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Development of Sustainable Fisheries Management and Monitoring for Sensitive Soft-Bottom Habitats and Species in the Kattegat

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Development of Sustainable Fisheries Management and Monitoring for Sensitive Soft-Bottom Habitats and Species in the Kattegat S DTU Aqua National Institute of Aquatic Resources Development of sustainable fisheries management and monitoring for sensitive soft-bottom habitats and species in the Kattegat By Grete E. Dinesen, Ciaran McLaverty, Ole S. Tendal, Ole R. Eigaard, Eva Maria Petersen and Henrik Gislason DTU Aqua Report no. 372-2020 Development of sustainable fisheries management and monitoring for sensitive soft- bottom habitats and species in the Kattegat DTU Aqua Report no. 372-2020 By Grete E. Dinesen1, Ciaran McLaverty1, Ole S. Tendal2, Ole R. Eigaard1, Eva Maria Pedersen1 and Henrik Gislason1 1 Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua) 2 University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark (SNM) Colophon Title: Development of sustainable fisheries management and monitoring for sensitive soft-bottom habitats and species in the Kattegat Authors: Grete E. Dinesen1, Ciaran McLaverty1, Ole S. Tendal2, Ole R. Eigaard1, Eva Maria Pedersen1 and Henrik Gislason1 1 Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua) 2 University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark (SNM). Deceased 7th April 2020. DTU Aqua Report no.: 372-2020 Year: The scientific work was completed in June 2020 and the report was published in July 2020. Reference: Dinesen, G.E., McLaverty, C., Tendal, O.S., Eigaard, O.R., Pedersen, E.M. and Gislason, H. (2020). Development of sustainable fisheries management and monitoring for sensitive soft-bottom habitats and species in the Kattegat. DTU Aqua Report no. 372-2020. National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark. 85 pp. + appendices Cover: UWTV sledge recordings of sea pens from the Northern Kattegat. Several adult Pennatula phosphorea with a single Virgularia mirabilis colony to the left. Image from an UWTV sledge transect (start position: 57° 22.886N, 11° 26.073E). Distance between laser lines at the bottom of the image is 80cm. Published by: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. Download: www.aqua.dtu.dk/publikationer ISSN: 1395-8216 ISBN: 978-87-7481-293-7 DTU Aqua Reports contain results from research projects, reviews of specific topics, expositions for authorities etc. Unless stated in the colophon, the reports are not peer reviewed, which means that the content has not been reviewed by researchers outside the project group. This work was funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) and the Danish Fisheries Agency via the project 'Udvikling af bæredygtig forvaltning af følsomme habitater og arter i Kattegat' (Grant agreement number 33113-B-16-024) and DTU Aqua. Preface The overall aim of the project was to improve the knowledge base for development of fisheries management and measures for protection of sensitive habitats and species in relation to the bottom trawling of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) and mixed fish species in the Kattegat. This project focused on sensitive benthic faunal habitats and species included in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), Natura 2000 and the OSPAR list of threatened and/or declining species, especially sea pens (Pennatula phosphorea and Virgularia mirabilis), sponges (Porifera), northern horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus), ocean quahog (Arctica islandica) and the tubiculous crustaceans of the Haploops genus. In this project, we investigated selected areas of the Kattegat based on the local knowledge of fishers and the findings contained in studies undertaken by the scientific community. The projects aimed to: i), locate potential areas with sensitive habitats and species; ii), mapping of the spatial distribution of bottom trawling intensity; iii), comparatively investigate the occurrence, density and biodiversity of sensitive habitats and species in un-trawled areas and across a gradient of fishing intensity using four different sampling methods; iv), test the effectiveness of two non-invasive survey gears (UWTV, BRUV) for use in future monitoring of sensitive habitats and species; v), develop biodiversity indicators for the monitoring of sessile and mobile fauna and the effects of new management measures, such as areas of seabed closures, under different environmental conditions and vi), disseminate the project results to the wider public by a virtual table, and to the scientific community via publications, and to prove advice for development of management measures related to areal closures of fishery to protect sensitive habitats and species. With regard to iii) above, this comparative study was undertaken using side scan sonar and a light video sledge operating from a fishing vessel, and to conduct a research survey using a quantitative video sledge (UWTV), baited stereo-cameras (BRUV), the KASU survey trawl (TV3) and a quantitative sediment sampler (Van Veen 0.1m2) operated from the R/V Havfisken. The expected outcome of the project was thus to provide new: i), knowledge of potential areas in the Kattegat with sensitive habitats which may need protection; ii), biological insights into the correlations between benthic habitats, bottom trawling and the distribution of sensitive habitats and iii), knowledge of the function of sensitive habitats with regards to the ecological status of biodiversity and the ecosystem. The project results thus improve the scientific knowledge base for advice related to the implementation of the MSFD and Natura 2000 protection of sensitive habitats and species and further development of sustainable, ecosystem based fisheries management. The final draft version of the project report was submitted in March 2019. The final report presented herein benefited from further data analyses and new information on macrofaunal indicators of fisheries impacts on seabed habitats, which are presented as an addition to Chapter 6 together with the two resulting international peer-reviewed papers. DTU Aqua, June 2020 Grete E. Dinesen Development of sustainable fisheries management and monitoring for sensitive soft-bottom habitats and species in the Kattegat 3 Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................ 3 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 7 2. Sensitive habitats and species in the Kattegat .............................................................. 12 2.1 Sea pens and burrowing megafauna .........................................................................................12 2.2 Sponges (Porifera) .................................................................................................................... 16 2.3 Northern horse mussel .............................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Ocean Quahog .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.5 Tube-building Haploops ............................................................................................................. 19 3. Mapping of areas closed to fishery with bottom towed gears ....................................... 21 3.1 Areas closed to fishery with bottom contacting gears ................................................................ 21 3.2 Acoustic and visual mapping of fishers appointed de facto closed areas .................................. 22 4. Quantification of bottom trawling intensity ..................................................................... 29 4.1 Data and modelling methods of fishing pressure (fishing intensity) ........................................... 29 4.2 Application in the project............................................................................................................ 31 5. Sampling and analysing the species composition ......................................................... 32 5.1 Sampling devices and procedures for fish and megabenthos ................................................... 32 5.2 Relative efficiency of each sampling method ............................................................................. 40 5.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 43 6. Suitability of benthic macrofaunal indicators in fishery impact assessments ................ 47 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 47 6.2 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................. 48 6.3 Results....................................................................................................................................... 52 6.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 65 7. Interactive Ocean Floor Model ...................................................................................... 71 8. Stakeholder engagements ............................................................................................ 72 9. Conclusions relevant for sustainable management of fisheries effects ........................ 73 Acknowledgements
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