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International Regime For, 13(}-1 AFP (Agence France-Presse), 52, 72, 75 Index Adams, Tom, 147 Bern Treaty, 21-2, Advertising Age, 130 Bertelsmann (publisher), 49 advertising: international regime for, BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated), 13(}-1 51 AFP (Agence France-Presse), 52, 72, Bogsch, Arpad, 32 n.24 75-83 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 66 Allende, Salvador, 108 Boyd-Barrett, Oliver, 74 Alleyne, Mark D., 8 n.17, Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline, 15(}-1 Alliance Fran9aise, 97 British Council, 97, 99, 104-6 American Association of Advertising Brown, Aggrey, 34 n.29 Agencies, 130 Buchan, Alastair, 6 American Federation of Television and Bull, Hedley, 165, 167 Radio Artists, 51 Bush, George, 166-7 American Film Marketing Association, 56 Canada: communication with the American University, The, 9 n.24, United States, 7-8; and ITU, 31 Angell, Norman, 6, 10, 171 Caputo, Dante, 147 AP (Associated Press), 52, 72, 75-83 Caribbean Basin Initiative, 34, 133 AP/Dow Jones, 71 Caribbean News Agency (CANA), 71 ASCAP (American Society of Carr, E. H., 6-7, 171 Composers, Authors, and CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Publishers), 51 Corporation), 8 Association of American Publishers, 56 CBS Records, 48 Attlee, Clement, 42 CCIR (International Radio Australia, 56 Consultative Committee), 28, 139 Austria, 30 CCI1T (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee), Babb,Eugene, 131 28, 139 Babst, Dean V., 46 n.14 Chan, Steve, 46 n.I4 Barbados: media system in, 142-4; Chile, 60, I 08-9 posture to the NWICO, 146-8 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency): Barrow, Nita, 147 support for RFE and RL, 102 Bartholomew, Frank, 80 CNN (Cable News Network), 45, 47, BBC (British Broadcasting 69, 73 Corporation): World Service TV, Cohen, Benjamin, 30 n.l8 47; as cultural diplomacy, 96; Columbia Pictures, 47 history of, 99-1 00; as British Comer, Harry, 7 propaganda, 101; surrogate role of, communication: defined, 2-3; in 109-10 relation to information, 3-4; value of Bee Gees, the, 48 3-4 Belafonte, Harry, 51 Comor, Harry, 7 Belgium, 31 complex interdependence, 25 Beltran S., Luis Ramiro, 14-15 Computer and Business Equipment Benton, William, 46 Manufacturers' Association, 56 177 178 Index Computer Software and Services General Electric, 31 Industry Association, 56 Germany, 55, 100 'coups and earthquakes' syndrome, 67 Ghana, 69, 152 covert action: in Chile, 108-9 Ghandi, Indira, 14, 145 Cowhey, Peter F., 25 Giffard, C. Anthony, 122 Cox, Robert W., 22, 23 Gilpin, Robert, 45 n.12 cultural imperialism, 12, 57-62 glasnost, 79 cultural relations: 96-117; defined, 97 Goethe Institute, 104-6 cultural rights, 54, 55, 57, 131, 141 Gramsci, Antonio, 58 Czechoslovakia, 31 Grenada, I 09, 149 Group of 77, 24 de Senarclens, Pierre, 41 n.l GSO (Geo-stationary Orbit), 125-7 Dentsu, 48 Guback, Thomas, 46 n.l5 dependency: in Latin America, 15 Deutsch, Karl, 3 n.2, Hachette (publisher), 49 Deutsche Press Agentur, 72 Hachten, William, Ill Deutsche Welle, 96 Hall, Stuart, 59 Disney, 47 Hamelink, Cees, 9-1 0 Doran, Janis, 25 n.l4 hegemony, 58-9 Doyle, Michael W., 46 n.l4 Hsin Hua, 72 Hune, Shirley, 58 economic rights, 54, 55, 57, 131, 141 Egypt, 141 IFJ (International Federation of European Advertising Agency Journalists), 13, 85 Association, 130 IFRB (International Frequency Registration Board), 28 FAO (Food and Agriculture IMF (International Monetary Fund), 59 Organization of the United Nations), Independent, The, 82 8 India: media system in, 144-6; posture feature films: international market, 47 to the NWICO, 146-8 FIEJ (International Federation of information: defined, 3; in relation to Newspaper Publishers), 13 communication, 3-4; value of, 3-4 Finkelstein, Lawrence S., 122 intellectual property rights: reasons for Fletcher Luther, Sara, 8 inclusion in GATT, 140-1 foreign policy: theory, 148-52 INTELSAT (International France,32,47,55,98,99 Telecommunications Satellite Free Flow doctrine, 40-2, 43 Organization): and the international Freedom House, 90, 151 telecommunications regime, 25 freedom of information, 41 Inter-American Association of functionalism: defined, 22; 133-4 Broadcasters, 90 Inter-American Press Association Gadbaw, Michael R., 140 (IAPA), 86, 108 Gallick, David, 8 International Advertising Association, Galtung, Juhan, 12 n.33, 57-8 55, 130 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs international communication: history and Trade), 34, 43, 54, 57, 132, 140 of research into, 8-9; defined, 21 Gazette (quarterly of Institute of the International Federation of Producers Science of the 'Press, Amsterdam), of Phonograms and Videograms 12-13 (IFPI), 55 Index 179 International Intellectual Property Kunczik, Michael, 111-12 Alliance, 56-7 international relations: inattention to Lannes Smith, Bruce, 8 cultural relations, 97 n.4 Latin America: dependency of, 15 IOJ (International Organization of Le Monde, 66,83 Journalists), 122, 146 Lockheed, 31 IPDC (International Programme for the Losev, Sergei, 73 Development of Communication), 121 MacBride Report, 13, 48, 73, 91 n.52, IPI (International Press Institute), 13, 121, 130, 146 14, 86, 90, 146, 151 Maitland Report, 13 Iran, 60 Makeba, Miriam, 48 Irani, Cushrow, 14, 146, 151 Malaysia, 56, 141 ISBN (International Standard Book Maim, Krister, 34 n.28, 132 Number), 51-2 Manley, Michael, 11-12, 14 ISO (International Organization for Marley, Bob, 48 Standardization), 51 massification, 50 ISSN (International Standard Serial Matsushita, 48 Number), 51-2 Mattelart, Armand, 9, 57, 171 Italy, 31 Matthews, Leonard, 130 IT AR (Information Telegraph Agency Maxwell, Robert, 49 of Russia): 52, 72; ITAR- TASS McLuhan, Marshall, 7 succeeds TASS, 73; 75-83 MGM,47 ITU (International Mill, J. S., 43, 44 Telecommunications Union): Milton, John, 43-4 history, 21; and the international MIT (Massachusetts Institute of telecommunications regime, 25-30 Technology), 9 Mitchell, J.M., 96-7 Jacobson, Harold K., 22, 23, 31 Mitrany, David, 23 Jamaica, 133, 141 Motion Picture Producers Association Japan, 31, 32, 146 of America, 53, 56 Japan Foundation, 104-6 Mowlana, Hamid, 3 Joll, James, 166 Joseph, Stephen, 131 NAM (Non-Aligned Movement), 14, Journal of Communication, 13 58, 71, 90, 121, 147 journalists: protection of, 85-6; National Music Publishers' statistics on murder and Association, 56 imprisonment of, 66 n.2; CIA use of, neo-colonialism, 11 108 New York Times, The, 66 justice: distributive, 167 News Corporation, 49 news: power of, 66-7; definition of, Kaemba, L. F., Ill 67-9; strategic value of, 84 Kang, Joon-Mann, 141 NIEO (New International Economic Keohane, Robert, 25, 59, 134, 138 Order), 118, 119 Kihl, Young Whan, 23-4 Nkrumah, K warne, II, 12, 14, 57 Kinn, Robert A., 24 Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool Kleinwachter, Wolfgang, 14 n.38 (NANAP), 71, 121 Korany, Bahgat, 149 Nordenstreng, Kaarle, 9-10, 14, 88, Krasner, Stephen D., 4 n.5, 25, 134, 135 122, 141, 171 180 Index NWICO (New World Information and regimes: and the structure of Communication Order): scholarly international power, 16; defined, 25; support for, 9; as a challenge to the compared to international international status quo, 16-17, 84; organizations, 25; causal variables contradictions in, 17; and in, 30 n.l8; theoretical shortcomings functionalism, 24; cultural of, 134-41 imperialism and, 57; defined, Renaud,Jean-Luc,81 119-23; attempt to create Reston, James, 12 international regimes through, Reuters, 71, 72, 75-83, 90 133-41; significance of domestic RFE (Radio Free Europe): CIA media systems to, 142; postures of support for, 102; surrogate role of, Barbados and India to, 146-8 109-10 Nye,Joseph,4-5,25,61, 134,138 Richards, Timothy J., 140 RL (Radio Liberty): CIA support for, Pan-African News Agencies (PANA), 102; surrogate role of, 109-10 71 Roach, Colleen, 122 Paramount, 47 Rodgers, Everett M., 9 Paris Treaty, 21-2, 24 Rosenau, James, 149 perestroika, 79 Rothstein, Robert, 137 Poland, 102 Rummel, Rudolph J., 46 n.l4 politicization: defined, 122 n.l6 Russia, 32, 100 Polygram, 48, 55 power of communication: defined, Saatchi & Saatchi, 48, 111-12 15-16; cultural industries and, 62; Salwen, Michael, 61 news and, 91; international cultural satellites: value of, 125-6 relations and, 106-12; information Sauvant, Karl, 89, 122 and, 164 Schiller, Herbert 1.: approach to power of information: defined, 15-16; international communication, 9-1 0; cultural industries and, 62; news support of South, 14; on Free Flow and, 91; international cultural doctrine, 46, 171; materialist relations and, 106-7 analysis, 57; approach to NWICO, power: defined, 4 122 Preston, William, 85 Screen Actors' Guild, 51 propaganda: origins of, 7, 97-8; Scripps, E. W., 77 international law against, 85; Singapore, 31 definition of, 97 n.6; British, 99-101; Singham, A. W., 58-60, 122 American, 102; euphemisms for, Somalia, 66 103; tactical, 107; strategic, 107 Souki Oliveira, Omar, 48 n.23 PRS (Performing Rights Society), 51 South Korea, 133 public diplomacy, 16 Soviet Union, 45, 102 public relations firms: use by Speier, Hans, 107 governments, 111-12 Sri Lanka, 141 stimulus/response, 9 Radio Moscow, 96 Strange, Susan, 4 n.8, 134, 136 Ramnarine, Deoraj, 29 n ..l6 structure/superstructure, 60 RAND Corporation, 31 Susser, Bernard, 168 RCA,48 Recording Industry Association of TASS (Telegraph Agency of the Soviet America, 56 Union) Red Cross, 53 Thorn-EM!, 48 Index 181 Time-Warner, 49 Venezuela, 56, 141 Times The, 90 Voice of America (VOA), 96, 101-2, Trinidad and Tobago, 66 109-10 Tunisia, 141 Tunstall, 46 n.l5 Wall as, Graham, 6, 10, 171 Twentieth Century-Fox, 47 Wallis, Roger, 34 n.28, 132 W ARC (World Administrative Radio UN General Assembly: Committee on Conference), 126 Information, 13; scholarly
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