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1 Revision 2 1 K-Bentonites
1 Revision 2 2 K-Bentonites: A Review 3 Warren D. Huff 4 Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA 5 Email: [email protected] 6 Keywords: K-bentonite, bentonite, tephra, explosive volcanism, volcanic ash 7 Abstract 8 Pyroclastic material in the form of altered volcanic ash or tephra has been reported and described 9 from one or more stratigraphic units from the Proterozoic to the Tertiary. This altered tephra, 10 variously called bentonite or K-bentonite or tonstein depending on the degree of alteration and 11 chemical composition, is often linked to large explosive volcanic eruptions that have occurred 12 repeatedly in the past. K-bentonite and bentonite layers are the key components of a larger group of 13 altered tephras that are useful for stratigraphic correlation and for interpreting the geodynamic 14 evolution of our planet. Bentonites generally form by diagenetic or hydrothermal alteration under 15 the influence of fluids with high Mg content and that leach alkali elements. Smectite composition is 16 partly controlled by parent rock chemistry. Studies have shown that K-bentonites often display 17 variations in layer charge and mixed-layer clay ratios and that these correlate with physical 18 properties and diagenetic history. The following is a review of known K-bentonite and related 19 occurrences of altered tephra throughout the time scale from Precambrian to Cenozoic. 20 Introduction 21 Volcanic eruptions are often, although by no means always, associated with a profuse output 22 of fine pyroclastic material, tephra. Tephra is a term used to describe all of the solid material 23 produced from a volcano during an eruption (Thorarinsson, 1944). -
Permian (Artinskian to Wuchapingian) Conodont Biostratigraphy in the Tieqiao Section, Laibin Area, South China
Permian (Artinskian to Wuchapingian) conodont biostratigraphy in the Tieqiao section, Laibin area, South China Y.D. Suna, b*, X.T. Liuc, J.X. Yana, B. Lid, B. Chene, D.P.G. Bondf, M.M. Joachimskib, P.B. Wignallg, X.L. Laia a State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China b GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany c Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China d Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou, 510075, China e State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, R.P. China f School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK g School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK *Corresponding authors Email: [email protected] (Y.D. Sun) © 2017, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 1 Abstract Permian strata from the Tieqiao section (Jiangnan Basin, South China) contain several distinctive conodont assemblages. Early Permian (Cisuralian) assemblages are dominated by the genera Sweetognathus, Pseudosweetognathus and Hindeodus with rare Neostreptognathodus and Gullodus. Gondolellids are absent until the end of the Kungurian stage—in contrast to many parts of the world where gondolellids and Neostreptognathodus are the dominant Kungurian conodonts. A conodont changeover is seen at Tieqiao and coincided with a rise of sea level in the late Kungurian to the early Roadian: the previously dominant sweetognathids were replaced by mesogondolellids. -
Pander Society Newsletter
Pander Society Newsletter S O E R C D I E N T A Y P 1 9 6 7 Compiled and edited by P.H. von Bitter and J. Burke PALAEOBIOLOGY DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL HISTORY, ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM, TORONTO, ON, CANADA M5S 2C6 Number 41 May 2009 www.conodont.net Webmaster Mark Purnell, University of Leicester 2 Chief Panderer’s Remarks May 1, 2009 Dear Colleagues: It is again spring in southern Canada, that very positive time of year that allows us to forget our winter hibernation & the climatic hardships endured. It is also the time when Joan Burke and I get to harvest and see the results of our winter labours, as we integrate all the information & contributions sent in by you (Thank You) into a new and hopefully ever better Newsletter. Through the hard work of editor Jeffrey Over, Paleontographica Americana, vol. no. 62, has just been published to celebrate the 40th Anniversary of the Pander Society and the 150th Anniversary of the first conodont paper by Christian Pander in 1856; the titles and abstracts are here reproduced courtesy of the Paleontological Research Institution in Ithica, N.Y. Glen Merrill and others represented the Pander Society at a conference entitled “Geologic Problem Solving with Microfossils”, sponsored by NAMS, the North American Micropaleontology Section of SEPM, in Houston, Texas, March 15-18, 2009; the titles of papers that dealt with or mentioned conodonts, are included in this Newsletter. Although there have been no official Pander Society meetings since newsletter # 40, a year ago, there were undoubtedly many unofficial ones; many of these would have been helped by suitable refreshments, the latter likely being the reason I didn’t get to hear about the meetings. -
A Database of Triassic Conodonts from a Comprehensive Revision of Literature
SPANISH JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY A database of Triassic conodonts from a comprehensive revision of literature Pablo PLASENCIA1,2*, Ana MÁRQUEZ-ALIAGA2 & Jingeng SHA1 1 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology (CAS), Nanjing, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Geología, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Corresponding author Plasencia, P., Márquez-Aliaga, A. & Sha, J. 2013. A data base of Triassic conodonts from a comprehensive revision of literature. [Una base de datos de conodontos triásicos a partir de una completa revisión de la literatura]. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology, 28 (2), 215-226. Manuscript received 08 September 2012 © Sociedad Española de Paleontología ISSN 2255-0550 Manuscript accepted 19 December 2012 ABSTRACT RESUMEN The revision of a comprehensive amount of bibliography La revisión de una amplia cantidad de bibliografía ha hecho has made possible the development of a database containing posible el desarrollo de una base de datos en la que fi guran los the stratigraphic ranges of the conodont species from the rangos estratigráfi cos de las especies de conodontos presentes uppermost Permian and the Triassic, with a total of 336 species desde el Pérmico superior y el Triásico, con un total de 336 in 52 genera. This database is aimed at biostratigraphy and especies y 52 géneros. Esta base de datos está dirigida a la studies related to biological, evolutional and palaeodiversity bioestratigrafía y a estudios relacionados con las dinámicas dynamics. -
High-Resolution Δ Ccarb Chemostratigraphy from Latest Guadalupian Through Earliest Triassic in South China and Iran Vladimir Davydov Boise State University
Boise State University ScholarWorks Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of Geosciences 8-1-2013 13 High-Resolution δ Ccarb Chemostratigraphy from Latest Guadalupian Through Earliest Triassic in South China and Iran Vladimir Davydov Boise State University NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 375 (1 Aug 2013). DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.020. This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Earth and Planetary Science Letters, published by Elsevier. Copyright restrictions may apply. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.020. 13 High-resolution δ ccarb chemostratigraphy from latest Guadalupian through earliest Triassic in south China and Iran Shu-zhong Shen* Jonathon L. Payne State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Department of Geological and Environmental Stratigraphy Sciences Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Stanford University 39 East Beijing Road Stanford, CA94305, USA Nanjing 210008, China Vladimir I. Davydov Chang-qun Cao Department of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology -
New Permian-Triassic Conodont Data from Selong (Tibet) and the Youngest Occurrence of Vjalovognathus
This is a repository copy of New Permian-Triassic conodont data from Selong (Tibet) and the youngest occurrence of Vjalovognathus. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/116518/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Wang, L, Wignall, PB, Sun, Y et al. (3 more authors) (2017) New Permian-Triassic conodont data from Selong (Tibet) and the youngest occurrence of Vjalovognathus. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 146. pp. 152-167. ISSN 1367-9120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.05.014 (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Accepted Manuscript New Permian-Triassic conodont data from Selong (Tibet) and the youngest oc- currence of Vjalovognathus Lina Wang, Paul B. Wignall, Yadong Sun, -
Paleozoic Time Scale and Sea-Level History Sponsored, in Part, By: Time
Paleozoic Time Scale and Sea-Level History Sponsored, in part, by: Time ScaLe R Creator Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 Cen Mesozoic (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.2004) Paleozoic ICS Precambrian and The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G. & Gradstein, F.M., 2008) Paleozoic Sequences -- Haq and Schutter (Science, 2008) Paleozoic Sequences -- Geo- Standard Chronostratigraphy magnetic other studies Mega- Sequences Coastal Onlap and Mean Sea- Paleozoic Long- and Medium- Polarity Permian-Devonian Fusulinids and Benthic Sequences (nomenclature by Level (intermediate term) Short-Term Sea Level Resolution Perm- Ammonoid Zonation Conodont Zonation T-R Cycles Foraminifer Zonation Age Period Epoch Stage Primary of Sloss J. Ogg) 0 100 200m 0 100 200m Devon Sequences Upper Clarkina meishanensis Chang-3 251.5 R T Palaeofusulina sinensis - 251.8 Clarkina yini Parananlingellia end-Perm 252.23 end-Perm Iranites Clarkina changxingensis Changhsingian Chang-2 252.5 252.89 Clarkina subcarinata 253.02 Palaeofusulina minima Clarkina wangi 253.8 Chang-1 253.8 Chang-1? 253.8 254.57 Clarkina orientalis 255 255.12 Araxoceras Paradunbarulla Wuch-2 256.0 Clarkina transcaucasica Tansill/Wuch-2 256.44 Clarkina guangyuanensis Lopingian Wuchiapingian 257.32 Clarkina leveni 258.47 Roadoceras, Doulingoceras Codonofusiella Clarkina asymetrica Clarkina dukouensis Series Illawara 260 Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri 260.4 Wuch-1 260.4 Tansill/Wuch-1 260.5 Tansill/Wuch Clarkina postbitteri -
A Detailed Lower Triassic Conodont Biostratigraphy and Its Implications for the GSSP Candidate of the Induan–Olenekian Boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Progress in Natural Science 18 (2008) 79–90 A detailed Lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy and its implications for the GSSP candidate of the Induan–Olenekian boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province Laishi Zhao a,*, Jinnan Tong a, Zhiming Sun a,b, Michael J. Orchard c a State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China b Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100081, China c Geological Survey of Canada, 101-605 Robson Street, Vancouver, Canada V6B5J3 Received 26 February 2007; received in revised form 24 April 2007; accepted 4 July 2007 Abstract Chaohu is located in a deep part of carbonate ramp on the Lower Yangtze Block, which belonged to the low-latitude eastern Tethyan archipelago during the Early Triassic. Fossils were very rich in the Lower Triassic of Chaohu. Bivalves, ammonoids, conodonts were very common throughout the Lower Triassic, while fish fossils were generally rich in some beds of the upper part. It is one of the most typical sections for the Early Triassic chronostratigraphy in the world. Although various fossils had been studied in the 1980s and 1990s, recent studies based upon new and more detailed collections from the Lower Triassic of Chaohu showed that the conodont zonation needs revision. We collected Lower Triassic conodont fossils from continuous sections of the West Pingdingshan, North Pingdingshan and South Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui Province, and updated zonations were made for each section. Eight conodont zones have been dis- tinguished. They are, in ascending order, Hindeodus typicalis zone, Neogondolella krystyni zone, Neospathodus kummeli zone, Neospath- odus dieneri zone, Neospathodus waageni zone, Neospathodus pingdingshanensis zone, Neospathodus homeri zone, and Neospathodus anhuinensis zone. -
Lower Triassic
Permian / Triassic (236 - 273 Ma time-slice) Time ScaLe R Creator CHRONOS Cen Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.; Cambridge Univ. Press) Mesozoic Paleozoic Sponsored, in part, by: Precambrian {See chapter on the Triassic Period in The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M.; 2008; Cambridge Univ. Press) for potential revisions in Triassic time scale and zonations} ICS Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60. Standard Geo- Ammonites Conodonts Sequences Larger Benthic Foraminifers Dinoflagellate Radiolarians Ostracodes Spores / Pollen Verte- Stage Age Chronostratigraphy magnetic Cysts brates Age Zones Zones Polarity Paleozoic Sequences T-R Major T-R Zones Charo- phytes Period N. America Zones Zonal Markers Global, Tethyan Zones Markers Alpine/Germanic Arctic Epoch Stage Substage Boreal High Boreal Tethyan (Orchard & Tozer, 1997) Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Cycles Cycles Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Zonal Markers Boreal Ostracodes Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Intornites oleshkoi Ladinian Fassanian matutinum curionii curionii Duplicisporites granulatus Ladinian 237.0 Budurovignathus 237.0 Curionii-R Parafrechites Paragondolella? trammeri sublaqueatus Chieseiceras chiesense trammeri - Neogondolella aequidentata Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, T. verrucata Frechites chischa Frechites nevadanus Frechites nevadanus (un-named) Ladinocampe multiperforata K. -
Lower Triassic Conodont Stratigraphy
GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 25. 3-4, Sofia, August. 1995, p. 97-109 Lower Triassic conodont stratigraphy 1 Kiril Budurov , Milan Suda,-2 'Geologica/Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia 1Faculty of Mining and Geology. University of Belgrade, 11 000 Belgrade (submitted 19. 01. 1995; accepted for publication 24. OJ. 1995) K. liyoypoe, II. Cy0a6. Hu:NCHempuac06aJI KOHOOOHmHaJI cmpamui!pa(/jUJI. npoBe,D;eHO KOHO.D;OHTHoe CTpaTHrpacj>H'Iecxoe pac'fJieHeHHe HHliCHero TpHaca c o6cYJK.ll.eHHeM Bonpoca o rpaHHLte nepMb-TpHac. C.D;eJiaHo o6o6w.eHHe H aKTyaJIHJaLtHJI noJI}"feHHbiX .D;aHHbiX Ja nocne.D;HHe ro.n;bl, HO aKLteHT nocTaBJieH Ha pe3yJibTaTbl HCCJie.D;OBaHHJI co6palfHbiX aBTopaMH KOHO.D;OHT H3 fHMaJiaeB H H3 pa3HbiX 'taCTeH EBponbl. KoHBeHLtHOHaJibHall rpaHHI.(a nepMb-TpHac nona.n;aeT B CTpaTHrpacj>H'feCKHH oXBaT Clarkina subcarinata-Anchignathodus typicalis C.-R.-Z., HO xaK aJibHepHaTHBHaJI B03MOlKHOCTb no KOHO.D;OHTaM, aMMOHHTaM H .n;pyrOH cj>ayHe YJCa3aHbl HH3bl Kashmirel/a kumme/i R.-Z. noJIHOe KOHO.D;OH THOe pac'fJieHeHHe HHlKHero TpHaca 060CHOBaHO Ha 14 KOHO.D;OHTHbiX 30Hax, a HMeHHO: .n;JIJI rpHHC6axa (HHlKHHH HHACKHH 11pyc) - C/arkina subcarinata-Anchignathodus typica/is C.-R.-Z., Anchignathodus parvus l.-Z., lsarcicel/a isarcica R.-Z., C/arkina carinata A.-Z.; .n;JIJI .D;HHepcxoro (BepXHHH HHACKHH 11pyc)- Kashmirel/a kummeli R.-Z., N eospathodus dieneri-Neospathodus cristagalli C.-R.-Z. H 'laCTb Kashmirel/a nepalensis R.-Z.; .n;JIJI CMHTCKOfO (HHlKHHH OJieHeKCKHH llpyc) cpe.n;HHe H BepXHHe 'laCTH Kashmirel/a nepa/ensis R.-Z., Neospathodus waageni A.-Z., Scythogondolel/a milleri R.-Z. -
Smithian Platform-Bearing Gondolellid Conodonts from Yiwagou Section, Northwestern China and Implications for Their Geographic Distribution in the Early Triassic
This is a repository copy of Smithian platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts from Yiwagou Section, northwestern China and implications for their geographic distribution in the Early Triassic. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/148042/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Li, H, Jiang, H, Chen, Y et al. (6 more authors) (2019) Smithian platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts from Yiwagou Section, northwestern China and implications for their geographic distribution in the Early Triassic. Journal of Paleontology, 93 (3). pp. 496-511. ISSN 0022-3360 https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.93 © 2019, The Paleontological Society. This article has been published in a revised form in Journal of Paleontology [http://doi.org10.1017/jpa.2018.93]. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason -
The Ammonoid Recovery After the End−Permian Mass Extinction: Evidence from the Iran−Transcaucasia Area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan
The ammonoid recovery after the end−Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran−Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan YURI D. ZAKHAROV and NASRIN MOUSSAVI ABNAVI Zakharov, Y.D. and Moussavi Abnavi, N. 2013. The ammonoid recovery after the end−Permian mass extinction: Evidence from the Iran−Transcaucasia area, Siberia, Primorye, and Kazakhstan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (1): 127–147. Investigations of the Upper Permian strata in the Iran−Transcaucasia resulted in identification of 32 ammonoid genera. The majority of ammonoids in this collection belong to the order Ceratitida (75%). Among Dzhulfian ceratitid ammonoids representatives of the family Araxoceratidae (Otoceratoidea) are most abundant. The assemblage structure changed radically during latest Permian (Dorashamian) time, bringing a domination of the family Dzhulfitidae. The Induan (Lower Triassic) succession in the Verkhoyansk area provided a few groups of ammonoids which are Palaeozoic in type: families Episageceratidae (Episageceras), Xenodiscidae (Aldanoceras and Metophiceras), and Dzhulfitidae (Tompophiceras) and superfamily Otoceratoidea (Otoceras and Vavilovites). It demonstrates the survival of ammonoids belonging to these groups the Permian–Triassic (P–T) boundary extinction event and their quick migration to the vast ar− eas of higher latitudes (together with some representatives of the Mesozoic−type families). Induan–Olenekian ammonoid successions in South Primorye, Mangyshlak, and Arctic Siberia illustrate the high rate of Early Triassic ammonoid recov− ery in both the Tethys and the Boreal realm. New ammonoid taxa are described: Proptychitina subordo nov., Ussuritina subordo nov., Subbalhaeceras shigetai gen. and sp. nov. (Flemingitidae), Mesohedenstroemia olgae sp. nov. (Heden− strormiidae), and Inyoites sedini sp. nov. (Inyoitidae). Key words: Ammonoidea, recovery, Permian, Triassic, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Iran.