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Bernt Øyvind Thorvaldsen MYTANE OM HEIMDALLR I Bernt Øyvind Thorvaldsen MYTANE OM HEIMDALLR I LYS AV FØRESTELLINGAR OM SLEKTSKAP Hovudfagsavhandling · Nordisk institutt Det historisk-filosofiske fakultetet Universitetet i Bergen · 2002 BerntBernt ØyvindØyvind TThorvaldsenhorvaldsen MYTANEMYTANE OMOM HEIMDALLRHEIMDALLR I LYS AV FØRESTELLINGARFØRESTELLINGAR OM SLEKTSKAPSLEKTSKAP HovudfagsavhandlingHovudfagsavhandling NordiskNordisk institutt DetDet historisk-filosofiskehistorisk-filosofiske fakultetetfakultetet Universitetet i Bergen 2002 INNHALD FØREORD .............................................................................................................................................. III FORKORTINGAR.................................................................................................................................... IV 1.0 INNLEIING ..........................................................................................................................................1 Del I: Tekstene, mytane og forskinga.........................................................................3 2.0 TEORETISK TILNÆRMING..................................................................................................................4 2.1 Den mytologiske teksta........................................................................................................5 2.1.1 Tekstrepertoar............................................................................................................................7 2.1.2 Tekststrategiar............................................................................................................................9 2.2 Mytologien og dei analytiske grepa..................................................................................10 2.2.1 Æser og jotnar i kosmogonien..................................................................................................11 2.2.2 ‘Heltetypemodellen’ .................................................................................................................12 2.2.3 Den sakrale kongen og ‘herskarmodellen’...............................................................................13 3.0 KJELDENE ........................................................................................................................................16 3.1 Eddadikta...........................................................................................................................17 3.1.1 VÄluspá ....................................................................................................................................18 3.1.2 Lokasenna ................................................................................................................................21 3.1.3 Þrymskviða...............................................................................................................................22 3.1.4 Grímnismál...............................................................................................................................24 3.1.5 Skírnismál.................................................................................................................................24 3.1.6 Rígsþula ...................................................................................................................................25 3.1.7 Hyndluljóð og Heimdallargaldr...............................................................................................26 3.2 Skaldediktinga ...................................................................................................................28 3.2.1 Húsdrápa..................................................................................................................................29 3.2.2 To halvstrofer...........................................................................................................................31 3.3 Snorra Edda.......................................................................................................................31 3.3.1 Gylfaginning.............................................................................................................................33 3.3.2 Skáldskaparmál........................................................................................................................35 3.3.3 To strofer frå tulene..................................................................................................................37 3.4 Ynglinga saga og SÄgubrot ...............................................................................................38 3.5 Namna som kjelde .............................................................................................................38 3.6 Perifere kjelder..................................................................................................................41 4.0 OVERSYN OVER FORSKINGA ............................................................................................................43 4.1 Frå solgud til verdsherskar...............................................................................................43 4.2 Fiendskapen mellom Loki og Heimdallr .........................................................................47 Del II: Analyse............................................................................................................50 5.0 SON AV NI JOTUNSYSTRER ...............................................................................................................51 5.1 Fødselen..............................................................................................................................51 5.2 Ni mødrer og ein fråverande far ......................................................................................53 I 5.3 Dei tre substansane: Hyndluljóð 38 .................................................................................57 6.0 STAMFARMYTEN ..............................................................................................................................60 6.1 Myten og tekstene..............................................................................................................60 6.2 Stamfarmyten i Rígsþula ..................................................................................................62 6.2.1 Jarl og samfunnet.....................................................................................................................63 6.2.2 Konr ungr.................................................................................................................................66 6.2.3 Teksta og dei sosiale tilhøva.....................................................................................................67 7.0 GUDEVAKTAREN ..............................................................................................................................70 7.1 Bustaden HiminbjÄrgr.......................................................................................................70 7.2 Gjallarhorn og VÄluspá 46 ...............................................................................................72 7.3 Sanseeigenskapane og Heimdallar hljóð .........................................................................73 7.4 I periferien av gudeverda: it ljóta líf?..............................................................................75 8.0 FIENDSKAPEN MELLOM HEIMDALLR OG LOKI...............................................................................78 8.1 Hyndluljóð..........................................................................................................................78 8.1.1 Strofene om Heimdallr og Loki ................................................................................................79 8.1.2 Tematikk i Hyndluljóð 29–44 ...................................................................................................83 8.2 Snorra Edda.......................................................................................................................84 8.3 Myten om Brísingamen og Gefjon-strofa i Lokasenna ..................................................85 8.4 Húsdrápa............................................................................................................................87 8.4.1 Húsdrápa 2 som alternativ skapingsmyte.................................................................................87 8.4.2 Den komande verda..................................................................................................................89 8.5 Den andre orden og tidsdimensjonen ..............................................................................90 9.0 VÊREN, SVERDET OG HOVUDET .......................................................................................................92 10.0 KONKLUSJON .................................................................................................................................94 SAMANDRAG ..........................................................................................................................................98 LITTERATUR ........................................................................................................................................100 II FØREORD Eit par år har eg konsentrert meg om den delen av den nordiske kulturarven som interesserer meg mest, dei norrøne tekstene og mytane. Eg byrja så smått på førearbeidet til denne studien då eg studerte nordisk ved Høgskolen i Agder. Sidan har eg, i tillegg til nokre inspirerande månader ved Rheinische
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