Sponsored, in part, by: ICS Permian / Triassic (236 - 273 Ma time-slice) Standard Geo- Ammonites Conodonts Sequences Larger Benthic Foraminifers Dinoflagellate Radiolarians Ostracodes Spores / Pollen Verte- Stage Age Chronostratigraphy magnetic Cysts brates Age Zones Zones Paleozoic Sequences T-R Major T-R Zones Charo- phytes Period Polarity N. America Global, Tethyan Epoch Stage Substage Boreal High Boreal Tethyan (Orchard & Tozer, 1997) Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Zones Zonal Markers Cycles Cycles Zones Markers Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Zonal Markers Boreal Ostracodes Alpine/Germanic Arctic

Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Ladinian Fassanian matutinum Intornites oleshkoi curionii curionii Duplicisporites granulatus Ladinian Budurovignathus 237.0 237.0 Curionii-R Parafrechites Paragondolella? trammeri sublaqueatus Chieseiceras chiesense trammeri - Neogondolella aequidentata Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, T. verrucata Frechites chischa Frechites nevadanus Frechites nevadanus (un-named) Ladinocampe multiperforata K. apiculatus Austria, Turkey" Austria, Amphipopanoceras Nevadites Serpianites serpianensis Camerosporites secatus dzeginense Neogondolella aequidentata Partitisporites spp. hoellvicensis Paragondolella ex gr. excelsa Stellatochara Nevad-N1 Paragondolella? trammeri T. fisheri, Triassellina ssp. Prodiploxipinus spp. (ornamented), Ticinites crassus trammeri - Paragondolella Dyupetalum vicentinensis Chasmatosporites spp. Illyrian alpina Paragondolella? trammeri trammeri, G. P. hellenica Gymnotoceras pseudolonga S. Hemisphere: S. ottii Partitisporites spp., Ovalipollis J. punctispinosa, K. punctatus 240 G. subtilis pseuodoalatus, Staurosaccites 240 olenekense Aplococeras avisianum quadrifidus Eogymnotoceras Gymnotoceras Paragondolella alpina - G. hanbulogi 240.4 Pilammina densa deleeni rotelliformis An4 Stellapollenites thiergartii Hungarites Paragondolella? trammeri Spongosilicar. Italicus "Greece, Italy, "Greece, Italy, Middle Hungar-N Reitziites reitzi praetrammeri Kuglerina meieri Paragondolella alpina Pilammina densa F. calcaneum Neogondolella mesotriassica Spongosilicar. transitus Paraceratites trinodosus Neogondolella mesotriassica Amphipopanoceras Neogondolella constricta Tetraspinocyrtis laevis asseretoi Paraceratites Neogondolella constricta 241.5 S.(P.) petersbergensis Anisian Schreyerites abichii An3 (no dated radiolarians) Anisian Paragondolella bifurcata Gladigondolella tethydis, Paragondolella Schr. binodosus excelsus, G. cornuta Parasepsagon robustus C. cristatus, I. kosankei, Czekanowskites Paulbrownnimannia judicariensis, Microachrydites fastidioides, V. Hollandites minor gastroplanus Paragondolella ex gr. excelsus, Paulbrownnimannia Meandrospira dinarica, Barantuna cristianensis Balat-R Balatonites balatonicus Bal. balatonicus Paragondolella bifurcata jenensis, K. apiculatus Pelsonian Arctohungarites judicariensis Meandrospira pusilla kharaulakhensis Cuccoceras cuccense Nicoraella kockeli, G. hanbulogi Triadispora (acme), (T.crassa, T. Anagymnotoceras Arctohungarites suspecta, T. plicata) I. chitonoides , Poland" Tetsaoceras hayesi "unnamed" Paulbrownnimannia judicariensis, varium laevigatus Paragondolella bulgarica 242.9 C. gunyalensis, A. macrocavatus Aghdarbandites An2 Pilammina densa Paroertlispongus , Tridiaspora plicata Bithynian Kocaelia ismidicus diacanthus Aratisporites saturni, P. Czekanowskites Arctoh. triformis "unnamed" Neogondolella regale longdonensis Kocae-N Buddhaites haugei Paragondolella bulgarica, G. malayensis Arctoh. ventroplanus Nicomedites osmani budurovi Stellatochara Dyupetalum vicentinensis, C. decipiens 243.7 dnjeproviformis An1 nevesi Groenlandites nahwisi Lenotropites caurus Meandrospira Densosporites nejburgii, C. Lenotropites caurus dinarica gunyalensis, J. conmilvinus, D. Arctohungarites bufonis Lenotropites solitarius Neogondolella? regalis I. chitonoides insolitus Stenopopanoceras Neogondolella? regalis Densosporites nejburgii Silberlingites mulleri Paracrochordiceras (Triadispora crassa, T. suspects, Grambergia taimyrensis mirabile Hozmadia gifuensis Triassic T. plicata) Angustisulcites spp., Karangatites evolutus Stellapollenites thiergartii S. (Cornutisporites) seebergensis,

Aegean [ un-named ] Chiosella timorensis Meandrospira dinarica 245 Karang. arkhipovi Chiosella timorensis Alisporites cymbatus I. chitonoides, A. circumdatus 245 Paracr-N

245.0 "Albania, Greece 245.0 Keyserlingites 245.4 A. spiniger Olenekites spiniplicatus [ un-named ] Neospathodus waageni, Ol 4 Densosporites nejburgii (common), Densoisporites spp. (common), A. subrobustus Chiosella gondolelloides Chiosella gondolelloides (?) Scythodondolella milleri robustus, P. reticulatus, V. SpR2 D. (Triplexisporites) playfordii jenensis Triadispora crassa Triassospathodus sosioensis Triassospathodus sosioensis (?) Olenikites pilaticus Parasiberites grambergi Toziceras pakistanum Neospathodus triangularis / Neospath. crassatus Triassospathodus triangularis Triassospathodus triangularis 246.6 Hozmadia ozawai - J. punctispinosa Ol 3 Parentactinia nakatsugaraensis Nordophiceras Triassospathodus homeri Neospathodus homeri Neospathodus collinsoni Cycloverrutriletes presselensis, L. brevicula, L. obsoleta contrarium 247.4 triassica Porochara Spathian [ un-named ] Tirolites cassianus Icriospathodus collinsoni Ol 2 C. gunyalensis, J. conmilvinus, SpR1 D. insolitus A. robustus Bajarunia euomphala Neospathodus dieneri Triassospathodus hungaricus Neogondolella jubata Meandrospira pusilla 248.1 Meandrospira pusilla Triassospathodus hungaricus Ol 1 Early 2 Neospathodus waageni - Kraeuseli saeptatus, L. variabilis, Olenekian

Olenekian Anawasachites tardus Wassachites tardus (mixed assemblage) Scythogondolella milleri Scythogondolella milleri Neospathodus pakistanensis, P. disertus, P. fungosus, N. Neospathodus cristagalli RADIOLARIANS striatus (common) Early Triassic Stages Triassic Early 1 Neospathodus waageni UNKNOWN Smithian Neospathodus waageni - Neospathodus waageni Euflemingites Lepiskites kolymensis Scythogondolella meeki romunderi Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Chengyuania nepalensis (un-named) Meekoceras gracilitatis Neospathodus pakistanensis Lundbladispora spp. (common), SmN1 Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Chengyuania nepalensis Pechorosporites spp. (common) 249.7 Kingites? korostelevi Neospathodus pakistanensis Neospathodus dieneri, Hindeodus Stigmosphaerostylus 249.7 3 Vavilovites turgidus Neospathodus dieneri typicalis, Neospathodus cristagalli 250.0 Vavilovites sverdrupi In2 Rectocornuspira kahlori turkensis 250 2 Vav. sverdrupi Flemingites rohilla Clarkina carinata Lundbladispora spp. (common) 250 Dienerian 1 Neospathodus cristagalli / Sweetospathodus kummeli Sweetospathodus kummeli Rectocornuspira Proptychites candidus globosa ? [ un-named ] Gyronites frequens Neospathodus kummeli Clarkina postcarinata Porochara / Clarkina postcarinata Sweetospathodus kummeli 250.2 In1 kahlori Vladimiriella S. richteri, P. pococki Induan Propty. strigatus Wordieoceras decipiens Ophiceras connectens Clarkina carinata Induan Neogondolella carinata / Rectocornuspira kahlori U. imperialis, P. pococki Gries- Ophiceras commune Tompophiceras + Oph. tibeticum Isarcicella isarcica Clarkina carinata Isarcicella isarcica RADIOLARITE GAP of Earliest Tompophiceras pascoei Hindeodus parvus RADIOLARIANS Triassic !! C. chalasta C. chalasta (common) bachian Otoceras boreale upper morphaeus Otoceras woodwardi Ot. woodwardi (upper) Hindeodus parvus Isarcicella isarcica 251.0 GN1 lower Otoceras boreale Otoceras boreale Ot. woodwardi (lower) 251.2 UNKNOWN RADIOLARITE GAP of Earliest 251.0 Otoceras concavum Otoceras concavum Clarkina meishanensis - H. Hindeodus parvus [ un-named ] praeparvus Clarkina end-Perm Triassic !! Clarkina hauschkei meishanensis Pseudotirolites

Arctic Stratotypes of Clarkina yini Paleofusulina Paratirolites Clarkina changxingensis Clarkina subcarinata Changhsingian Iranites Clarkina wangi Clarkina wangi Changhsingian 253.8 253.8

Araxoceras Clarkina

255 orientalis empire 255

Colaniella Anderssonoceras Clarkina transcaucasica Lopingian

Clarkina guangyuanensis Wuchiapingian dicynodontid

Clarkina leveni Wuchiapingian

Clarkina asymetrica Series Clarkina dukouensis 260 Clarkina postbitteri 260 Clarkina postbitteri Lepidolina 260.4 260.4 Illawara Roadoceras-Doulingoceras

Jinogondolella endothiodontid/ altudaensis

Yabeina Permian

Timorites Capitanian Jinogondolella Polydiexodina postserrata Capitanian

265 265 Neoschwagerina Jinogondolella postserrata magaritae 265.8 265.8 Guadalupian

Neoschwagerina Jinogondolella empire aserrata Wordian Waagenoceras Jinogondolella aserrata Wordian 268.0 268.0 Hyperchron Cancellina cutalensis Jinogondolella nankingensis

270 270 Roadian

Demarezites Roadian

Jinogondolella nankingensis tapinocephalid 270.6 270.6

Neostreptognathodus Misellina sulcoplicatus Pseudovidrioceras Kiaman Reversed-polarity

Neostreptognathodus Cisuralian Kungurian

Kungurian pequopensis Propinacoceras Version I, February 2006 Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.; Cambridge Univ. Press)

Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.