M-Theory Backgrounds with Torus Actions and Brane–Anti-Brane Systems
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Particles-Versus-Strings.Pdf
Particles vs. strings http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~siegel/vs.html In light of the huge amount of propaganda and confusion regarding string theory, it might be useful to consider the relative merits of the descriptions of the fundamental constituents of matter as particles or strings. (More-skeptical reviews can be found in my physics parodies.A more technical analysis can be found at "Warren Siegel's research".) Predictability The main problem in high energy theoretical physics today is predictions, especially for quantum gravity and confinement. An important part of predictability is calculability. There are various levels of calculations possible: 1. Existence: proofs of theorems, answers to yes/no questions 2. Qualitative: "hand-waving" results, answers to multiple choice questions 3. Order of magnitude: dimensional analysis arguments, 10? (but beware hidden numbers, like powers of 4π) 4. Constants: generally low-energy results, like ground-state energies 5. Functions: complete results, like scattering probabilities in terms of energy and angle Any but the last level eventually leads to rejection of the theory, although previous levels are acceptable at early stages, as long as progress is encouraging. It is easy to write down the most general theory consistent with special (and for gravity, general) relativity, quantum mechanics, and field theory, but it is too general: The spectrum of particles must be specified, and more coupling constants and varieties of interaction become available as energy increases. The solutions to this problem go by various names -- "unification", "renormalizability", "finiteness", "universality", etc. -- but they are all just different ways to realize the same goal of predictability. -
Supergravity and Its Legacy Prelude and the Play
Supergravity and its Legacy Prelude and the Play Sergio FERRARA (CERN – LNF INFN) Celebrating Supegravity at 40 CERN, June 24 2016 S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 1 Supergravity as carved on the Iconic Wall at the «Simons Center for Geometry and Physics», Stony Brook S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 2 Prelude S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 3 In the early 1970s I was a staff member at the Frascati National Laboratories of CNEN (then the National Nuclear Energy Agency), and with my colleagues Aurelio Grillo and Giorgio Parisi we were investigating, under the leadership of Raoul Gatto (later Professor at the University of Geneva) the consequences of the application of “Conformal Invariance” to Quantum Field Theory (QFT), stimulated by the ongoing Experiments at SLAC where an unexpected Bjorken Scaling was observed in inclusive electron- proton Cross sections, which was suggesting a larger space-time symmetry in processes dominated by short distance physics. In parallel with Alexander Polyakov, at the time in the Soviet Union, we formulated in those days Conformal invariant Operator Product Expansions (OPE) and proposed the “Conformal Bootstrap” as a non-perturbative approach to QFT. S. Ferrara - CERN, 2016 4 Conformal Invariance, OPEs and Conformal Bootstrap has become again a fashionable subject in recent times, because of the introduction of efficient new methods to solve the “Bootstrap Equations” (Riccardo Rattazzi, Slava Rychkov, Erik Tonni, Alessandro Vichi), and mostly because of their role in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The latter, pioneered by Juan Maldacena, Edward Witten, Steve Gubser, Igor Klebanov and Polyakov, can be regarded, to some extent, as one of the great legacies of higher dimensional Supergravity. -
Curriculum Vitæ
Curriculum Vitæ Nome : Laura Maria Andrianopoli Nazionalit`a: Italiana Data e luogo di nascita : 8 Gennaio 1969, Torino (Italia) Lingue parlate : Italiano, Inglese, Francese Posizione attuale : dal 01/11/2007 Ricercatrice Universitaria presso il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino Indirizzo: C.so Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 I-10129 Torino, Italia Indirizzo e-mail : [email protected] Formazione accademica • 1994 - 1997: corso di Dottorato in Fisica presso l'Universit`adi Genova. Rela- tore: Prof. C. Imbimbo; Co-relatore: Prof. R. D'Auria Titolo della Tesi di Dottorato: \U-duality in supergravity theories and extremal black holes", discussa a Roma il giorno 8 Maggio 1998 • Luglio 1994: Laurea in Fisica Teorica presso l'Universit`adi Torino con votazione finale di 110/110 e Lode. Relatore: Prof. Ferdinando Gliozzi; Co-relatore: Prof. Riccardo D'Auria Titolo della Tesi : \Una nuova rappresentazione per l'accoppiamento dei campi scalari alla supergravit`a Attivit`adi Ricerca Borse Post-Dottorato: • 1 Novembre 2004 - 31 Ottobre 2007: Grant da parte del Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, per svolgere ricerche presso la Di- visione Teorica del CERN di Ginevra e il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino. • 1 Novembre 2002 - 31 Ottobre 2004: Posizione di Fellow presso la Divisione Teorica del CERN, Ginevra • 1 Settembre 2000 - 31 Ottobre 2002: Posizione di Assegnista di Ricerca presso il Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Torino • 1 Ottobre 1998 - 31 Agosto 2000: Posizione di Post-Dottorato presso la Divi- sione Teorica dell'Universit`aK.U.Leuven, in Belgio, nell'ambito del progetto: TMR ERBFMRXCT96-0045 • 15 Febbraio 1998 - 30 Settembre 1998: Posizione di borsista presso la Divisione Teorica del CERN, Ginevra grazie al contributo della borsa Angelo Della Riccia • Conferimento della prima posizione nella graduatoria di merito del Concorso INFN a n. -
STRING THEORY in the TWENTIETH CENTURY John H
STRING THEORY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY John H. Schwarz Strings 2016 { August 1, 2016 ABSTRACT String theory has been described as 21st century sci- ence, which was discovered in the 20th century. Most of you are too young to have experienced what happened. Therefore, I think it makes sense to summarize some of the highlights in this opening lecture. Since I only have 25 minutes, this cannot be a com- prehensive history. Important omitted topics include 2d CFT, string field theory, topological string theory, string phenomenology, and contributions to pure mathematics. Even so, I probably have too many slides. 1 1960 { 68: The analytic S matrix The goal was to construct the S matrix that describes hadronic scattering amplitudes by assuming • Unitarity and analyticity of the S matrix • Analyticity in angular momentum and Regge Pole The- ory • The bootstrap conjecture, which developed into Dual- ity (e.g., between s-channel and t-channel resonances) 2 The dual resonance model In 1968 Veneziano found an explicit realization of duality and Regge behavior in the narrow resonance approxima- tion: Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t)) A(s; t) = g2 ; Γ(−α(s) − α(t)) 0 α(s) = α(0) + α s: The motivation was phenomenological. Incredibly, this turned out to be a tree amplitude in a string theory! 3 Soon thereafter Virasoro proposed, as an alternative, g2 Γ(−α(s))Γ(−α(t))Γ(−α(u)) T = 2 2 2 ; −α(t)+α(u) −α(s)+α(u) −α(s)+α(t) Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 )Γ( 2 ) which has similar virtues. -
The Birth of String Theory
THE BIRTH OF STRING THEORY String theory is currently the best candidate for a unified theory of all forces and all forms of matter in nature. As such, it has become a focal point for physical and philosophical dis- cussions. This unique book explores the history of the theory’s early stages of development, as told by its main protagonists. The book journeys from the first version of the theory (the so-called Dual Resonance Model) in the late 1960s, as an attempt to describe the physics of strong interactions outside the framework of quantum field theory, to its reinterpretation around the mid-1970s as a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces, and its successive developments up to the superstring revolution in 1984. Providing important background information to current debates on the theory, this book is essential reading for students and researchers in physics, as well as for historians and philosophers of science. andrea cappelli is a Director of Research at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence. His research in theoretical physics deals with exact solutions of quantum field theory in low dimensions and their application to condensed matter and statistical physics. elena castellani is an Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy, Uni- versity of Florence. Her research work has focussed on such issues as symmetry, physical objects, reductionism and emergence, structuralism and realism. filippo colomo is a Researcher at the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Florence. His research interests lie in integrable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. paolo di vecchia is a Professor of Theoretical Physics at Nordita, Stockholm, and at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen. -
The Birth of String Theory
The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli INFN, Florence Elena Castellani Department of Philosophy, University of Florence Filippo Colomo INFN, Florence Paolo Di Vecchia The Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen and Nordita, Stockholm Contents Contributors page vii Preface xi Contents of Editors' Chapters xiv Abbreviations and acronyms xviii Photographs of contributors xxi Part I Overview 1 1 Introduction and synopsis 3 2 Rise and fall of the hadronic string Gabriele Veneziano 19 3 Gravity, unification, and the superstring John H. Schwarz 41 4 Early string theory as a challenging case study for philo- sophers Elena Castellani 71 EARLY STRING THEORY 91 Part II The prehistory: the analytic S-matrix 93 5 Introduction to Part II 95 6 Particle theory in the Sixties: from current algebra to the Veneziano amplitude Marco Ademollo 115 7 The path to the Veneziano model Hector R. Rubinstein 134 iii iv Contents 8 Two-component duality and strings Peter G.O. Freund 141 9 Note on the prehistory of string theory Murray Gell-Mann 148 Part III The Dual Resonance Model 151 10 Introduction to Part III 153 11 From the S-matrix to string theory Paolo Di Vecchia 178 12 Reminiscence on the birth of string theory Joel A. Shapiro 204 13 Personal recollections Daniele Amati 219 14 Early string theory at Fermilab and Rutgers Louis Clavelli 221 15 Dual amplitudes in higher dimensions: a personal view Claud Lovelace 227 16 Personal recollections on dual models Renato Musto 232 17 Remembering the `supergroup' collaboration Francesco Nicodemi 239 18 The `3-Reggeon vertex' Stefano Sciuto 246 Part IV The string 251 19 Introduction to Part IV 253 20 From dual models to relativistic strings Peter Goddard 270 21 The first string theory: personal recollections Leonard Susskind 301 22 The string picture of the Veneziano model Holger B. -
A Brief History of String Theory
THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Dean Rickles A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRING THEORY From Dual Models to M-Theory 123 THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Series editors Avshalom C. Elitzur Unit of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Gières, France e-mail: [email protected] Laura Mersini-Houghton Department of Physics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA e-mail: [email protected] Maximilian Schlosshauer Department of Physics, University of Portland 5000 North Willamette Boulevard Portland, OR 97203, USA e-mail: [email protected] Mark P. Silverman Department of Physics, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA e-mail: [email protected] Jack A. Tuszynski Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada e-mail: [email protected] Rüdiger Vaas Center for Philosophy and Foundations of Science, University of Giessen, 35394, Giessen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] H. Dieter Zeh Gaiberger Straße 38, 69151, Waldhilsbach, Germany e-mail: [email protected] For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5342 THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Series editors A. C. Elitzur L. Mersini-Houghton M. Schlosshauer M. P. Silverman J. A. Tuszynski R. Vaas H. D. Zeh The books in this collection are devoted to challenging and open problems at the forefront of modern science, including related philosophical debates. In contrast to typical research monographs, however, they strive to present their topics in a manner accessible also to scientifically literate non-specialists wishing to gain insight into the deeper implications and fascinating questions involved. Taken as a whole, the series reflects the need for a fundamental and interdisciplinary approach to modern science. -
Table of Contents More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19790-8 - The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli, Elena Castellani, Filippo Colomo and Paolo Di Vecchia Table of Contents More information Contents List of contributors page x Photographs of contributors xiv Preface xxi Abbreviations and acronyms xxiv Part I Overview 1 1 Introduction and synopsis 3 2 Rise and fall of the hadronic string 17 gabriele veneziano 3 Gravity, unification, and the superstring 37 john h. schwarz 4 Early string theory as a challenging case study for philosophers 63 elena castellani EARLY STRING THEORY Part II The prehistory: the analytic S-matrix 81 5 Introduction to Part II 83 5.1 Introduction 83 5.2 Perturbative quantum field theory 84 5.3 The hadron spectrum 88 5.4 S-matrix theory 91 5.5 The Veneziano amplitude 97 6 Particle theory in the Sixties: from current algebra to the Veneziano amplitude 100 marco ademollo 7 The path to the Veneziano model 116 hector r. rubinstein v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19790-8 - The Birth of String Theory Edited by Andrea Cappelli, Elena Castellani, Filippo Colomo and Paolo Di Vecchia Table of Contents More information vi Contents 8 Two-component duality and strings 122 peter g.o. freund 9 Note on the prehistory of string theory 129 murray gell-mann Part III The Dual Resonance Model 133 10 Introduction to Part III 135 10.1 Introduction 135 10.2 N-point dual scattering amplitudes 137 10.3 Conformal symmetry 145 10.4 Operator formalism 147 10.5 Physical states 150 10.6 The tachyon 153 11 From the S-matrix to string theory 156 paolo di vecchia 12 Reminiscence on the birth of string theory 179 joel a. -
This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At
This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Dynamical supersymmetry enhancement of black hole horizons Kayani, Usman Tabassam Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. Apr. 2021 Dynamical supersymmetry enhancement of black hole horizons Usman Kayani A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Supervised by: Dr. Jan Gutowski Department of Mathematics King's College London, UK November 2018 Abstract This thesis is devoted to the study of dynamical symmetry enhancement of black hole horizons in string theory. -
More Space for Unification Kaluza-Klein Theory and Extra Dimensions
THESIS APPROVED BY g- lq -2-l 2^ø,-* 7. Ðrdl"- Date GintarasK. Duda, Ph.D. Physics Department Chair ll^*L^?.¿¿rut #nutnu,.P.Iürubel, Ph.D. Dave L. Sidebottom, Ph.D. KevinT. FitzGerald, S.J., Ph.D., Ph.D. Interim Dean, Graduate School More Space for Unification Kaluza-Klein Theory and Extra Dimensions By Joseph Nohea Kistner Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Physics Omaha, NE August 13, 2021 Abstract The purpose of this this thesis is to investigate Kaluza-Klein theory, the history of extra dimensions, and provide a tool to those who want to learn about how they are being used today. In doing so, a re-derivation of the bulk of the theory was carried out because much of the original nomenclature and conventions are not common anymore, creating a barrier to those wanting to learn about it. The re-derivation includes Theodore Kaluza’s 1921 paper where he lays out the impetus for expanding the foundations of General Relativity to include an extra dimension of space, and one of Oskar Klein’s 1926 papers that answers the problem of the cylinder condition in Kaluza’s theory. Additional sections are provided to introduce tensor mathematics and Riemann Normal Coordinates, the coordinate system used throughout Kaluza’s derivation. The final chapter describes how extra dimensions are used in theories today and how experiments are being used to search for evidence of them. iii This is dedicated to my loving parents who have always encouraged me to pursue my happiness. -
Dean Rickles a BRIEF HISTORY of STRING THEORY
THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Dean Rickles A BRIEF HISTORY OF STRING THEORY From Dual Models to M-Theory 123 THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Series editors Avshalom C. Elitzur Unit of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Gières, France e-mail: [email protected] Laura Mersini-Houghton Department of Physics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA e-mail: [email protected] Maximilian Schlosshauer Department of Physics, University of Portland 5000 North Willamette Boulevard Portland, OR 97203, USA e-mail: [email protected] Mark P. Silverman Department of Physics, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA e-mail: [email protected] Jack A. Tuszynski Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada e-mail: [email protected] Rüdiger Vaas Center for Philosophy and Foundations of Science, University of Giessen, 35394, Giessen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] H. Dieter Zeh Gaiberger Straße 38, 69151, Waldhilsbach, Germany e-mail: [email protected] For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5342 THE FRONTIERS COLLECTION Series editors A. C. Elitzur L. Mersini-Houghton M. Schlosshauer M. P. Silverman J. A. Tuszynski R. Vaas H. D. Zeh The books in this collection are devoted to challenging and open problems at the forefront of modern science, including related philosophical debates. In contrast to typical research monographs, however, they strive to present their topics in a manner accessible also to scientifically literate non-specialists wishing to gain insight into the deeper implications and fascinating questions involved. Taken as a whole, the series reflects the need for a fundamental and interdisciplinary approach to modern science. -
Arxiv:1802.03407V5 [Hep-Th] 16 Nov 2019
ARC-18-02 Supergravity in the group-geometric framework: a primer Leonardo Castellani Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica Universit`adel Piemonte Orientale, viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy INFN, Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy Arnold-Regge Center, via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy Abstract We review the group-geometric approach to supergravity theories, in the perspective of recent developments and applications. Usual diffeomorphisms, gauge symmetries and supersymmetries are unified as superdiffeomorphisms in a supergroup manifold. Integration on supermanifolds is briefly revisited, and used as a tool to provide a bridge between component and superspace actions. As an illustration of the constructive techniques, the cases of d = 3; 4 off-shell supergravities and d = 5 Chern-Simons supergravity are discussed in detail. A cursory account of d = 10 + 2 supergravity is also included. We recall a covariant canonical formalism, well adapted to theories described by Lagrangians d-forms, that allows to define a form hamiltonian and to recast constrained hamiltonian systems in a covariant form language. Finally, group geometry and properties of spinors and gamma matrices in d = s + t dimensions are summarized in Appendices. arXiv:1802.03407v5 [hep-th] 16 Nov 2019 Based on lectures given at : the Graduate School of the Physics Dept , W¨urzburg, 2011; Corfu Workshop 2013; LACES 2013, Lezioni Avanzate di Campi e Stringhe, GGI, Flo- rence; CERN-SEENET PhD Training Program, Belgrade, 2015; GGI 2016 Workshop "Supergravity, what next?", Florence. [email protected] Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 The first example: Poincar´egravity 4 2.1 Soft Poincar´emanifold .