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Home , Alexis of Russia, Vietka, Wounded Knee Massacre

NHBB Nationals Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Backup Round 2 Bowl Backup Round 2 First Quarter

(1) Members of this party allegedly received kickbacks from Swedish arms company Bofors AB. Shortly before a planned interview with Peter Ustinov, one leader of this party was assassinated in retaliation for ordering Operation Blue Star; that leader of this party suspended civil liberties during the Emergency. In a 2014 election, this party lost power to Narendra Modi’s BJP. For ten points, name this political party whose members have included Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. ANSWER: Indian National Congress (or INC)

(2) James T. Brady and this man were part of the legal defense team that helped Daniel Sickles get an acquittal for the murder of Philip Barton Key II. This man entered his most famous position after the resignation of Simon Cameron over calls to arm slaves. Upon Lincoln’s death, this man either said that he belongs to the “ages” or “angels.” This politician’s dismissal was found in violation of the Tenure of Office Act. For ten points, name this Secretary of War during the 1860s whose dismissal by Andrew Johnson led to his impeachment. ANSWER: Edwin Stanton

(3) This event was investigated by Alden Smith, which found that it could be attributed to an “act of God.” Benjamin Guggenheim died in this event, to which the Mount Temple reacted immediately, but the Californian ignored the rockets and Morse code signals. Other fatalities of this event included , but not Molly Brown, who later called herself “unsinkable.” For ten points, name this April 1912 disaster in which a White Star liner on her maiden voyage struck an iceberg and sank. ANSWER: the sinking of the RMS Titanic

(4) One portrait of this man depicts him alongside Jesus with the caption “I have chosen him.” This man kept the head of one enemy in his closet, and, on the suspicion that another of his enemies could transform into animals, he ordered all black dogs to be put to death. The Fort Dimanche [dee-mahnsh] massacre was carried out by this man, and Clement Barbot was put to death by this man’s Tonton Macoutes. For ten points, name this “President for Life” of Haiti, whose nickname referred to his background as a physician. ANSWER: Fran¸cois Duvalier (or Papa Doc Duvalier)

(5) The KOSANBA movement at UCSB successfully petitioned the Library of Congress to alter misspellings of this religion. The Kanzo process initiates new members to this religion, which holds that the gros [groh] and ti “bon anges” [bohn ahnj] reside within humans. Veve symbols are used to represent this religion’s gods during rituals. Mambos and Houngans are priests of this religion, which honors the supreme god Bondye. Papa Legba is a major loa of, for ten points, what Haitian religion that is commonly associated with sewing pins and dolls? ANSWER: vodou (or voodoo)

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(6) A portrait of this man depicts him in a blue-green vest with gold buttons, sitting at a polished table with a needle and pair of burins. This artisan honored the “glorious ninety-two” in a bowl commemorating resistance to the Townshend Acts and commissioned by the Sons of Liberty. He was depicted with his left hand holding a not-yet-engraved teapot by portraitist John Singleton Copley. For ten points, name this Boston silversmith and patriot whose midnight ride was the subject of a Longfellow poem. ANSWER: Paul Revere

(7) Fowzi Nejad managed to survive this event when his executor realized he was on live TV. The sound of mice was used to justify the sound of bugging devices on the walls in this event that saw Red and Blue teams rappel through the roof. Trevor Lock tackled the perpetrator of this event, Oan Ali Mohammed. It began when the disgruntled Khuzestani DRFLA took 26 people hostage, and was ended by SAS troops. For ten points, name this 1980 hostage crisis in London that took place in a diplomatic building staffed by the government of Ayatollah Khomeini. ANSWER: Iranian Embassy siege (prompt on partial answers)

(8) In this year, an article was published accusing Lenin of being a German agent, prompting the massacre of Bolsheviks in the July Days. Order No. 1 was issued during this year, which hampered the disastrous Summer Offensive launched by Alexander Kerensky in this year. One event in this year involved mass protests on Women’s Day, and the Provisional Government was created in this year after Grand Duke Michael refused to take his brother’s throne. The February and November Revolutions occurred in, for ten points, what year, in which Nicholas II abdicated and the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union? ANSWER: 1917

(9) An intermezzo in Robert Schumann’s Carnaval depicts this person. He composed his best known work as a court musician for Napoleon’s sister Elisa, and later became one of Pauline Bonaparte’s many lovers. His acquisition of a viola by Stradivarius spurred him to commission Berlioz’s Harold in Italy, and a melody by this musician was the basis of a Rhapsody by Sergei Rachmaninoff. A set of twenty-four caprices were written by, for ten points, what virtuosic Italian violinist? ANSWER: Nicc´olo Paganini

(10) During one event held in one of these locations, a photograph was taken of one major world leader poking another leader in the chest; that location was in Sokolniki Park in . In that 1959 event described by this word, one participant bragged about having color televisions in his country. A group described by this word was scandalized by an affair in which members of this group snubbed the wife of its Secretary of War John Eaton. For ten points, name this word describing Andrew Jackson’s cabinet as well as a debate between Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon. ANSWER: kitchens (accept Kitchen Debate; accept Kitchen Cabinet)

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Second Quarter

(1) A 1967 police mutiny in this country killed 27 British troops, after which the British briefly left the Crater District. 800,000 workers of this country were expelled from Saudi Arabia after this nation refused to back intervention in the Gulf War. 40% of this country’s population adheres to the Zaidi sect of Islam. This country’s northern and southern divisions were unified under Ali Abdullah Saleh. This country has been in civil war since Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi was ousted by Houthi rebels. For ten points, name this country on the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula whose capital is Sana’a. ANSWER: Yemen BONUS: The vast majority of Yemen’s Jewish population was airlifted to Israel in the 1950s under this name. An alternate name for this event references Exodus 19:4 as Operation On Wings of Eagles. ANSWER: Operation Magic Carpet

(2) Due to his religious and political beliefs, this man was passed over for one position twice, first by Guglielmo Libri, then by Joseph Liouville. He names a type of infinite sequence whose terms become arbitrarily close to each other. This Frenchman co-names a statement that the inner product of two vectors must be less or equal to the magnitude of those two vectors, similar to the triangle inequality for side lengths of triangles. For ten points, name this prolific French mathematician who names the aforementioned inequality with Hermann Schwarz. ANSWER: Augustin-Louis Cauchy BONUS: What other prolific French mathematician names fields with only a finite number of elements, but perhaps is more well-known for dying in a duel at age 20? ANSWER: Evariste Galois

(3) The HHS was sunk during this conflict. In the aftermath of this conflict, the House of Wonders replaced the nearly destroyed royal palace. Admiral Harry Rawson supported the troops of Lloyd Matthews during this conflict. This conflict started after the death of Hamad bin Thuwaini which resulted in his sucessor, Khalid bin Barghash, refusing to transfer power to Hamud bin Muhammed. For ten points, name this conflict between Great Britain and an African sultanate that lasted only 38 minutes. ANSWER: Anglo-Zanzibar War (accept names in either order) BONUS: In an attempt to preserve his power, Khalid bin Barghash appealed to Richard Mouhon, a diplomat from this country, to intervene. ANSWER: of America (accept USA)

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(4) One side at this battle had landed at Arzila. This battle took place by the Loukkos river, and Thomas Stukley was killed via cannonball early in this battle. One side was encouraged to fight this battle after successes at Mazagan and Tangier, and Ahmed al-Mansur rose to prominence after this battle. This battle occurred after Abu Abdallah requested aid against the Ottoman-backed Abd al-Malik. It spawned the myth that the slain king Sebastian would one day return to lead his people. For ten points, name this 1578 victory for Morocco over Portugal that ended the Aviz . ANSWER: Battle of Three Kings (or the Battle of Ksar El Kebir or Battle of Oued el Makhazaeen) BONUS: Following the defeat at Alcacerquibir, Portugal was placed under the rule of this Habsburg monarch. The Duke of Alba helped this monarch pacify Portuguese resistance. ANSWER: Philip II

(5) A leader of this sect wrote an autobiography of his exile which is translated as “Life.” A community founded by this sect at was deported after conquered the region. This sect insisted on making the sign of the cross with two fingers rather than three. This sect’s formation is known as , and was born after reforms made by Nikon reverted all the churches literature back to the original Greek. For ten points, name this religious denomination that refused to accept reforms made by the . ANSWER: (accept Old Ritualists; accept starovyery) BONUS: The schism in the Russian Orthodox Church occurred during the reign of what son of Michael Romanov, whose reign also saw the rebellion of and the Swedish invasion of Poland- ? ANSWER: Alexis of (accept Alexis I; accept Aleksey Mikhailovich)

(6) This choreographer included step dances in a work set during the Irish War of Independence, The Informer. “The Accused” is ahistorcally declared guilty in her collaboration with Morton Gould about an axe murderer. This dancer, who depicted Lizzie Borden in Fall River Legend, choreographed the first ballet to include tap dancing and played the Cowgirl in an Aaron Copland ballet that ends with a Hoe-Down. For ten points, name this choreographer of Rodeo. ANSWER: Agnes B. DeMille BONUS: Agnes DeMille’s Rodeo was a sequel to this other Copland ballet, which depicts a “Gun Battle.” ANSWER:

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(7) This man’s response, when the conviction for living on Native American territory for Samuel Worcester was made void, was supposedly “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.” After this man signed the Force Law, the South Carolina state legislature ended the Nullification Crisis, but his refusal to renew the charter of the Second Bank of the United States led to the Panic of 1837. For ten points, name this seventh U.S. president, nicknamed “Old Hickory.” ANSWER: Andrew Jackson BONUS: This president of the Bank of the United States during the 1820s and 1830s was a frequent opponent of Jackson. ANSWER: Nicholas Biddle

(8) This event was a response to the clubbing of Cager Lee and the use of lethal force by James Bonard Fowler. During this event, Jim Clark deputized all white men over the age of 21. Outrage over the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson was channeled into this event, which was followed a month later by “Turnaround Tuesday.” Amelia Boynton suffered greatly from a tear gas attack during this event. For ten points, name this event in which police officers brutally attacked a group, led by Martin Luther King, that was marching from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. ANSWER: Bloody Sunday (accept march from Selma to Montgomery, prompting on partial answers, before “march” is read) BONUS: The Bloody Sunday march from Selma to Montgomery was stopped by Jim Clark’s men on this bridge. ANSWER: Edmund Pettis Bridge

(9) This man commissioned Carlisle Castle to defend his country’s northern border. This monarch seized the land of Edgar Atheling which prompted an invasion of his country by Malcolm III. This man led an army against Robert de Mowbray after the latter refused to attend his court. A stone named for this ruler reads “Here stood the oak tree, on which an arrow shot by Sir Walter Tyrell at a stag, glance and struck this [man].” William the Conqueror was the father of, for ten points, what second Norman King of England? ANSWER: William II (accept William Rufus; accept William the Red; prompt on William; do not accept William II of Normandy) BONUS: William Rufus succeed to the throne over this older brother of his who had lost his father’s favor after attempting to seize a castle at Rouen ANSWER: Robert Curthose (accept Robert II; accept Robert III; prompt on Robert)

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(10) During this event, Harlington Wood, Jr entered a town under armed guard, a move which was credited with thawing relations. Leonard Peltier missed the majority of this event due to being jailed in Milwaukee. This event was in response to Richard Wilson’s use of the Guardians of the Oglala Nation as well as rampant election fraud. In the aftermath of this event, Dennis Banks and Russell Means were acquitted for their actions. For ten points, name this event in which a Native advocacy group seized the site of an 1890 massacre. ANSWER: occupation of Wounded Knee by the , or AIM; do not accept Wounded Knee massacre) BONUS: The American Indian Movement was inspired by this other Native American advocacy group which, in 1969, occupied Alcatraz. ANSWER: Indians of All Tribes

Third Quarter

The categories are . . .

1.

2. CYPRUS

3. GUNS AND ARTILLERY

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BUFFALO BILL From the life of Buffalo Bill, name the... (1) long-reigning Queen of England who attended a performance of his show in 1887. ANSWER: Queen Victoria (2) courier service for which he worked in 1860 on horseback. ANSWER: Pony Express (3) female sharpshooter and subject of a Cole Porter musical who starred in his show. ANSWER: (4) Lakota Chief who also appeared in his shows? ANSWER: (5) friend who was killed playing poker in Deadwood while holding the “Dead Man’s Hand”. ANSWER: William “Wild Bill” Hickok (6) popularized which song as its show opener? ANSWER: The Star Spangled Banner (7) Italian city in whose intact Roman amphitheater he performed in 1889. ANSWER: Verona (8) Indian he legendarily scalped “for Custer” whose name derives from a scalp he had earlier taken. ANSWER: Yellow Hair (or Hay-o-wei)

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CYPRUS In the history of Cyprus, who or what was the... (1) partnership formed by the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht which Cyprus joined in 2004? ANSWER: European Union or EU (2) metal whose ancient mines gave Cyprus its name? ANSWER: copper (3) capital that was split during a 1974 Turkish invasion? ANSWER: Nicosia (4) Cypriot sculptor that, according to Ovid’s Metamorphoses, fell in love with his own ivory statue? ANSWER: Pygmalion (5) maritime empire that controlled the colony of Citium on Cyprus? ANSWER: Phoenician empire (6) 5th century BC revolt that Cyprus, along with Greek partner cities, lost to the Achaemenid empire? ANSWER: Ionian Revolt (7) ruler who lost Cyprus to Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade? ANSWER: Isaac Komnenos (prompt on partial answer) (8) meeting following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 that put Cyprus under British control? ANSWER: Congress of Berlin

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GUNS AND ARTILLERY Name the... (1) nation in which gunpowder was invented during its Tang dynasty. ANSWER: China (or Zhongguo) (2) the pro-Second Amendment organization which has been led by Charlton Heston and Wayne LaPierre. ANSWER: National Rifle Association or NRA (3) firearm lacking rifling used extensively in the American Revolution and namesake of 19th century wars in New Zealand. ANSWER: musket (4) the four letter German acronym used to refer to anti-aircraft fire in World War II. ANSWER: FLAK (5) the alliterative nickname for the German howitzer model used to bombard forts in . ANSWER: Big Bertha (6) the Austrian arms manufacturer which gained a majority of the US market for law enforcement handguns. ANSWER: Glock (7) Russian arms designer who developed the standard assault rifle of the Soviet army in 1947. ANSWER: Mikhail Kalashnikov (8) the Hungarian cannon designer who helped the Ottomans capture Contantinople. ANSWER: Orban (accept Urban)

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Fourth Quarter

(1) This man co-sponsored a bill with Emanuel Celler that closed loopholes in the Clayton Antitrust Act. With Oren Harris, he helped reform the FDA after the thalidomide controversy. Lyndon Johnson, Al (+) Gore Sr., and this man were the three Southern senators who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto; Gore joined this man in his state’s delegation to Congress. This enemy of (*) pornography and comic books also headed a committee to investigate Mafia members Joe Adonis and Frank Costello. For ten points, name this man, a 1956 Vice Presidential candidate with Adlai Stevenson, who served two and a half terms as a senator from Tennessee. ANSWER: Estes Kefauver

(2) This man wrote that “the test tube and the microscope are needed rather than ax and rifle” in a paper arguing for the importance of education. William Appleman Williams’ book The Tragedy of American Diplomacy argued that one of this man’s ideas encouraged American imperialism in Asia. The results of the (+) 1890 census caused this man to write his most famous paper, which was presented at the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893 and argued that the (*) abundance of land on the American continent allowed for the development of American democracy. For ten points, name this historian whose essay “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” expounded his “Frontier Thesis.” ANSWER: Frederick Jackson Turner

(3) Walter Joseph Cawthorn helped found this group in 1948, which was then further developed in the 1950’s by Syed Mohammad Ahsan and Ayub Khan. This organization helped apprehend Khalid Sheikh Mohammad in 2003 in (+) Rawalpindi, but members of it were also suspected of harboring a terrorist in Abbottabad. This organization’s founding was prompted by poor communication between the (*) Army, Air Force, and Navy during a 1947 independence conflict against its eastern neighbor. The Taliban has potentially been supported by, for ten points, what controversial Pakistani intelligence agency? ANSWER: Inter-Services Intelligence (or ISI)

(4) Since the victims of this event gave the perpetrators of this event lodging and food for ten days before this event took place, this event was considered to be a particularly heinous crime known as “murder under trust.” Robert Duncanson ordered Robert Campbell to ensure that “the (+) old fox and his cubs do upon no account escape” while carrying out this event. John Dalrymple, Master of Stair, planned this event, which occurred because Alasdair MacIain failed to swear an oath of allegiance by a January 1st deadline to King (*) William III. For ten points, name this 1692 massacre of 38 members of the MacDonald clan in the Scottish Highlands. ANSWER: Glencoe Massacre

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(5) Rick Sylvester performed a BASE jump off of this island’s Mount Asgard at the beginning of The Spy Who Loved Me. This island, bounded on the west by the Fury and Hecla Strait, is home to a railroad project that may threaten the longest known line of ancient stone (+) inuksuit. Its largest city is home to a cathedral featuring a cross made of narwhal tusks and had its name changed from Frobisher Bay 12 years before becoming a territorial capital. (*) Davis Strait and its namesake bay separate it from Greenland. Iqaluit [ee-kah-loo-eet] is a city on, for ten points, what island, the world’s fifth largest and the largest in Canada? ANSWER: Baffin Island

(6) The intended target of this event accused George Poindexter of helping mastermind it, though the only connection Poindexter had to this event was having his house painted by its perpetrator. This event occurred immediately after its target left the funeral of (+) South Carolina representative Warren Davis. Francis Scott Key served as the prosecuting lawyer in the trial of the perpetrator of this event, who was eventually acquitted due to his (*) insanity. Richard Lawrence was beaten savagely with a cane by his target after both of his pistols misfired during, for ten points, what first attempt to kill a President of the United States, which failed to kill off “Old Hickory?” ANSWER: attempted (or unsuccessful) assassination of Andrew Jackson (do not accept or prompt on assassination of Andrew Jackson)

(7) The passage of this law was hastened by a migration to the south caused by a devastating 1877-78 drought known as the Grande Seca. Joaquim Nabuco was one of the leading proponents for this law. The power of fazendas (+) declined as a result of this law, leading to increased support among the oligarchs for a coup that put Deodoro da Fonseca in power. This legislation was preceded by the Law of Sexagenarians and the Law of the (*) Free Womb. It was signed into law by Princess Isabel, who was ruling as regent in place for her father, Pedro II. For ten points, name this 1888 law that banned slavery in Brazil. ANSWER: Golden Law (or Lei Aurea; prompt on “Brazil’s anti-slavery law” before “slavery” is read)

(8) One of these two countries was led by Adnan Menderes, who ordered a pogrom of citizens from the other. The Chanak Crisis occurred when one of these two countries refused to withdraw troops from territory of the other. The city of (+) Smyrna was burned during a period between these two countries known as the Transfer of the Populations.these two countries later engaged in Earthquake Diplomacy. One of these two countries sided with the terrorist group EOKA, while the other launched Operation Atilla after Archbishop (*) Makarios was deposed. The concept of Enossis is at the forefront of one conflict between these two countries. For ten points, name these two countries who contest Cyprus. ANSWER: Turkey and Greece

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(9) The “character” of this continent is “difficult to comprehend” according to The Philosophy of History, which argues this region’s “Unhistorical, Undeveloped Spirit” was merely “on the (+) threshold of the World’s history.” Placide Tempels, a missionary to this continent, tried to describe this continent’s philosophical movement in (*) Bantu Philosophy. For ten points, name this continent that was called “no historical part of the World” by Hegel, who instead explained that Carthaginian history belonged to Asia. ANSWER: Africa

(10) One of these title people suspects his elder brother and neighbors wish to see men hang themselves so “they can enjoy their heart’s desire without being blamed for murder.” At the end of a short story about one of these people, the question “Perhaps there are still children who have not (+) eaten men?” is posed by one of these people, who begs the reader to “Save the children...” One of these people named (*) Poprishchin believes he has been captured by the Inquisition after he imagines that he is Ferdinand VIII, king of Spain. For ten points, name these people who, in Lu Xun and Nikolai Gogol short stories, write increasingly paranoid diary entries that document their descent into insanity. ANSWER: madmen (accept “A Madman’s Diary”; accept “Diary of a Madman”)

Extra Question

Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker! (1) This man rose to his highest post after impressing the queen by staking all his money at the gambling table and winning. In order to check the power of Austria, this man formed the League of the (+) Rhine, and he helped end one conflict with Spain in the Peace of the Pyrenees. This man, who advised Anne of Austria in his early years, helped negotiate the Peace of Westphalia and managed to secure (*) Alsace for his country. Children’s slings were used in a revolt against this man known as the Fronde. For ten points, name this French cardinal and advisor of Louis XIV. ANSWER: Cardinal Mazarin BONUS: The Maori perform what type of warlike dance, as done by the New Zealand rugby team in honor of Jonah Lomu at his funeral? ANSWER: haka

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