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Marine Important Bird Areas of the Russian Far East

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Marine Important Bird Areas of the Russian Far East Russian Society for Conservation and Studies of Birds Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS BirdLife International КФ ТИГ KB PGI ДВО РАН FEB RAS Межрегиональная общественная организация «Русское общество сохранения и изучения птиц имени М.А. Мензбира» Камчатский филиал ФГБУН Тихоокеанского института географии ДВО РАН Международный совет по охране птиц MARINE ImPORTANT BIRD AREAS OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST Морские ключевые орнитологические территории Дальнего востока россии Moscow 2016 УДК 598.2 ББК 28.088 М79 Marine Important Bird Areas of the Russian Far East / ed. by Yu.B. Artukhin. – Moscow: BirdsRussia, 2016. – 136 p. The book is a catalogue of water areas of the Far-Eastern region of the Russian Federation of international importance for conservation of seabird populations. Description of 40 territories (map-scheme with the indication of boundaries and areas, physics-geographical characteristics, ornithological importance, key species status, practical use, existing threatening factors, required and accepted conservation measures) is given. The text is illustrated with photographs of the main habitats of seabirds. The edition is destined for the specialists in environment conservation, marine biologists, nature admirers. Maps 41. Refs. 217 titles. Key words: seabirds, bird conservation, Important Bird Areas, Russian Far East Морские ключевые орнитологические территории Дальнего Востока России / под ред. Ю.Б. Артюхина. – М.: РОСИП, 2016. – 136 с. Книга представляет собой каталог природных акваторий Дальневосточного региона Российской Федерации, имеющих международное значение для сохранения популяций морских птиц. Приво- дится описание 40 территорий (картосхема с указанием границ и площади, физико-географическая характеристика, орнитологическая значимость, состояние ключевых видов, хозяйственное исполь- зование, существующие факторы угрозы, принятые и необходимые меры охраны). Текст иллюстри- рован фотографиями основных местообитаний морских птиц. Издание предназначено для специалистов в области охраны окружающей среды, морских биологов, любителей природы. Карт 41. Библиогр. 217 назв. Ключевые слова: морские птицы, охрана птиц, ключевые орнитологические территории, Дальний Восток России Responsible Editor: Yu.B. Artukhin Authors of text: Yu.B. Artukhin, A.V. Andreev, Yu.N. Gerasimov, N.B. Konyukhov, P.S. Vyatkin, I.M. Tiunov, Yu.V. Shibaev, A.V. Kondratyev, E.G. Lobkov, V.V. Pronkevich, V.B. Zykov, F.V. Kazanskiy, Z.V. Revyakina, E.E. Syroechkovskiy, A.M. Trukhin, N.N. Yakushev, V.E. Kirichenko Map-schemes: V.E. Kirichenko Translation from Russian into English: J.E. Shergalin and D.J. Shergalina Editor of English text: N.I. Ormiston Reviwers: Dr habil. in Biology V.A. Ostapenko, Dr habil. in Biology E.V. Rogacheva, Dr habil. in Biology A.M. Tokranov Computer design and layout: L.V. Ezerova Color separation: A.M. Nechayev Ответственный редактор: Ю.Б. Артюхин Авторы текста: Ю.Б. Артюхин, А.В. Андреев, Ю.Н. Герасимов, Н.Б. Конюхов, П.С. Вяткин, И.М. Тиунов, Ю.В. Шибаев, А.В. Кондратьев, Е.Г. Лобков, В.В. Пронкевич, В.Б. Зыков, Ф.В. Казанский, З.В. Ревякина, Е.Е. Сыроечковский, А.М. Трухин, Н.Н. Якушев, В.Е. Кириченко Картосхемы: В.Е. Кириченко Перевод на английский язык: Е.Э. Шергалин и Д.Е. Шергалина Редактор английского текста: Н.И. Ормистон Рецензенты: д-р биол. наук В.А. Остапенко, д-р биол. наук Э.В. Рогачева, д-р биол. наук А.М. Токранов Компьютерная верстка и дизайн, оформление: Л.В. Езерова Цветоделение: А.М. Нечаев The book is published according to decision of the Science Council of Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Georgaphical Institute of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Издано по решению Ученого совета Камчатского филиала ФГБУН Тихоокеанского института географии ДВО РАН. ISBN 978-5-9907592-4-4 © Authors, text, map-schemes, photographs © Авторы, текст, картосхемы, фотографии PREFACE Birds are an important component of the planet’s biodiversity and are experiencing quite a significant impact from human activity. At the same time, studies over the past decades have demonstrated that one of the most effective means of animal conservation is the protection of their habitats. The search for priority areas in bird protection has led to the establishment of the Important Bird Areas (IBA), developed in the 1980s by BirdLife International. The crux of the matter lies in establishing a protected network of environmental areas which are of greatest significance for birds as sites for breeding, moulting, overwintering and halting on migrations. The IBAs in the Far East of the Russian Federation were delineated within the framework of a project in the Asian region (BirdLife International, 2004). In 2010, according to an initiative of the Russian Society for Conservation and Studies of Birds (BirdsRussia), Russian ornithologists joined the next phase of this global project, devoted to the discovery and description of water areas which are important to the life of seabirds. This is vital: among 346 seabird species of the world ornithofauna, almost half (43 %) are currently under threat of extinction (Croxall et al., 2012). The importance of seabirds for humans is quite diverse. Seabirds form an important component of marine ecosystems, and actively contribute towards their stability. In the past, seabirds have served as a significant source of food, and also of material for cloth production. Moreover, fishermen have historically used seabirds in the search for concentrations of pelagic fishes, whose shoals attract numerous flocks of birds when at the water surface, owing to their visibility from a great distance. Nowadays birds have been replaced by echo sounders, but their importance is not lost as an indication of hydrobionts: seabirds serve as reliable indicators of the status of coastal ecosystems. Public interest in seeing and understanding seabirds increases annually. The seas of the Russian Far East, which possess a high level of biological productivity, create favourable conditions for giant communities of seabirds. There are more than 700 large colonial settlements with a total number of about 30,000,000 specimens; the mass migrations and nomadic movements of not only the species breeding in the region, but also of the millions of birds from other regions of the World Ocean, also take place here. The high taxonomic diversity and number of seabird colonies determine the global ornithological value and need for nature conservation within the Far- Eastern seas of Russia. The present book is the result of an inventory of the natural water areas of the Far-Eastern seas of international importance for the conservation of seabird populations. Its preparation was carried out within the framework of the project, “Identification of Marine Important Bird Areas in Far East Russia and Its Application in Conservation”, thanks to a collaboration between the Russian Society for Conservation and Studies of Birds and the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and BirdLife International. The Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Environment Fund (Tokyo, Japan) has made a financial contribution towards this edition. The authors are grateful to all these organisations, and the numerous colleagues, assistants and photographers, who helped during the studies and assisted in the preparation of this edition in the name of the preservation of the Far-Eastern birds as a part of our native and world heritage. V.M. Galushin, Dr habil. in Biology, Professor, President of the Russian Society for Conservation and Studies of Birds 3 Introduction This catalogue contains the results of an inventory of marine Important Bird Areas (IBA) of global importance conducted between 2012-2015 in the Russian Far East. The works were carried out under the framework of a BirdLife International programme, whose aim is to organise the network of World Ocean areas that are of primary importance to the conservation of seabirds. The decision to include the Russian Federation in this global programme was taken during the “1st Asian Marine IBA Workshop” (Tokyo, 14-16 April 2010), where Russia was represented by the Russian Society for Conservation and Studies of Birds (BirdsRussia) and the Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Far-Eastern IBAs were identified and detailed by a group of experts, formed at the “Marine Important Bird Areas of the Far East of the Russian Federation” meeting (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy, 20-22 February 2012). Specialists from different areas of scientific research, in addition to the country’s education and nature conservation organisations comprised this group (the contact information of authors is shown on page 132). The catalogue covers an area of 379,928,240 ha within the limits of Russian waters of the Chukchi Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan and north-western area of the Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of the considered territories as environments for seabirds have already been published in Russian and English in detail (Shuntov, 1998, 2000) and therefore are not repeated in the present edition. The materials in the book are presented in three sections. First, a brief description of the methodology for identifying the Far- Eastern IBAs is provided. Secondly, the results of the inventory conducted in the region are summarised. The third section consists of sketches dedicated to the designated important bird water areas. During the entire process of preparing the catalogue, colleagues at BirdLife International – Ben Lascelles and Mayumi Sato – offered comprehensive assistance. Melanie Smith of Audubon Alaska provided cartographical materials on the Alaskan marine IBAs. Our colleagues M.A. Antipin, A.Yu. Blokhin, A.G. Dondua and V.G. Vysotskiy shared with the authors and compilers the unpublished results of studies conducted during the description of the water areas. The book is illustrated with photographs, taken mainly by members of authors’ team. A series of missing shots was provided by M.A. Antipin, A.M. Burdin, S.M. Dolganov, A.G. Dondua, N.N. Gerasimov, T. Fukuda, D.N. Kochetkov, A.A. Kochnev, F.A. Martusov, A.V. Maslov, T.A.
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