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Chapter No. 1. Basics of Microprocessor

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Chapter No. 1. Basics of Microprocessor Chapter No. 1. Basics of Microprocessor Points to Remember….. (i). Flag registers:- Sign flag, Zero flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Parity flag, Carry flag. (ii). Temporary registers:- ‘W’ & ‘Z’, (iii). General purpose registers:- ‘B’,’C’,’D’,’E’,’H’ & ‘L’. (iv). Special purpose registers:- Program counter, Stack pointer, Increment/decrement latch. (v). Latch:- In microprocessor latches are used for de-multiplexing the address & data bus. Q(1). Define Microprocessor?. (i). It is a semiconductor device. (ii). It can be used as a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven, register-based electronic device. (iii). It accepts digital data as input, then it processes it according to the instructions stored in its memory, and provides the results as an output. (iv). It is an example of integrated circuit (i.e. IC). e.g. 4004 µP, 8008 µP, 8085 µP, 8086 µP, Core-i3 µP, Core-i7 µP etc. Q(2). Draw & explain the general block diagram of processor?. A general microprocessor system mainly consists of following blocks, (i). Input Device:- (i)The main purpose behind the use of this device is, to provide data to the processing unit. e.g. Keyboard, Mouse etc. (ii). Central Processing Unit (CPU):- (i). The main purpose behind the use of this device is, to control all the activities/processes happening inside the microprocessor system. e.g. 4004 µP, 8008 µP, 8085 µP, 8086 µP, Core-i3 µP, Core-i7 µP etc. Page | 1 *Microprocessor & Programming Notes By Er. Swapnil V. Kaware ([email protected])* (iii). Output Device:- (i). The main purpose behind the use of this device is, to show data transferred from processing unit. e.g. Printer, Monitor etc. (iv). Memory:- (i). The main purpose behind the use of this device is, to store the data for future purpose. e.g. RAM, ROM etc. Q(3). Write short notes on evolution of microprocessor?. OR Q(4). Describe the evolution of microprocessor with suitable examples?. OR Q(5). Give the evolution of microprocessor?. (i). INTEL-4004:- (i). The Intel-4004 was the first 4-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1971. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 4KB. (iii). It was built using PMOS technology. (iv). It has total 45 instructions. (v). It has been primarily used in calculators. (ii). INTEL-8008:- (i). The Intel-8008 was the first 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1972. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 16KB. (iii). It was built using PMOS technology. (iv). It has total 48 instructions. (v). It has been also primarily used in calculators. (iii). INTEL-8080:- (i). The Intel-8080 was the second 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1973. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 64KB. (iii). It was built using NMOS technology. (iv). It has execution speed of 500,000 instructions/second. (v). It has been primarily used in microcomputers. (iv). INTEL-8085:- (i). The Intel-8085 was the third 8-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1975. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 64KB. (iii). It was built using NMOS technology. (iv). It has execution speed of 1.3 microsecond/instruction. (iv). It has total 246 instructions. (v). INTEL-8086:- (i). The Intel-8086 was the first 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1978. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 1MB. (iii). It was built using HMOS technology. (iv). It has execution speed of 400 nanosecond/instruction. (v). It has been primarily used in personal computers. (vi). INTEL-80186:- (i). The Intel-80186 was the second 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1982. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 1MB. (iii). It was built using CMOS technology. (iv). It has been primarily used in embedded systems. (vii). INTEL-80286:- (i). The Intel-80286 was the third 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel Corporation in 1983. (ii). It has total memory addressing capacity of 16MB. (iii). It was built using Page | 2 *Microprocessor & Programming Notes By Er. Swapnil V. Kaware ([email protected])* .
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