The Memory of Multicultural Tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Thought of Vilnius Krajowcy
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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS INGA LEONAVIČIŪT ŠV. BRUNONAS KVERFURTIETIS IR 1009 M. MISIJA: ŠALTINOTYRINIS ASPEKTAS Daktaro Disert
VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS INGA LEONAVI ČIŪTĖ ŠV. BRUNONAS KVERFURTIETIS IR 1009 M. MISIJA: ŠALTINOTYRINIS ASPEKTAS Daktaro disertacija Humanitariniai mokslai, istorija (05 H) Vilnius, 2014 Disertacija rengta 2001–2014 metais Vilniaus universitete Mokslinis vadovas: prof. habil. dr. Edvardas Gudavi čius (Vilniaus universitetas, humanitariniai mokslai, istorija – 05 H) 2 TURINYS ĮVADAS / 5 I DALIS. ŠV. BRUNONO IR 1009-ŲJŲ MISIJOS PAŽINIMO BYLA / 24 1. ŠV. BRUNONO BONIFACO PAŽINIMO TRADICIJOS / 24 1.1. Kamalduliškoji pažinimo tradicija: šv. Bonifacas – Romualdo mokinys, Bosnijos (arki)vyskupas, slav ų / rus ų kankinys / 25 1.1.1. Šv. Romualdo mokinio šv. Bonifaco atradimas arba kaip su juo susipažino Europa / 25 1.1.2. Paskutin ės šv. Bonifaco misijos geografin ės interpretacijos / 45 1.1.3. Šv. Bonifaco švent ės klausimas, arba romualdiškosios datos įsitvirtinimas / 55 1.2. Benediktiniškoji tradicija: Šv. Brunonas – 1008 m. Pr ūsijoje nužudytas rut ėnų (arki)vyskupas / 58 1.2.1. Žini ų apie šv. Brunono kankinyst ę sklaida Viduramžiais / 58 1.2.2. Ekehardiškosios žinios su rut ėnų (arki)vyskupu įsitvirtinimas / 66 1.3. Lokalin ė (Kverfurto) tradicija: Šv. Brunonas – Kverfurto graf ų gimin ės atstovas, dukart misionieriav ęs Pr ūsijoje ir ten 1008/1009 m. nužudytas / 79 1.4. Šv. Brunonas Bonifacas – sudvejintas šventasis / 88 1.4.1. Dviej ų švent ųjų koegzistavimas ir Lietuvos atsiradimas misijiniame itinerare / 88 1.4.2. „Brunono Bonifaco“ šaltini ų publikavimas ir sudvejinimo rebuso išsprendimas / 99 2. ŠV. BRUNONO BONIFACO PAŽINIMAS 1009-ŲJŲ MISIJOS GEOGRAFIN ĖJE ERDV ĖJE / 105 2.1. Sudvejintas šventasis Lenkijos-Lietuvos valstyb ėje / 105 2.2. Šv. Bonifacas – Regni Poloniae Patronus arba liturginis švent ųjų Brunono ir Bonifaco aspektas / 122 2.3. -
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500–1795
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 Edited by Richard Butterwick Lecturer in Modern European History Queen’s University Belfast Northern Ireland Editorial matter, selection and Introduction © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapter 10 © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapters 1–9 © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-77382-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-41618-9 ISBN 978-0-333-99380-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333993804 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. -
Darius Staliūnas HISTORIOGRAPHY of the LITHUANIAN NATIONAL
Darius Staliūnas HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE LITHUANIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT CHANGING PARADIGMS The beginning of Lithuanian national historiography and the topic of ‘National Revival’ The Lithuanian historical narrative was formed during the nineteenth century as a component part of a newly developing Lithuanian national discourse. One of the most important and most difficult tasks facing the construction of a modern Lithuanian identity was how to separate it from the Polish identity (as well as from its Russian counterpart, even though Russianness was not regarded as being so parlous for the ‘purification’ of national identity). It therefore comes as no surprise that Lithuanians construed their concept of history as an alternative to the Polish construction (and to a lesser degree to the Russian version). Most nineteenth-century Polish political movements, including schools of history, did not regard the Lithuanians as having any independent political future and so it is not surprising that they were inclined first and foremost to stress the benefits of Polish culture and civilisation in Lithuania’s past. The Lithuanians had no other option than using their authentic ethnic culture as a counterweight to Polish civilisation. Conceiving Lithuanian identity as primarily ethno-cultural values, a concept of Lithuanian history was construed accordingly. The history of Lithuania was considered to be Darius Staliūnas, ‘Historiography of the Lithuanian national movement. Changing paradigms’, in: Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) pp. 160-182. http://snm.nise.eu Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) | ARTICLES the history of (ethnic) Lithuanians. Topics connected with ‘national revival’ have clearly dominated in texts devoted to nineteenth-century history. -
Szlachta Litewska W Obliczu Nacjonalizmów Pod Koniec XIX I Na Początku XX Wieku
R i m a n t a s M i k n y s Instytut Historii Litwy (Wilno) Szlachta litewska w obliczu nacjonalizmów pod koniec XIX i na początku XX wieku. Próba charakterystyki Zarówno w dyskursie publicznym, jak i w akademickim przyjęto nazywać wiek XIX i początek XX początkiem kształtowania się podstaw społeczeństwa nowoczesnego. Wiadomo, że nowoczesność zniszczyła część elementów społeczeństwa przednowo- czesnego, część zaś jego dawnych cech przytłumiła, ale nadal istnieją one w społeczeń stwach postmodernistycznych. Istotną zmianą, która charakteryzuje epokę moderni styczną jest zmieniony pogląd na stosunek tradycji do innowacji. Nowości, innowacje, innowacyjność stały się walorami dopiero w czasach „nowo czesności”. Do tego czasu wartością była tradycja i jej przestrzeganie. Nie oznacza to jednak, że nowoczesność całkowicie zniszczyła tradycję i tylko nowości przeważały sza lę wartości. Dlatego też czasem nowoczesność nazywa się konfliktem lub napięciem pomiędzy tym, co stare a co nowe, bez uwzględnienia zasięgu w poszczególnych spo łeczeństwach. Mieszkańcy Litwy, podobnie jak i innych obszarów Europy Środkowo- Wschodniej, przeszli od starego modelu do nowego opartego na zasadach społeczeń stwa nowoczesnego, w którym rodzina jest oddzielona od krewnych, a jednostka — od warstwy społecznej. Akurat w tych czasach wzrosła mobilność ludności i w społeczeń stwie popierano niwelowanie różnic. Tożsamość nowego społeczeństwa formowała się także w sferze etniczności wpływając na powstawanie coraz wyraźniejszych odrębności w stosunku do narodowo odmiennych sąsiadów: tych starych oraz nowych [tj. w miarę pojawiania się nowych, sąsiadujących z Litwą struktur państwowych — red.]. Już całe społeczeństwo, a nie tylko jego elitarna część za element łączący zaczęło uważać wspól notę etnicznego pochodzenia, obyczajów, tradycji, pamięci historycznej, długie wspólne zamieszkiwanie na tym samym terytorium. -
Evolution of the Belarusian National Movement in The
EVOLUTION OF THE BELARUSIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN THE PAGES OF PERIODICALS (1914-1917) By Aliaksandr Bystryk Submitted to Central European University Nationalism Studies Program In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Advisor: Professor Maria Kovacs Secondary advisor: Professor Alexei Miller CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2013 Abstract Belarusian national movement is usually characterised by its relative weakness delayed emergence and development. Being the weakest movement in the region, before the WWI, the activists of this movement mostly engaged in cultural and educational activities. However at the end of First World War Belarusian national elite actively engaged in political struggles happening in the territories of Western frontier of the Russian empire. Thus the aim of the thesis is to explain how the events and processes caused by WWI influenced the national movement. In order to accomplish this goal this thesis provides discourse and content analysis of three editions published by the Belarusian national activists: Nasha Niva (Our Field), Biełarus (The Belarusian) and Homan (The Clamour). The main findings of this paper suggest that the anticipation of dramatic social and political changes brought by the war urged national elite to foster national mobilisation through development of various organisations and structures directed to improve social cohesion within Belarusian population. Another important effect of the war was that a part of Belarusian national elite formulated certain ideas and narratives influenced by conditions of Ober-Ost which later became an integral part of Belarusian national ideology. CEU eTD Collection i Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Between krajowość and West-Russianism: The Development of the Belarusian National Movement Prior to WWI ..................................................................................................... -
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania As a Successor of Rome in the Early
Open Political Science, 2018; 1: 170–181 Research Article Joanna Orzeł* From imagination to political reality? The Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a successor of Rome in the early modern historiography (15th–18th centuries)# https://doi.org/10.1515/openps-2018-0015 received December 17, 2018; accepted December 31, 2018. Abstract: At the beginning of the Renaissance Lithuanians understood that to join the civilization of Western Europe, it was necessary to have an appropriate (it means: very long) tradition. Like other countries, they had to create their own myth of origin. The most prestigious tradition was Greek-Roman antiquity, so the country’s origin story was invented, claiming its people descended directly from Rome. According to subsequent chronicles, the founder of the new state was Palemon (Publius Libon, initially Vilia). Using the theory of cultural memory of Jan and Aleida Assmann, the article presents how and why the Lithuanian myth of origin was transformed from 15th to the end of the 18th century. Particular attention was paid to the current needs of the state and the powerful noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which also found their origins in the state myth. During the early modern period, the changes in the story were made (including the date of Palemon’s arrival in the Lithuanian lands). Nonetheless, the myth was not questioned for a long time. Even once it had already been established that it was no more than a fairy tale, the story was revived again, performing other functions in the 19th century. Keywords: cultural memory; foundation myth; mythical genealogy; Palemon; the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Polish- Lithuanian historiography; Greco-Roman antiquity in early modern period. -
Master of Arts Thesis Models of Polishness Among Lithuanian
Master of Arts Thesis Euroculture Jagiellonian University, Kraków (Home) Palacký University, Olomouc (Host) June 2016 Models of Polishness among Lithuanian Polish minority Submitted by: Simonas Teškevičius 1120462 (Kraków); 80063379 (Olomouc) Supervised by: Dr. Krzysztof Kowalski (Kraków) Dr. Doc. Antonin Kalous (Olomouc) Vilnius, 20 June 2016 Signature MA Programme Euroculture Declaration I, (Simonas Teškevičius) hereby declare that this thesis, entitled “Models of Polishness among Lithuanian Polish minority”, submitted as partial requirement for the MA Programme Euroculture, is my own original work and expressed in my own words. Any use made within this text of works of other authors in any form (e.g. ideas, figures, texts, tables, etc.) are properly acknowledged in the text as well as in the bibliography. I hereby also acknowledge that I was informed about the regulations pertaining to the assessment of the MA thesis Euroculture and about the general completion rules for the Master of Arts Programme Euroculture. Signed …………………………………………………………... Date ………………………………………………………………. 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4 Hypothesis and research questions ............................................................................... 9 Sources and methodology ........................................................................................... 10 Approach and actuality of the topic ........................................................................... -
Scholarship of Imagination Per Anders Rudling, the Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906-1931 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015)
Scholarship of Imagination Per Anders Rudling, The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906-1931 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2015). Aiming to introduce “Belarusian nationalism” (why not “White Ruthenian,” “Belorussian,” or “Byelorussian” is not explained)1 to Western scholarship, Per Anders Rudling has written two works under one cover. One is a true believer’s regurgitation of leftist theories of nationalism. The other is an awkward attempt to ram the modern historical experience of the people of Belarus into the ideological paradigm which guides him. The result is a mixed bag of misinterpreted historical gems and predictable post-modernist clichés. The greatest flaw is that the author does not sufficiently know the history of the lands and peoples of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where, in his view, Belarusian nationalism was “imagined.” Despite all this, the historian amazingly distills a sound conclusion, namely that modern ideologies imposed on the denizens of Belarus were calamitous for them. Since neither his theoretical baggage nor empirical evidence rendered themselves to this conclusion, we must assume that the scholar arrived at it largely intuitively. By his telling, the “invention of Belarus,” “its imagination,” took place “at the turn of the [20th] century” (p. 3). Although Rudling’s periodization spans from 1906 to 1931, he is mostly interested in the period of 1915-1926: “the efforts of nationalists on both sides of the border to root a national consciousness among the masses” (p. 17). The narrative part follows a chronological path. From 1918 or so, it alternates between geographical parts in the east and west. -
Lithuanian Language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Between Function and Status
Belarusian Political Science Review, Volume 2, 2012–2013 ISSN 2029-8684 (online) ISSN 2029-8676 INSTITUTIONS AND COMMUNITIES: HISTORICAL DIMENSION Alieh Dziarnovič LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA: BETWEEN FUNCTION AND STATUS Introduction, or the Incident of 1529 At the very beginning of May 1529, on behalf of the High Court – “by or- der of His Majesty” – offi cials of the central and regional (Vilnius/Wilno/Viĺnia Voivodeship) administration of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania sent decki1 Vasiĺ Bialianin to the Eišiškės parish of Lida County (today in the Šalčininkai district of Vilnius County of the Republic of Lithuania). He was to interview witnesses on the spot over a disputed property case between a boyar of His Majesty Piotr Sumarok and Eišiškės subject Sieńka Ivaškavič. The judicial body, headed by the Marshal2 of His Majesty Maciej Vojciechavič Kločka, “ordered Sumarok and Sieńka Ivaškavič not to go to those witnesses beforehand, but join the decki”. Sumarok asked permission not to join the decki, but to stay in Vilnius. What a surprise it was for the decki when he met Sumarok on the road to Eišiškės “al- ready going back from witnesses”. The court offi cial asked the plaintiff : «“Sumarok, where are the witnesses?”, – and he pointed out the witnesses in a birchwood. Then, when the witnesses stood in front of me and wanted to confess, Sumarok started talking to them in Lithuanian (emphasis mine. – A.Dz.) and asked them: “For God’s sake do not betray me, and what I promised I will give you, and will not betray you”». -
SEIMAS (Parliament of Lithuania)
SEIMAS (Parliament of Lithuania) Gediminas Kazėnas [email protected] Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1447 privilege of GDL Kazimieras − Noblemens and their peasants were exempt from state tax. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1492 m. privilege of Alexander − GDL undertake not to pas new law without SEIMAS agreement. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1529 1st Lithuanian Statut: − the highest state authority which is allowed to pass the laws is Council of Lords. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1566 2nd Lithuanian Statut: − Has become the highest legislative organ of state. − Not every lord could come to Seimas. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1566 2nd Lithuanian Statut: − Has become the highest legislative organ of state. − Not every lord could come to Seimas. Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1569 Lublin Union − Common Seimas of Both Nations Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1588 3rd Lithuanian Statut: − Only Seimas can pass law; − Council of Lords is annulated. 1st written Constitution in Europe Seimas of 1788 – 1792 − Constitution of 1791, 3rd of May. Great Vilnius Seimas 1905 November 21 – 22 (December 4 – 5) Council of Lithuania 1918 1st Republic of Lithuanian 1918, 16th of February; 1920 – 1922 Constituent Assembly Seimas; 1922 adoption of Constitution; 1922 – 1923 1st Seimas 1923 – 1926 2nd Seimas 1926 – 1927 3rd Seimas 1926, 17th December - constitutional revolution 1928 adoption of new Constitution 1936 – 1940 4th Seimas 2nd Republic of Lithuania 1990 – 1992 Supreme Council – Reconstituent Seimas; 1991, 11th of March – Act On the Re- establishment of the State of Lithuania − Provisional Basic Law 1992, 25th of October – adoption of Constitution of Lithuania. Seimas Seimas is sovereign, but bound by: − Constitution; − Referendum; − Constitutional Court; − President and veto; Election to Seimas 141 member of Seimas; − 70 proportional representation by party lists; − Single-member districts. -
Polens Zukunft Liegt Im Osten
STUDIEN zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung 28 Alexandra Schweiger Polens Zukunft liegt im Osten Polnische Ostkonzepte der späten Teilungszeit (1890-1918) Alexandra Schweiger, Polens Zukunft liegt im Osten – Polnische Ostkonzepte der späten Teilungszeit (1890-1918) STUDIEN ZUR OSTMITTELEUROPAFORSCHUNG Herausgegeben vom Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft 28 Alexandra Schweiger Polens Zukunft liegt im Osten Polnische Ostkonzepte der späten Teilungszeit (1890-1918) VERLAG HERDER-INSTITUT · MARBURG · 2014 Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar © 2014 by Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 35037 Marburg, Gisonenweg 5-7 Printed in Germany Alle Rechte vorbehalten Satz: Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitteleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 35037 Marburg Druck: KN Digital Printforce GmbH, Ferdinand-Jühlke-Straße 7, 99095 Erfurt Umschlagbild: Tafel IX: Hauptkarte: Die Polen, Nebenkarte: Sprachen, in: EUGENIUSZ ROMER: Geografi czno-statystyczny atlas Polski, Warszawa – Kraków 1916 ISBN 978-3-87969-381-8 Inhalt Danksagung ......................................................................................................... VII 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................