Taxonomy, Stratigraphy and Phylogeny of the Ne\T Genus Lanceoptychites (Ammonoidea, Anisian)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Taxonomy, Stratigraphy and Phylogeny of the Ne\T Genus Lanceoptychites (Ammonoidea, Anisian) Rivìsta Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia pagine 143-i66 TAXONOMY, STRATIGRAPHY AND PHYLOGENY OF THE NE\T GENUS LANCEOPTYCHITES (AMMONOIDEA, ANISIAN) MARCO BALINI Receìoed February 10, 1998; accepted ApriL 3, 1998 Key-zuords: Ammonoidea, Population analysis, Triassic, Ani- Damit kann bewiesen werden, dafl das Auftreten einer subakuten./fa- sien, Biostratigraphy, Phylogeny, Northern Alps, Southern Alps. stigaten Externseite unci eines lanzettfórmigen \'Vindungsquerschnitts wlhrend des lVachstums, bei flachen Ptychitidae, eine normale onto- Riassunto. Viene effettuato per la prima volta uno studio po- genetische Entwicklung darstellt und dass es sich dabei nicht um 'Va- polazionistico degli Ptychitidae compressi (Ammonoidea) raccolti chstumsanomalien handelt, wie rnanchrnal rn der Literatur vermutet strato-per-strxto nel Calcare dr Prezzo (Anisico superiore, Alpi meri- wurde. Ammonoideen mit einer solch eigentùmlicher Ontogenese dionali). Si dimostra come in alcune popolazioni di Ptychitidi com- werden nun aus der Gattung Flexoptychites, zt d.er nur noch flache pressi durante I'ontogenesi si possa verificare una modificazione del Ptychitiden mit gerundeter Externseite gerechnet werden, ;rusgeglie- ventre, che diventa subacuto/Íastigato mentre la sezione deì giro di- den und zur neuen Gattung Lanceoptychìtes gestellt. Die neue Gat- venta lanceolata. Questo particolare sviluppo della zona ventrale non tung ist eine sekundàre Abspeltung von F/exoptychires und umfasst è dovuto ad anomalie di crescita, come talvolta riponato in letteratu- zur Zett aus vier Arten: Lanceoptycbites telox sp. n, (Typusrrt), l sryx ra, ma è un normale sviluppo ontogenetico. Gli Ammonoidi con que- sp. n., l. indistinctus (Mojsisovics, 1882) und L. cbarlyanus (Diener, sto tipo particolare di ontogenesi sono separati dal genere Flexoptychi- 1900). Z. sllx und seine peramorphe Abspaltung L. telox sind strato- res, che comprende quindi gli Ptychitidi compressi con ventre arro- phenetische Arten aus dem Prezzokalk, wo sie auf den rnittleren tondato, ed inclusi nel nuovo genere Lanceoptychies. Il nuovo genere Abschnitt der Zone d.es Paraceratites tìnòdosus (Illyr) beschrànkt è un discendente secondario di Flexoptychites e cornprende 4 specie: Z. sind. Úber L. indistinctus (Mojsrsovics, 1882) und L. charlyanus (Dte- uelox (tìpo) sp. n., Z. irlx sp. n., L. indistinctus (Mojsisovics) e Z. ner, 1900) gibt es keine gesichenen stratigraphische Angaben. Diese cbarlyanus (Diener). L. styx ed il suo discendente peramorfico L. veLox beiden Morphospezies werden anhand des Typenmaterials revidien. sono specie stratofenetiche. Entrambe le specie sono istituite su mxte- riale proveniente dal Calcare di Prezzo, dove sono limitate alla pane media della zona a Paraceratites linocJosus (Illirico). L. indistinctus (Mojsisovics) e L. charLyanus (Drener) vengono rivisti sulla base dello Introduction: summary of the knowledge on the west studio dei tipi. Poìchè non è disponibile nessuna informazione sulla tethyan Ptychitidae. distribuzione stràto-per-strato dei tipi, questi taxa restano semplici morfospecie. The family Ptychitidae Mojsisovics, 1882 is a typi- cal component of the open marine ammonoid assembla- Abstract. For the first time a population analysis of compres- ges during Anisian and in part Ladinian times. It groups sed Ptychitidae (Ammonoidea) bed-by-bed collected from Prezzo Limestone (Upper Anisian, Southern Alps) is perforrned. The analy- leiostraca ammonoids with depressed to compressed coi- sis allows to derlonstrate that s'ithin some populations of compres- ling and a typicai ammonitic suture line. The family is sed ptychitids during the gros/th the venter may become subacute/fa- common in the Arctic, Pacific and Tethyan paleobiopro- stigàte and the section lanceolate. This modification is not due to vinces, while its episodic occurrence in epicontinental growth anomalies, as sometimes belieted in Ìiterature, but is a nor- rnal ontogenetic detelopment. The ammonoids with this peculiar on- seas (Upper Muschelkalk: IJrlichs Er Kurzweil, 7997) is togeny are moved from the genus Flexoptycbites, that groups the corn- not surely related to living populations, but could be pressed ptychitids with rounded venter, into the new gents Lanceop' due to post-mortern drifting of the shells from the Tethys tycbites. The new genus is a secondary descendent of Flexoptychites (Urlich Mundlos, 1985). During the Pelsonian-Illy- and comprises 4 species: L. velox (type) sp. n., L, styx sp. n., L. indi' & stinctus @lojsisovics) and L. cbarlyanus (Diener). L, styx znd its pera- rian (Anisian) the family is represented in the \flestern rnorphrc descendant L. veLox are stratophenetic species. They are de- Tethys by the genera Ptychites Mojsisovics, L882, Flexop- scribed from the Prezzo Limestone, where they are confined to the tychites Spath, 1951 and Malletoptychites Diener, 1916. middle part of the Paraceratites trinodosus zone (Illyrian). No bed-by- rare and restricted red lime- bed information is availabie f.or L. indìstinctzs (Mojsisovics) and I. The last genus is to nodular charLyanus (Diener). These morphospecies are revised on the basis of stones, whrle Ptychites and Flexoptychites are much more the type rrrterial. frequent and reiatively facies-indipendent. Repre- sentatives of Ptycbites and/or Flexoptycbites are very Zusammenfassuzg. Anhand von horizontiert aufgesammelten red nodular limestones (i.e., Schreyeralm Fossilfolgen aus dem Prezzokalk (Sùdalpen), wird fùr flache Ptychiti- abundant in dae (Ammonoidea) erstmals eine Populationsanalyse durchgefiihn. and Han-Bulog Limestones), but they can also be found Dipanimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi, Via Mangiagalli 34,20133 Milano, Itely; ernail: [email protected] M. Balini FiO I Location map of the nost lmpoftant Anisran localities of Southern and Nonhern Al." -^.,;^--r ;- .r"- f--, The analysis of the taxo- nomicrl position oI Lhese species is complex. Most of the pro- blems stem from the old techni- ques oi collect ion. I n rhe p"rsr \trrarttr//-';.1' i-LrI .1".1..rLltq ldJt lqrrrLrr)/^^.r,,..r\ rh"('r! specimens were not collected with special càre on rhe posirion in the stratigraphic sections. On the opposite,.rll rhe specimens coming from the same lithology (roughly the same formation) were grouped together into the same "assemblage" which was ac- tua1ly far from a true natural as- soci.rtion. As l consequence the type series of rhe new species were not composed after the analysis of ontogeny and mor- in black or brown - bituminous limestones (r.e., Prezzo phoiogical variability within true populations of indivi- and Gutenstein Limestones), in sandy/silty limesrones duals, but they were artificially assumed. At the presenr (i.e., Dont Formation) and in siliceous nodular lime- no good information on the stratigraphic relationships stones (i.e., Buchenstein Formation). between the type specimens of these species is available. Despite the frequency in the stratigraphical record Therefore the problem of the understanding of the mor- and the wide paleogeographic distribution, Ptycbites and phological features intermediate between different spe- FLexoptycbites, as the resr of the family Ptychitidae, are cies cannot be solved because, the chronological and far from being well known. The history of the know- biological meaning of their relationships is unknown. ledge of the group is long and complex. Ptychites was All of these problems are common with Triassic ammo- {ormallzed by Mojsisovics in 1875, and in a few years noids (Tozer, 1971), however in the case of Ptychitid.re the genus grew including more and more species nota- they are especially severe because rhe raxonomy of this bly diverse in whorl section, coiling, size and surure family is much more influenced than that of other line. The wide variety of species attributed to Ptychites groups (i.e., the famrly Ceratitidae Mojsisovics, 1879) by vu.as remarked by Mojsisovics (1882), who distinguished collection from Anisian condensed red limestones within the genus several groups of species. Flowever the (Schreyeraim and Han-Bulog Limestones), where three to genus continued growing, and it gradually became a ta- four ammonoid zones are surely represented (Gaetani, xonomical basket, so large that in the Fossilium Catalo- 1969, p.492). gus 84 species were counted (Diener, 1915). Afterwards The only way to solve these complex and inter-re- the content of that basket was gradually reduced by re- lated taxononical and stratigraphical problems should moving the most diverse species creating new genera, so consist in the application of bed-by-bed (population) that the taxonomy was shifted: the former genus Ptychi- analyses to fossil-bearing sequences (stratophenetic .rp- tes became a family composed by most of the previous proach s.1.: Gingerich, 1,979; Dzlk, 1987) possibly corre- groups of species raised to rank of genera. Much later sponding to historical localities. This paper shows the (Tozer, 1981) moved Discoptycbites Diener, 1916 (:Mo- first result of the attempt at applying this technique ro jsisovics' group of P megalodiscus) to the family Sturii- the Ptychitidae of two Illyrian sections of the Giudica- dae Kiparisova, 1958. IJnfortunately this reorganization rie (Southern Alps). did not involve all the species formerly attributed to Pty- chites, bur only the more frequent and morphologically The new data from lhe Southern Alps. "extreme" forms. Several species, sometimes rare, often ba- sed on very few or single specimens, usually
Recommended publications
  • First Record of the Upper Illyrian Ammonoid Subzone Marker Reitziites Reitzi in the Karst Dinarides
    75 The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin First record of the upper Illyrian UDC: 551.7:551.8 ammonoid subzone marker DOI: 10.17794/rgn.2020.2.7 Reitziites reitzi in the Karst Dinarides Original scientific paper Duje Smirčić1; Dražen Japundžić2; Nikolina GaberšeK1, Dunja Aljinović1, Nediljka Prlj-Šimić2, Katarina Krizmanić2, Uroš Barudžija1, Ivor Pavić1 1Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR10000 Zagreb 2Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, HR10000 Zagreb Abstract Middle Triassic deposits in the Karst Dinarides (south Lika area, near Gračac) were investigated for petrological, sedi- mentological and biostratigraphic determinations. Within two continuously recorded sections of sedimentary carbon- ates and interlayered pyroclastic rocks (Mali Kunovac and Kunovac sections) reflecting variable sedimentary-magmatic environments, valuable cephalopod fauna ranging from the middle Illyrian to the upper Illyrian age was found. The most significant was the recovery of the ammonoids Asseretoceras sp., indicating the upper part of the Illyrian Paraceratites trinodosus Zone, and Reitziites reitzi species which marks the upper part of the Illyrian Reitziites reitzi Zone. The dis- covery of the Reitziites reitzi species was not known from the Karst Dinarides until this finding. Keywords: Karst Dinarides, Croatia, Middle Triassic, biostratigraphy, ammonoids 1. Introduction 2. Geological setting Biostratigraphic zonation according to ammonoids The investigated area is located in the southern part of has a very high resolution and is still considered one of Lika, in Croatia. In a geological sense, the area represents the best correlative principles for the Middle Triassic. the central part of the Karst Dinarides. The wider area of There are many recent works that consider ammonoids as Kunovac has been investigated in the frame of basic geo- the important correlative marker in spite of the wide use logical mapping, and the area of our interest covers the of conodonts in biostratigraphic correlations.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Stratigraphic Names
    Downloaded from http://mem.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 23, 2021 Glossary of stratigraphic names This index attempts to list in alphabetical order all proper strati- completed here in square brackets where it differs. Constituent graphic names from Svalbard literature. It cannot be complete, units are listed generally from the top down. although most names encountered during work on this book have As explained in Sections 18.3 and 19.3.2 correlated units in the an entry. Each entry begins with the name and its stratigraphic rank Hammerfest Basin have been included. abbreviated. The name occurs and may be defined in the translation of the Aavatsmarkbreen Fm (Harland et al. 1993) Comfortlessbreen Russian Publication of Gramberg et al. (1990, Dallmann & Mork Gp; V2, Edi; 9 13. 1991 (eds)). This is a valuable source of further information which * Aberdeenflya Fm (SKS 1996, after Rye Larsen ) McVitiepynten supplements this work. Gramberg et al. is indeed especially valu- Sbgp; Pg; 9 20. able because the Russian entries are interpreted by the authors' *t Adriabukta Fro. (Birkenmajer & Turnau 1962) Billefjorden Gp; colleagues. However, the presently recommended equivalents of Meranfjellet, Julhogda, Haitanna mbrs; Cl,Tou-Vis; 10, 17. many named units are different from that work. :~t Adventdalen Gp (Parker 1967) Janusfjellet Subgp; Carolinefjel- * Names have been recommended for use by the Stratigrafisk let, Helvetiafjellet, Rurikfjellet, Agardhfjellet, Kong Karls Komite for Svalbard (SKS) of Norsk Stratigrafisk Komite (NSK). Land, Kongsoya fms; J2-K~; 4 5, 19; it has been suggested to At the time of collation of this book the SKS had provisionally include Kolmule, Kolje, Knurr, Hekkingen and Fuglen fms of agreed only on post-Devonian stratigraphic nomenclature, hence Hammerfest Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum Bulletin 262
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 70 cents UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 262 Catalog of the Type Specimens of Invertebrate Fossils LOUIS R. PURNELL Part I: Paleozoic Cephalopoda SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. 1968 Publications of the United States National Museum The scientific publications of the United States National Museum in- clude two series, Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly ac- quired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related sub- jects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.
    [Show full text]
  • Anisian Ammonoids from Qingyan
    1661-8726/08/020546-16 Swiss J. Geosci. 101 (2008) 547–562 DOI 10.1007/s00015-008-1274-0 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2008 Anisian ammonoids from Qingyan, southwestern China: biostratigraphical implications for the age of the Qingyan Formation FRANK STILLER1, * & HUGO BUCHER 2 Key words: ammonoids, Anisian, Qingyan Formation, southwestern China, taxonomy, biostratigraphy ABSTRACT The Upper Qingyan Formation in the northeastern vicinity of Qingyan, Gui- blage correlates with the Billingsites cordeyi Subzone in northwestern Nevada zhou Province, southwestern China, yields an ammonoid sequence comprising and the Rieppelites cimeganus Zone in Lombardy. The middle/late Anisian a latest middle Anisian assemblage in its lower part followed by an earliest late boundary is situated in the upper middle part of the highly fossiliferous sec- Anisian assemblage in its middle and upper parts. Age-diagnostic genera of tion at Leidapo. Judging from re-study of available and figured specimens, the lower assemblage include Bulogites and Acrochordiceras; additional gen- reports of stratigraphically younger taxa such as Paraceratites trinodosus from era comprise Proarcestes, Sageceras, and Beyrichitinae gen. indet. This assem- the Upper Qingyan Formation of this area are based on misidentifications. blage well correlates with the Bulogites mojsvari Subzone in northwestern Ne- The time interval represented by the Qingyan Formation at its type locality is vada and the Bulogites zoldianus Zone in Lombardy and Hungary. The upper not equal to the Anisian as has long been supposed in Chinese stratigraphy. assemblage comprises the age-diagnostic genera Rieppelites and Judicarites; An earliest late Anisian age for the uppermost strata of the Qingyan Forma- additional characteristic genera include Ptychites and Gosauites.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Geologlcal SURVEY of INDIA Melvioirs
    MEMOIRS OF THE GEOLOGlCAL SURVEY OF INDIA MElVIOIRS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA VOLUME XXXVI, PART 3 THE TRIAS OF THE HIMALAYAS. By C. DIENER, PH.0., Professor of Palceontology at the Universz'ty of Vienna Published by order of the Government of India __ ______ _ ____ __ ___ r§'~-CIL04l.~y_, ~ ,.. __ ..::-;:;_·.•,· ' .' ,~P-- - _. - •1~ r_. 1..1-l -. --~ ·~-'. .. ~--- .,,- .'~._. - CALCU'l"l'A: V:/f/ .. -:-~,_'."'' SOLD AT THE Ol<'FICE OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY o'U-1kI>i'A,- 27, CHOWRINGHim ROAD LONDON: MESSRS. KEGAN PAUT,, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. BERLIN : MESSRS. FRIEDLANDEH UND SOHN 1912. CONTENTS. am I• PA.GE, 1.-INTBODUCTION l 11.-LJ'rERA.TURE • • 3· III.-GENERAL DE\'ELOPMEKT OF THE Hrn:ALAYA.K TRIAS 111 A. Himalayan Facies 15 1.-The Lower Trias 15 (a) Spiti . Ip (b) Painkhanda . ·20 (c) Eastern Johar 25 (d) Byans . 26 (e) Kashmir 27 (/) Interregional Correlation of fossiliferous horizons 30 (g) Correlation with the Ceratite beds of the Salt Range 33 (Ti) Correlation with the Lower Trias of Europe, Xorth America and Siberia . 36 (i) The Permo-Triassic boundary . 42 II.-The l\Iiddle Trias. (Muschelkalk and Ladinic stage) 55 (a) The Muschelkalk of Spiti and Painkhanda v5 (b) The Muschelkalk of Kashmir . 67 (c) The llluschelka)k of Eastern Johar 68 (d) The l\Iuschelkalk of Byans 68 (e) The Ladinic stage.of Spiti 71 (f) The Ladinic stage of Painkhanda, Johar and Byans 75 (g) Correl;i.tion "ith the Middle Triassic deposits of Europe and America . 77 III.-The Upper Trias (Carnie, Korie, and Rhretic stages) 85 (a) Classification of the Upper Trias in Spiti and Painkhanda 85 (b) The Carnie stage in Spiti and Painkhanda 86 (c) The Korie and Rhretic stages in Spiti and Painkhanda 94 (d) Interregional correlation and homotaxis of the Upper Triassic deposits of Spiti and Painkhanda with those of Europe and America 108 (e) The Upper Trias of Kashmir and the Pamir 114 A.-Kashmir .
    [Show full text]
  • 27. Stratigraphic Comparison Around the Sea O F Japan
    No. 5] Proc. Japan Acad., 60, Ser. B (1984) 99 27. Stratigraphic Comparison around the Sea of Japan By Teiichi KOBAYASHI,M. J. A. (Communicated, May 12, 1984) The upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic formations and fossils of Japan are closely related to those of South Primorye, U.S.S.R., but later in the Cretaceous period South Korea was connected to West Japan at the Tsushima basin. Such a change took place by the drift- ing of the Japanese Islands from the continental side for more than twice. This is my prediction in 1935 here reconsidered with reference to additional data accumulated during a half century since then. 1) The Cambrian formation discovered in the Hanka block by Kropathkin in 1949 yields Lower and Middle Cambrian archaeo- cyathids, but no trilobite. Its basal conglomerate overlies a thick Pro- terozoic complex the older part of which is 830 myr. The archaeo- cyathids show that the sea was extended toward Tr,ansbikalia, but probably disconnected from Korea where Cambrian trilobites are abundant but no archaeocyathids. 2) No Upper Cambrian and Ordovician record is as yet found in either the Hanka-Suifung area or the Sikhota Alin, but the thick Tamginska series of the area contains a Silurian flora. Therefore the Chichibu geosyncline of Japan was connected with the Mongolian geosyncline through this area. The Silurian coralline fossils in the Kyeomipo limestone conglomerate in North Korea are telling a temporal marine ingression from the Japan sea side. 3) The thick Devonian formation of the Hanka area is rich in volcanic and pyroclastic rocks, showing the intrageosynclinal volcanism.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy and Ammonoids from the Middle Triassic Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shales) of Spitsbergen
    Mitt. Geol.-Paläont. Inst. S. 27-54 Univ. Hamburg Heft 54 Hamburg, Dezember 1983 Stratigraphy and ammonoids from the Middle Triassic Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shales) of Spitsbergen WOLFGANG WEITSCHAT & ULRICH LEHMANN*) With plates 1-6, 2 tables and 9 text-figures Contents Abstract 27 Zusammenfassung 28 I. Introduction 28 II. Stratigraphy 28 a) Previous work 28 b) Descriptionof thesections 30 c) Age and correlation 33 III. Systematic Paleontology 36 IV. References 53 Abstract Sections of the Middle Triassic Daonella Shales (Botneheia Formation) of the Is- fjorden region of Spitsbergen are measured and their fossil contents of ammonoids are described and stratigraphically analyzed. A revised biostratigraphical Interpretation of this sequence is given. The Daonella Shales yield f ossilif erous nodule layers with dif f er- ent ammonoid f aunas which permit a threef old subdivision into the f ollowing ammonoid zonation: T T ^;„;^„ zone of Indigirites tozeri Lower Ladinian zpne pf Tsvetkovites vaHus Upper Anisian zone of Frechites laqueatus A correlation of this zonal sequence with the Middle Triassic beds of Taymyr Penin- sula, NE USSR, and NE British Columbia is discussed. Seven genera with eight species are described in detail. Tsvetkovites varius n. sp. and Indigirites tozeri n. sp. are new to science. A special attention is given to the ex- tremely high infraspecific Variation of the ammonoid faunas investigated. *) Address of authors: Dr. W. WEITSCHAT and Prof. Dr. U. LEHMANN, Geologisch-Paläon­ tologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, Germany (F.R.) 27 Zusammenfassung Profile der Mitteltriassischen Daonellen-Schiefer der Eisfjord-Region Spitzber­ gens wurden vermessen und die in ihnen enthaltenen Ammoniten beschrieben und stra- tigraphisch ausgewertet.
    [Show full text]
  • Bivalve Pholadomya Gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, Taphonomy, and Paleogeographic Implications
    The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications DARÍO G. LAZO Lazo, D.G. 2007. The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (2): 375–390. Pholadomya gigantea is a widely distributed Early Cretaceous bivalve mollusc. It has been recorded in the North Tem− perate, Tethyan, and South Temperate Realms. Based on recent field work and newly collected material from the Neuquén Basin, the taxonomy, mode of occurrence and palaeobiogeography of this species is reviewed. In the Agrio For− mation (Valanginian–Barremian) P. gigantea is neither abundant nor dominant, but occurs throughout the unit. It was fa− cies−dependent being restricted to well−oxygenated waters and soft to firm, sandy and bioclastic substrates of shoreface to inner shelf environments. The life habit of P. gigantea was similar to that of Recent Pholadomya candida, deep burrow− ing and sedentary, but it has not a pedal gape and accessory muscle scars related to valve closure. Thus a suspension−feed− ing habit, not a pedal−feeding system, may be inferred as is commonly suggested in other Jurassic and Cretaceous Pholadomya species. Pholadomya agrioensis is a valid taxon that is recorded in the Berriasian–Valanginian of Neuquén. It is similar in outline to P. gigantea and had probably the same basic palaeoecology, even though it has a blunt anterior margin, deep umbonal−ventral sulcus and distinct anterior ornamentation. Once in life position this species was capable of further digging in the sediment. This species probably burrowed in muddy substrates in the offshore zone.
    [Show full text]
  • 64. the Akiyoshi Orogenic Cycle in the Mongolian Geosyncline*. by Teiichi KOBAYASHI
    306 [Vol. 18, 64. The Akiyoshi Orogenic Cycle in the Mongolian Geosyncline*. By Teiichi KOBAYASHI. (Comm.by T. KATO,M.I.A., June 12, 1942.) Since Schonmann had expressed the opinion in 1929 that the Mongolio-Amur Faltengurtel had been a geosyncline which was disturbed by late Mesozoic orogenses, it was a moot question among geologists, as discussed by Stille, Obrutschew and othersl'. It is the object of this paper to demonstrate that the Akiyoshi, instead of the Sakawa, cycle of orgenesis2' is responsible for the oronization of the Mongolian geosyncline. A thick Palaeozoic complex for which I proposed the name , Mammo ( i) group3', is the sediment in the geosyncline existing between the Altenseheitel and the Yenshan orogenic zone. Because it is one of the least known but nevertheless one of the most important f ormational unit in the geology of Eastern Asia, I have paid special attention to it since I studied a small collecl,ion of fossils from Soron in the middle part of the Great Khingan range in 19314'. On the basis of fresh evidences which we obtained in Manchoukuo, its stratigraphic succession can now be roughly sketched as follows : 1. The lowest of the group so far known is the Ordovician Orthis sandstone of the Tyktaminda on the Siberian side of the Upper Amur valley where it is overlain by the Gotlandian Galymene manly shale. In the same area there is a good display of the fossiliferousDevonian formation composedmostly of shale and limestone in the lower part, of marl, limestone and reef limestone in the middle and of limestone in the upper parts).
    [Show full text]
  • MS-1986-4.Pdf
    Vol. 18 ML~ERALIA 1986 No 4 SLOVACA 289-384 Casopls Slovens'<ej geologickej spoločnosti a slovenských geologických organizácii Journal of tbe Slovak Geologlcal Society and of Slovak geological organizalions Vedúci redaktor Ing. Ján Bartalský, CSc. Chief editor Vedecký redaktor RNDr. Pavol Grecula, DrSc. Scientific editor REDAKčNA RADA - EDITORIAL BOARD Predseda redakčnej rady Ing. Ján Kuráň, CSc. Chairman of Editorial board RNDr. Juraj Antaš,I RNDr. Ján Bystrický, DrSc .. 1 akademik Bohuslav Cambe] , RNDr. Miroslav Harrri.an, CSc., prof. RNDr. Jakub Kamenický, DrSc., RNDr. Vlastimil Konečný, CSc., Ing. Ján Kozáč, Ing. Ivan Kravjanský, RNDr. Bartolo!::.::j Leš­ ko, DrSc., akademik Michal Maheľ, Ing. Ivan Marušiak, CSc., prof. Ing. Milan Ma­ tula, DrSc., Ing. Ivan P ag áč, CSc., RNDr. Anton Porubský, CSc., Ing. Rudolf Ru­ dinec, CSc., RNDr. Ondrej Samuel, DrSc., RNDr. Miroslav Slavkay, CSc., RNDr. Ivan Sarík, RNDr. Pavel Tkáčik, Ing. Milan Ťapák, CSc., prof. RNDr. Cyril V arč e k, CSc., RNDr. Imricr- ~;arga OBSAH CONTENTS 1 Ján Bystrický 1 Stratigrafické rozpätie a zonac1a dasykla­ Stratigraphic Ranging and Zonation of dálnych rias (dasykladaceá) v triase Zá­ Dasycladal Algae in the West Carpat- padných Karpát 289 hians Mts., Triassic Jerzy Grzywacz - Halina Margu! Použitie gravimetrického prieskumu na Use of gravimetrie research for prospec­ vyhľadávanie a rozpoznávanie tvaru za­ tion and shape distinction of hidden gra­ krytých granitových telies vo východnej nite bodies in the eastern part of the časti Spišsko-gemerského rudohoria 323 Spiš-Gemer Ore Mts. (West Carpathians) Radan Kvet Fotolineamenty a epicentra zemétresení Photolineaments and earthquake e pi- 339 centres Oto Orlický Paleomagnetizmus a petromagnetické vlast­ Paleomagnetism and petromagnetic pro­ nosti intruzívnych hornín z oblasti Slan­ perties of intrusive rocks from the area of ských vrchov 349 Slanské vrchy Mts.
    [Show full text]
  • Package 'Paleotree'
    Package ‘paleotree’ December 12, 2019 Type Package Version 3.3.25 Title Paleontological and Phylogenetic Analyses of Evolution Date 2019-12-12 Author David W. Bapst, Peter J. Wagner Depends R (>= 3.0.0), ape (>= 4.1) Imports phangorn (>= 2.0.0), stats, phytools (>= 0.6-00), jsonlite, graphics, grDevices, methods, png, RCurl, utils Suggests spelling, testthat Language en-US ByteCompile TRUE Encoding UTF-8 Maintainer David W. Bapst <[email protected]> BugReports https://github.com/dwbapst/paleotree/issues Description Provides tools for transforming, a posteriori time-scaling, and modifying phylogenies containing extinct (i.e. fossil) lineages. In particular, most users are interested in the functions timePaleoPhy, bin_timePaleoPhy, cal3TimePaleoPhy and bin_cal3TimePaleoPhy, which date cladograms of fossil taxa using stratigraphic data. This package also contains a large number of likelihood functions for estimating sampling and diversification rates from different types of data available from the fossil record (e.g. range data, occurrence data, etc). paleotree users can also simulate diversification and sampling in the fossil record using the function simFossilRecord, which is a detailed simulator for branching birth-death-sampling processes composed of discrete taxonomic units arranged in ancestor-descendant relationships. Users can use simFossilRecord to simulate diversification in incompletely sampled fossil records, under various models of morphological differentiation (i.e. the various patterns by which morphotaxa originate from one another), and with time-dependent, longevity-dependent and/or diversity-dependent rates of diversification, extinction and sampling. Additional functions allow users to translate simulated ancestor-descendant data from simFossilRecord into standard time-scaled phylogenies or unscaled cladograms that reflect the relationships among taxon units.
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Triassic
    Permian / Triassic (236 - 273 Ma time-slice) Time ScaLe R Creator CHRONOS Cen Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.; Cambridge Univ. Press) Mesozoic Paleozoic Sponsored, in part, by: Precambrian {See chapter on the Triassic Period in The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M.; 2008; Cambridge Univ. Press) for potential revisions in Triassic time scale and zonations} ICS Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60. Standard Geo- Ammonites Conodonts Sequences Larger Benthic Foraminifers Dinoflagellate Radiolarians Ostracodes Spores / Pollen Verte- Stage Age Chronostratigraphy magnetic Cysts brates Age Zones Zones Polarity Paleozoic Sequences T-R Major T-R Zones Charo- phytes Period N. America Zones Zonal Markers Global, Tethyan Zones Markers Alpine/Germanic Arctic Epoch Stage Substage Boreal High Boreal Tethyan (Orchard & Tozer, 1997) Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Cycles Cycles Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Zonal Markers Boreal Ostracodes Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Intornites oleshkoi Ladinian Fassanian matutinum curionii curionii Duplicisporites granulatus Ladinian 237.0 Budurovignathus 237.0 Curionii-R Parafrechites Paragondolella? trammeri sublaqueatus Chieseiceras chiesense trammeri - Neogondolella aequidentata Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, T. verrucata Frechites chischa Frechites nevadanus Frechites nevadanus (un-named) Ladinocampe multiperforata K.
    [Show full text]