The Term Meaning White Blood Cells Is
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Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy
Published OnlineFirst June 19, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0298 ReseaRch aRticle Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy Gregory K. Behbehani1,2,3, Nikolay Samusik1, Zach B. Bjornson1, Wendy J. Fantl1,4, Bruno C. Medeiros2,3, and Garry P. Nolan1 Downloaded from cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org on September 25, 2021. © 2015 American Association for Cancer Research. Published OnlineFirst June 19, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0298 abstRact Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a high relapse rate that has been attributed to the quiescence of leukemia stem cells (LSC), which renders them resistant to chemotherapy. However, this hypothesis is largely supported by indirect evidence and fails to explain the large differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes. To address this, bone mar- row aspirates from 41 AML patients and five healthy donors were analyzed by high-dimensional mass cytometry. All patients displayed immunophenotypic and intracellular signaling abnormalities within CD34+CD38lo populations, and several karyotype- and genotype-specific surface marker patterns were identified. The immunophenotypic stem and early progenitor cell populations from patients with clinically favorable core-binding factor AML demonstrated a 5-fold higher fraction of cells in S-phase compared with other AML samples. Conversely, LSCs in less clinically favorable FLT3-ITD AML exhib- ited dramatic reductions in S-phase fraction. Mass cytometry also allowed direct observation of the in vivo effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: The mechanisms underlying differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes are poorly understood. -
White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: a Mendelian Randomization Study
Journal of Personalized Medicine Article White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study Yitang Sun 1 , Jingqi Zhou 1,2 and Kaixiong Ye 1,3,* 1 Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; [email protected] (Y.S.); [email protected] (J.Z.) 2 School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China 3 Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-706-542-5898; Fax: +1-706-542-3910 Abstract: Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. -
Reference Ranges for Blood Concentrations of Eosinophils And
Journal of Perinatology (2010) 30, 540–545 r 2010 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved. 0743-8346/10 www.nature.com/jp ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reference ranges for blood concentrations of eosinophils and monocytes during the neonatal period defined from over 63 000 records in a multihospital health-care system RD Christensen1,2, J Jensen1,3, A Maheshwari4 and E Henry1,3 1Intermountain Healthcare Women and Newborns Clinical Program, Ogden, UT, USA; 2McKay-Dee Hospital Center, Ogden, UT, USA; 3Institute for Healthcare Delivery Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA and 4Divisions of Neonatology and Pediatric Gastroenterology, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell Biology, and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA Introduction Objective: Blood concentrations of eosinophils and monocytes are part Normal values for hematological parameters are not generally of the complete blood count. Reference ranges for these concentrations during available for neonates because blood is not drawn on healthy the neonatal period, established by very large sample sizes and modern neonates to establish normal ranges. Instead, ‘reference ranges’ are methods, are needed for identifying abnormally low or high values. used in neonatal hematology.1–6 These consist of the 5th to 95th Study Design: We constructed reference ranges for eosinophils per ml percentile values assembled from large numbers of neonates with and monocytes per ml among neonates of 22 to 42 weeks of gestation, minimal pathology or with pathology not thought to be relevant to on the day of birth, and also during 28 days after birth. Data were the laboratory parameter under study. Recent examples of their obtained from archived electronic records over an eight and one-half-year usefulness include the following: Reference ranges for erythrocyte period in a multihospital health-care system. -
Eosinophil Extracellular Traps and Inflammatory Pathologies—Untangling the Web!
REVIEW published: 26 November 2018 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02763 Eosinophil Extracellular Traps and Inflammatory Pathologies—Untangling the Web! Manali Mukherjee 1*, Paige Lacy 2 and Shigeharu Ueki 3 1 Department of Medicine, McMaster University and St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada, 2 Department of Medicine, Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, 3 Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan Eosinophils are an enigmatic white blood cell, whose immune functions are still under intense investigation. Classically, the eosinophil was considered to fulfill a protective role against parasitic infections, primarily large multicellular helminths. Although eosinophils are predominantly associated with parasite infections, evidence of a role for eosinophils in mediating immunity against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections has been recently reported. Among the mechanisms by which eosinophils are proposed to exert their protective effects is the production of DNA-based extracellular traps (ETs). Remarkably, Edited by: DNA serves a role that extends beyond its biochemical function in encoding RNA and Moncef Zouali, protein sequences; it is also a highly effective substance for entrapment of bacteria Institut National de la Santé et de la and other extracellular pathogens, and serves as valuable scaffolding for antimicrobial Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France mediators such as granule proteins from immune cells. Extracellular -
Eosinophil Response Against Classical and Emerging
REVIEWS Eosinophil Response Against Classical and Emerging Respiratory Viruses: COVID-19 Rodrigo-Muñoz JM1,2, Sastre B1,2, Cañas JA1,2, Gil-Martínez M1, Redondo N1, del Pozo V1,2 1Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain 2CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; Vol. 31(2): 94-107 doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0624 Abstract Eosinophils were discovered more than 140 years ago. These polymorphonuclear leukocytes have a very active metabolism and contain numerous intracellular secretory granules that enable multiple effects on both health and disease status. Classically, eosinophils have been considered important immune cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes (eg, parasitic helminth infections) and allergic or pulmonary diseases (eg, asthma) and are always associated with a type 2 immune response. Furthermore, in recent years, eosinophils have been linked to the immune response by conferring host protection against fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which they recognize through several molecules, such as toll-like receptors and the retinoic acid–inducible gene 1–like receptor. The immune protection provided by eosinophils is exerted through multiple mechanisms and properties. Eosinophils contain numerous cytoplasmatic granules that release cationic proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and other molecules, all of which contribute to their functioning. In addition to the competence of eosinophils as effector cells, their capabilities as antigen-presenting cells enable them to act in multiple situations, thus promoting diverse aspects of the immune response. This review summarizes various aspects of eosinophil biology, with emphasis on the mechanisms used and roles played by eosinophils in host defence against viral infections and response to vaccines. -
Eosinophils but Not of Neutrophils Stimulates Effector Functions of Human Interaction with Secretory Component
Interaction with Secretory Component Stimulates Effector Functions of Human Eosinophils But Not of Neutrophils This information is current as Youichi Motegi and Hirohito Kita of September 23, 2021. J Immunol 1998; 161:4340-4346; ; http://www.jimmunol.org/content/161/8/4340 Downloaded from References This article cites 49 articles, 20 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/161/8/4340.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. http://www.jimmunol.org/ • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average by guest on September 23, 2021 Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 1998 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. Interaction with Secretory Component Stimulates Effector Functions of Human Eosinophils But Not of Neutrophils1 Youichi Motegi and Hirohito Kita2 Eosinophils and their products are important in the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation in mucosal tissues. Secretory component bound to IgA mediates transepithelial transport of IgA and confers increased stability on the resultant secretory IgA; however, the effect of secretory component on the biologic activity of IgA is unknown. -
Basophil/Mast Cell Progenitors in the Spleen Marrow and by Increasing
IL-3 Induces Basophil Expansion In Vivo by Directing Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitors to Differentiate into Basophil Lineage-Restricted Progenitors in the Bone This information is current as Marrow and by Increasing the Number of of September 26, 2021. Basophil/Mast Cell Progenitors in the Spleen Keitaro Ohmori, Yuchun Luo, Yi Jia, Jun Nishida, Zhengqi Wang, Kevin D. Bunting, Demin Wang and Hua Huang Downloaded from J Immunol 2009; 182:2835-2841; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802870 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/182/5/2835 http://www.jimmunol.org/ References This article cites 41 articles, 22 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/182/5/2835.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision by guest on September 26, 2021 • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2009 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology IL-3 Induces Basophil Expansion In Vivo by Directing Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitors to Differentiate into Basophil Lineage-Restricted Progenitors in the Bone Marrow and by Increasing the Number of Basophil/Mast Cell Progenitors in the Spleen1 Keitaro Ohmori,2* Yuchun Luo,* Yi Jia,* Jun Nishida,* Zhengqi Wang,† Kevin D. -
Basophils Trigger Emphysema Development in a Murine Model of COPD Through IL-4–Mediated Generation of MMP-12–Producing Macrophages
Basophils trigger emphysema development in a murine model of COPD through IL-4–mediated generation of MMP-12–producing macrophages Sho Shibataa,b, Kensuke Miyakea, Tomoya Tateishib, Soichiro Yoshikawaa, Yoshinori Yamanishia, Yasunari Miyazakib, Naohiko Inaseb, and Hajime Karasuyamaa,1 aDepartment of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; and bDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan Edited by Kazuhiko Yamamoto, the University of Tokyo; Max Planck–The University of Tokyo Center for Integrative Inflammology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Tadatsugu Taniguchi November 2, 2018 (received for review August 13, 2018) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of COPD even after smoking has stopped (9). As an alternative morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has generally been consid- approach, a protease-induced model was established (10) soon ered a non-Th2-type lung disorder, characterized by progressive after the discovery of the association between α1-antitrypsin airflow limitation with inflammation and emphysema, but its deficiency and emphysema in humans (11), implying that an im- cellular and molecular mechanism remains ill defined, compared balance between proteases and antiproteases in the lung may re- with that of asthma characterized by reversible airway obstruc- sult in emphysema formation. Intratracheal or intranasal instillation tion. Here we show a previously unappreciated role for basophils of elastolytic enzymes, such as papain, human neutrophil elastase, at the initiation phase of emphysema formation in an elastase- and porcine pancreatic elastase, is utilized to trigger emphysema induced murine model of COPD in that basophils represent less formation (10, 12, 13). -
Understanding the Immune System: How It Works
Understanding the Immune System How It Works U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Cancer Institute Understanding the Immune System How It Works U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Cancer Institute NIH Publication No. 03-5423 September 2003 www.niaid.nih.gov www.nci.nih.gov Contents 1 Introduction 2 Self and Nonself 3 The Structure of the Immune System 7 Immune Cells and Their Products 19 Mounting an Immune Response 24 Immunity: Natural and Acquired 28 Disorders of the Immune System 34 Immunology and Transplants 36 Immunity and Cancer 39 The Immune System and the Nervous System 40 Frontiers in Immunology 45 Summary 47 Glossary Introduction he immune system is a network of Tcells, tissues*, and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by “foreign” invaders. These are primarily microbes (germs)—tiny, infection-causing Bacteria: organisms such as bacteria, viruses, streptococci parasites, and fungi. Because the human body provides an ideal environment for many microbes, they try to break in. It is the immune system’s job to keep them out or, failing that, to seek out and destroy them. Virus: When the immune system hits the wrong herpes virus target or is crippled, however, it can unleash a torrent of diseases, including allergy, arthritis, or AIDS. The immune system is amazingly complex. It can recognize and remember millions of Parasite: different enemies, and it can produce schistosome secretions and cells to match up with and wipe out each one of them. -
The Role of Eosinophils and Basophils in Allergic Diseases Considering Genetic Findings
The role of eosinophils and basophils in allergic diseases considering genetic findings. Rachel Nadif, Farid Zerimech, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Regis Matran To cite this version: Rachel Nadif, Farid Zerimech, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Regis Matran. The role of eosinophils and ba- sophils in allergic diseases considering genetic findings.. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Im- munology, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2013, 13 (5), pp.507-13. 10.1097/ACI.0b013e328364e9c0. inserm-00880260 HAL Id: inserm-00880260 https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00880260 Submitted on 3 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The role of eosinophils and basophils in allergic diseases considering genetic findings Rachel Nadifa,b, Farid Zerimechc,d, Emmanuelle Bouzigone,f, Regis Matranc,d Affiliations: aInserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, F-94807, Villejuif, France bUniv Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France cCHRU de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France dUniv Lille Nord de France, EA4483, F-59000, Lille, France eUniv Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, F-75007, Paris, France fInserm, UMR-946, F-75010, Paris, France Correspondence to Rachel Nadif, PhD, Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Respiratory and Environmental Epidemiology Team, F-94807, Villejuif, France. -
Eosinophil-To-Monocyte Ratio Is a Potential Predictor of Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients After Intravenous Thrombolysis
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Eosinophil-to-Monocyte Ratio is a Potential Predictor of Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients After Intravenous Thrombolysis Yueping Chen1,* Background: Eosinophil and monocyte have been demonstrated separately to be indepen Junli Ren2,3,* dent predictors of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the association Naiping Yang2,3,* between eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR) and 3-month clinical outcome after treatment Honghao Huang2,3 with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for AIS patients. Simultaneously, we Xueting Hu2,3 made a simple comparison with other prognostic indicators, such as 24h neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and 24h platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to investigate the Fangyue Sun2,3 prognostic value of EMR. Tian Zeng2,3 2,3 Methods and Results: A total of 280 AIS patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were Xinbo Zhou retrospectively recruited for this study. Complete blood count evaluations for EMR were 2,3 Wenjing Pan conducted on 24 hours admission. The poor outcome at 3-month was defined as the modified 2,3 Jingyu Hu Rankin Scale (mRS) of 3–6 and the mRS score for death was 6. The EMR levels in patients 4 Beibei Gao with AIS were lower than those in the healthy controls and showed a negative correlation 2 Shunkai Zhang with the NIHSS score. At the 3-month follow-up, multivariate logistic regression analysis Guangyong Chen 2 indicated an association among EMR, poor outcome and mortality. In addition, EMR had a higher predictive ability than popular biomarkers like NLR and PLR for 3-month mortality. -
How Are White Blood Cells Classified?
How are white blood cells classified? Copyright 2017 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia How are white blood cells classified? Types of White Blood Cells: Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte . The types of white blood cells are shown above. The next page will describe lymphocytes in further detail. A healthy individual has all of these white blood cells types, but within specific ranges. Deviation from these ranges can indicate acute illness or a chronic disease. A mnemonic that is often used to remember the relative amount of each white blood cell that should be present is “Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.” Never Neutrophil Highest amounts Let Lymphocyte Monkeys Monocyte Eat Eosinophil Bananas Basophil Lowest amounts . In other words, neutrophils should always be present in higher amounts compared to the other cell types. This will be described further in “A first step in diagnosing LGL leukemia: The blood smear.” Copyright 2017 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia How are white blood cells classified? Introduction: White blood cells are blood cells that fight infection and disease. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell. They can identify antigens (substances foreign to the body) and cause an immune response. There are three types of lymphocytes: T-cell, NK-cell, and B-cell. In healthy adults, 10-15% of the lymphocytes are large granular lymphocytes (LGLs). To learn more about LGL cells, see “A first step in diagnosing LGL leukemia: The blood smear.” A person is diagnosed with LGL leukemia if there is a clonal (copied) population of T-cells or NK-cells present.