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ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Preventivo Per L'anno 2005 Codice Esperimento Gruppo BO11 4 Struttura Resp ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA Codice Esperimento Gruppo NUCLEARE BO11 4 Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Rapp. Naz.: Giovanni VENTURI Rappresentante nazionale: Giovanni VENTURI Struttura di appartenenza: BO Posizione nell'I.N.F.N.: INFORMAZIONI GENERALI Dinamica classica e quantistica di oggetti relativistici estesiDualità in teoria dei campi e di stringa Linea di ricerca Laboratorio ove si raccolgono i dati BO11 Sigla dello esperimento assegnata dal laboratorio Acceleratore usato Fascio (sigla e caratteristiche) Processo fisico studiato Apparato strumentale utilizzato BO, TN, CO, TS Sezioni partecipanti all'esperimento CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY POMONA, CA. USADIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA, Istituzioni esterne UNIVERSITA’ DI OSIJEK − CROAZIA all'Ente partecipanti Durata esperimento Mod EC. 1 (a cura del responsabile nazionale) ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Codice Esperimento Gruppo BO11 4 Struttura Resp. loc.: Giovanni VENTURI BO PREVENTIVO LOCALE DI SPESA PER L'ANNO 2005 In KEuro VOCI IMPORTI A cura della Comm.ne Totale Compet. DI DESCRIZIONE DELLA SPESA Parziali Scientifica SPESA SJ di cui SJ Nazionale Collaborazione con altri gruppi 4,0 4,0 R. Brandenberger, Brown University, 2 weeks, status of back−reaction of 1,0 cosmological perturbations 1,0 A. Starobinsky, Landau Institute, 2 weeks, stochastic formalism and quantum field 1,5 3,5 theory in curved space−times C. Germani, post−doc DAMTP, 4 weeks, gravitational collapse in brane−world Partecipazione a Conferenze e Collaborazioni con istituzioni estere 16,0 16,0 Consorzio Ore CPU Spazio Disco Cassette Altro di cui SJ Totale 23,5 0,0 Sono previsti interventi e/o impiantistica che ricadono sotto la disciplina della legge Merloni ? Breve descrizione dell'intervento: Mod EC./EN. 2 (a cura del responsabile locale) ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Codice Esperimento Gruppo BO11 4 Struttura Resp. loc.: Giovanni VENTURI BO ALLEGATO MODELLO EC2 L'attività di ricerca dell'iniziativa specifica Bologna11 si colloca al crocevia tra la teoria quantistica dei campi, la relatività generale e la teoria delle stringhe. L'oggetto di studio principale è l'interazione tra la materia descritta da teorie quantistiche dei campi ed il campo gravitazionale non quantizzato, con applicazioni all'inflazione,all'entropia di diversi tipi di buchi neri, alla retroazione nel collasso gravitazionale e a modelli quantistici sull'universo di de Sitter che è il più semplice modello con espansione accelerata data dalla pura costante cosmologica. L'iniziativa specifica comprende anche lo studio di modelli classici per descrivere la componente oscura dell'energia che è all'origine dell'espansione accelerata dell'universo, quali il gas di Chaplygin, i tachioni e gli universi detti di "brana" che emergono dal contesto più generale della teoria delle stringhe. In questo ambito le ricerche si estendono ai modelli di Kaluza−Klein con T−dualità ed alle corrispondenze AdS/CFT e dS/CFT. Parole chiave: Fisica dei buchi neri, Cosmologia, Modelli multidimensionali, Teorie quantistiche di campo in spazio−tempi curvi, Teorie quantistiche di campo non−commutative. Keywords: Black hole physics, Cosmology, Multidimensional models, Quantum field theory in curved space−time, Non−commutative quantum field theories. Mod EC./EN. 2a Pagina 1 (a cura del responsabile locale) ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Codice Esperimento Gruppo BO11 4 Struttura Resp. loc.: Giovanni VENTURI BO ALLEGATO MODELLO EC2 Mod EC./EN. 2a Pagina 2 (a cura del responsabile locale) ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA Codice Esperimento Gruppo NUCLEARE BO11 4 Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Rapp. Naz.: Giovanni VENTURI PREVENTIVO GLOBALE DI SPESA PER L'ANNO 2005 In KEuro A CARICO DELL' I.N.F.N. Materiale Trasporti Spese Affitti A carico Struttura Missioni Missioni di e di e Materiale TOTALE di altri interne Inviti estere consumo facchinaggi calcolo manutenzione inventariabile Compet. Enti SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ BO 4,0 3,5 16,0 23,5 0,0 MI 2,0 8,0 6,0 16,0 0,0 TN 6,0 2,0 9,0 17,0 0,0 TS 4,0 4,5 8,0 16,5 0,0 TOTALI 16,0 18,0 39,0 73,0 NB. La colonna A carico di altri enti deve essere compilata obbligatoriamente Mod EC./EN. 4 (a cura del responsabile nazionale) ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA Codice Esperimento Gruppo NUCLEARE BO11 4 Preventivo per l'anno 2005 Rapp. Naz.: Giovanni VENTURI A) ATTIVITA' SVOLTA FINO A GIUGNO 2004 B) ATTIVITA' PREVISTA PER L'ANNO 2005 BO11: QUANTUM AND SEMICLASSICAL GRAVITY, BLACK HOLES AND COSMOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION: It is commonly accepted that in order to describe systems for which both quantum and general relativistic effects are important, one needs a quantum theory of all interactions, thereby including gravity. In particular, the latter is essential for the description of the physics of the primordial Universe and is also considered necessary for the purpose of solving the paradoxes and elucidating the still mysterious aspects of the physics of black holes. While waiting for such a theory to be consistently formulated, and possibly in a form which can be concretely used, an approach which has proved useful is that in which quantum fields describing matter and radiation interact with the nonquantized gravitational field. The general scheme arising from this approach takes the name of quantum field theory on curved spacetimes and some of the most significant constructions and theoretical predictions of the last 30 years have taken place within this context, the examples of largest impact being the prediction of black hole evaporation and the inflationary paradigm. Our activity is based mainly on such an approach and employs methods that are at the interface between quantum field theory, general relativity and string theory, with applications to cosmological inflation, to the entropy of different types of black holes, to back−reaction in gravitational collapse and to quantum models on the de Sitter universe, the latter being the simplest cosmology with an accelerated expansion given by a pure cosmological constant. Also worth studying are classical models for the description of the dark energy component, which is at the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. These models include the Chaplygin gas, alternative higher order gravitational theories, tachyons and the so−called "brane" universes, which arise from the more general context of string theory. In this context the research extends also to the Kaluza−Klein models with T−duality and to the AdS/CFT and dS/CFT correspondences. The participants in the BO11 collaboration are associated with the INFN groups of 4 Universities: Bologna (BO), Como (CO), Trento (TN) and Trieste (TS), and their activities can be divided into three main (partially overlapping) topics: Black holes (BH), Theoretical Cosmology (TC) and General Theory (GT). Further, besides individual contacts, a yearly meeting involving most participants is held, also occasionally inviting representatives of other related INFN activities (see e.g. www−th.bo.infn.it/activities/bo11/). SOME RECENT RESULTS: To further illustrate our activity we single out some results that we think are particularly significant obtained in the above topics during the past few years. A) BLACK HOLES [BH1] R. Casadio and B. Harms, "Can black holes and naked singularities be detected in accelerators?", Int. J. Mod. Phys. A17 (2002) 4635 [see also: Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 024016; Phys. Lett. B 487 (2000) 209]. The conditions for the detectability of black holes and naked singularities in colliders at TeV−scales if the spacetime is higher dimensional have been studied. With one warped extra dimension, microcanonical corrections can make tiny black holes (meta)stable and, if the total charge is non−zero, naked singularities do not occur provided the electromagnetic field is strictly confined on an infinitely thin brane. With more flat extra dimensions, a phase transition between black strings and black holes was conjectured and the microcanonical decay rates analyzed. [BH2] G.L. Alberghi, R. Casadio and G.Venturi, "Thermodynamics for radiating shells in anti−de Sitter space−time", Phys. Lett. B557 (2003) 7 [see also Phys. Lett. B 571 (2003) 245]. A thermodynamical description for the quasi−static collapse of radiating, self−gravitating spherical shells of matter in anti−de Sitter spacetime is obtained. The specific heat at constant area may diverge before a black hole forms, thus suggesting the possibility of a phase transition occurring during the collapse. Semiclassical radiation emitted as a non−adiabatic quantum effect when the shell matter is bosonic has also also obtained. [BH3] R. Casadio, "On dispersion relations and the statistical mechanics of Hawking radiation", Class. Quantum Grav. 19 (2002) 2453 [see also Ann. Phys. 307 (2003) 195]. It is shown that trans−Planckian frequencies do not affect the spectrum of Hawking radiation since Hawking particles are produced sufficiently far away from the horizon and reach infinity with a relatively small gravitational red−shift. The result is then generalized to models with extra flat spatial dimensions. [BH4] V. Moretti and N. Pinamonti, "Aspects of hidden and manifest SL(2,R) symmetry in 2D near−horizon black−hole backgrounds," Nucl. Phys. B 647 (2002) 131. The invariance under unitary representations of the conformal group SL(2,R) of a quantum particle is rigorously investigated in two−dimensional spacetimes containing Killing horizons and the limit of the near−horizon approximation is considered. The whole Hilbert space turns out to be an irreducible unitary representation of SL(2,R) and the time evolution is embodied in the unitary representation. B) THEORETICAL COSMOLOGY [TC1] A. Y. Kamenshchik, U. Moschella and V. Pasquier, "An alternative to quintessence", Phys. Lett. B511 (2001) 265. Recent observations point towards the existence of a new type of energy, called dark, that dominates the energy content of the universe. In this paper a new model, called the Chaplygin gas cosmological model (after the early 20−th century hydrodynamicist Chaplygin) has been introduced and discussed.
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