher. All images are © Aniruddha Dhamorikar unless otherwise mentioned. Image credits (used under Creative Commons): Amol Patwardhan: Mottled emigrant (plate 1.l) Dinesh Valke: Whirligig beetle (plate 10.h) Jeffrey W. Lotz: Kerria lacca (plate 14.o) Piotr Naskrecki, Bud bug (plate 17.e) Beatriz Moisset: Sweat bee (plate 26.h) Lindsay Condon: Mole cricket (plate 28.l) Ashish Tiple: Common hooktail (plate 29.d) Ashish Tiple: Common clubtail (plate 29.e) Aleksandr: Lacewing larva (plate 34.c) Jeff Holman: Flea (plate 35.j) Kosta Mumcuoglu: Louse (plate 35.m) Erturac: Flea (plate 35.n) Cover: Amyciaea forticeps preying on Oecophylla smargdina, with a kleptoparasitic Phorid fly sharing in the meal. -
Towards a Phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and Its Major Subgroups: Preliminary Results
LECTURES Friday, 11. 6. 01 Towards a phylogeny of the Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha) and its major subgroups: preliminary results Werner E, Holzinger', Ingrid Kammerlander', Thierry Bourgoin^, Kathy L. Chan^ and Bruce C. Campbell^ 'Oekoteam, Inst. f. Faunistik und Tieroekologie, Bergmanngasse 22, A-8010 Graz, Austria ^MNHN-Laboratoire d'Entomologie & ESA 8043 du CNRS, 45, Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France 'USDA-ARS, WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, 94710-1100, CA, USA Cixiidae is one of the larger families within Fulgoromorpha. Cixiids are distributed worldwide, with an especially high diversity in the tropics. Some taxa are of economic importance, as they are vectors of serious plant diseases. Together with Delphacidae, Derbidae, Achihdae, Achilixiidae and - argued by some authors - Tettigometridae, Cixiidae are usually placed in a very basal position within Fulgoromorpha. The delimitation of the family is based mainly on symplesiomorphies, only a few characters are considered to be synapomorphies (see e. g. Bourgoin et al. 1997, Emeljanov 1990, 1997). Using both molecular and morphological methods, we want to provide new data for a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Cixiidae and its major subgroups. Initial results based on 18S ribosomal DNA sequences indicate, that the Cixiidae (sensu lato) might be a paraphyletic taxon, whereas the subfamilies Bothriocerinae and Cixiinae are obviously monophyletic. The two major tribes within Cixiinae, Pentastirini and Cixiini, are also distinct monophyla with many autapomorphic nucleotide sites. This molecular-based inference is supported by certain morphological characters, especially those found in female genitalia. For example, the presence of a heUx-like, strongly wound Ductus receptaculi (see Remane & Asche 1979) appears to be a strong synapomorphy of the Cixiini. -
First Record of Nearctic Issid Planthopper Thionia Simplex (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) from Europe
238 V.M. GNEZDILOV & F. POGGI. FIRST RECORD OF THIONIA SIMPLEX FROM EUROPE Figs 1–3. Thionia simplex (Germar, 1830), male, Italy. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, frontal view. Total length of specimen is 5.2 mm. ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA, 23(2): 238–241 25 DECEMBER 2014 First record of Nearctic issid planthopper Thionia simplex (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) from Europe Первое указание неарктической иссиды Thionia simplex (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Issidae) из Европы V.M. GNEZDILOV* & F. POGGI В.М. ГНЕЗДИЛОВ & Ф. ПОДЖИ V.M. Gnezdilov, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] F. Poggi, Via Madonnina 6, I-23873 Missaglia (LC), Italia. E-mail: [email protected] The Nearctic issid species Thionia simplex (Germar, 1830) is recorded for the first time from Europe. Other alien Auchenorrhyncha species in Europe are listed and discussed. Неарктическая иссида Thionia simplex (Germar, 1830) впервые указана из Европы. Пере- числены и обсуждены другие случаи завозов в Европу цикадовых. Key words: alien species, U.S.A., Europe, Italy, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Issini, planthopper, new record Ключевые слова: инвазивный вид, США, Европа, Италия, Auchenorrhyncha, Fulgoroi- dea, Issidae, Issini, фулгороидные цикадовые, новое указание INTRODUCTION description (including of the male genita- lia) given by Doering (1938). Italy has become the “gateway for New Thionia simplex (Germar, 1830) was de- World planthoppers in Europe” since the scribed from Kentucky in U.S.A. (Germar, last century as several species which are 1830). Currently this species is recorded adventive for Europe were first recorded from 19 states in eastern U.S.A.