Permian / Triassic (236 - 273 Ma time-slice) Time

ScaLe R Creator CHRONOS Cen Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.; Cambridge Univ. Press) Mesozoic Paleozoic Sponsored, in part, by: Precambrian {See chapter on the Triassic Period in The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M.; 2008; Cambridge Univ. Press) for potential revisions in Triassic time scale and zonations} ICS Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.

Standard Geo- Ammonites Conodonts Sequences Larger Benthic Foraminifers Dinoflagellate Radiolarians Ostracodes Spores / Pollen Verte- Stage

Age Chronostratigraphy magnetic Cysts brates Age Zones Zones Polarity Paleozoic Sequences T-R Major T-R Zones Charo- phytes Period N. America Zones Zonal Markers Global, Tethyan Zones Markers Alpine/Germanic Arctic Epoch Stage Substage Boreal High Boreal Tethyan (Orchard & Tozer, 1997) Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Cycles Cycles Tethys (Kozur, 2003) Zonal Markers Boreal Ostracodes

Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Eoprotrachyceras Intornites oleshkoi Ladinian Fassanian matutinum curionii curionii Duplicisporites granulatus Ladinian 237.0 Budurovignathus 237.0 Curionii-R

Parafrechites Paragondolella? trammeri sublaqueatus Chieseiceras chiesense trammeri - Neogondolella

aequidentata Ovalipollis pseudoalatus, T. verrucata Frechites chischa Frechites nevadanus Frechites nevadanus (un-named) Ladinocampe multiperforata K. apiculatus

Nevadites Serpianites serpianensis Amphipopanoceras Camerosporites secatus dzeginense Neogondolella aequidentata Partitisporites spp. "Greece, Italy, "Greece, Italy, Stellatochara Austria, Turkey" Turkey" Austria, Paragondolella ex gr. excelsa hoellvicensis Nevad-N1

Paragondolella? trammeri Illyrian Prodiploxipinus spp. (ornamented), Dyupetalum vicentinensis Ticinites crassus trammeri - Paragondolella T. fisheri, Triassellina ssp. Chasmatosporites spp. alpina Paragondolella? trammeri trammeri, G. G. subtilis J. punctispinosa, K. punctatus Gymnotoceras pseudolonga S. Hemisphere: S. ottii P. hellenica 240 Partitisporites spp., Ovalipollis 240 olenekense G. hanbulogi Pilammina densa pseuodoalatus, Staurosaccites Stellapollenites thiergartii Eogymnotoceras Gymnotoceras Aplococeras avisianum quadrifidus Paragondolella alpina - 240.4 deleeni rotelliformis An4 Kuglerina meieri Paragondolella? trammeri Hungarites Spongosilicar. Italicus

Middle Hungar-N Reitziites reitzi praetrammeri Paragondolella alpina Pilammina densa F. calcaneum

Neogondolella mesotriassica Neogondolella mesotriassica Spongosilicar. transitus Anisian Amphipopanoceras Paraceratites trinodosus Anisian Paraceratites Neogondolella constricta Tetraspinocyrtis laevis asseretoi Neogondolella constricta 241.5 Schreyerites abichii An3 (no dated radiolarians) S.(P.) petersbergensis Paragondolella bifurcata Gladigondolella tethydis, Paragondolella Schr. binodosus excelsus, G. cornuta Paulbrownnimannia judicariensis, Parasepsagon robustus C. cristatus, I. kosankei, Czekanowskites Meandrospira dinarica, Microachrydites fastidioides, V. Hollandites minor Paragondolella ex gr. excelsus, Paulbrownnimannia Meandrospira pusilla jenensis, K. apiculatus

Balat-R gastroplanus Balatonites balatonicus Bal. balatonicus Barantuna cristianensis Pelsonian Paragondolella bifurcata judicariensis Arctohungarites Paulbrownnimannia judicariensis, Triadispora (acme), (T.crassa, T. Cuccoceras cuccense Nicoraella kockeli, G. hanbulogi Pilammina densa kharaulakhensis suspecta, T. plicata) Arctohungarites I. chitonoides Anagymnotoceras varium Tetsaoceras hayesi "unnamed" laevigatus Aghdarbandites Paragondolella bulgarica 242.9 Paroertlispongus C. gunyalensis, A. macrocavatus An2 , Tridiaspora plicata Kocaelia ismidicus diacanthus Bithynian Neogondolella regale Aratisporites saturni, P. Kocae-N Czekanowskites Arctoh. triformis "unnamed" longdonensis Buddhaites haugei Paragondolella bulgarica, G. malayensis , Poland" decipiens Arctoh. ventroplanus Nicomedites osmani budurovi Stellatochara Dyupetalum vicentinensis, C.

243.7 dnjeproviformis nevesi

"Albania, Greece An1 Meandrospira Groenlandites nahwisi Lenotropites caurus Densosporites nejburgii, C. Lenotropites caurus dinarica gunyalensis, J. conmilvinus, D. Arctohungarites bufonis Lenotropites solitarius Neogondolella? regalis insolitus I. chitonoides Densosporites nejburgii Stenopopanoceras Neogondolella? regalis Silberlingites mulleri Paracrochordiceras Hozmadia gifuensis Aegean Grambergia taimyrensis mirabile Triassic

Karangatites evolutus Chiosella timorensis (Triadispora crassa, T. suspects, Alisporites cymbatus [ un-named ] T. plicata) Angustisulcites spp., S. (Cornutisporites) seebergensis, Paracr-N I. chitonoides, A. circumdatus 245 245 245.0 Karang. arkhipovi Chiosella timorensis Meandrospira dinarica Stellapollenites thiergartii 245.0 Keyserlingites Neospathodus waageni, 245.4 Densosporites nejburgii (common), Densoisporites spp. (common), A. Olenekites spiniplicatus [ un-named ] Ol 4 A. spiniger subrobustus Chiosella gondolelloides Scythodondolella milleri Triadispora crassa D. (Triplexisporites) playfordii robustus, P. reticulatus, V. SpR2 Chiosella gondolelloides (?) jenensis Triassospathodus sosioensis Triassospathodus sosioensis (?) Olenikites pilaticus Parasiberites grambergi Toziceras pakistanum Neospathodus triangularis / Neospath. crassatus Triassospathodus triangularis Hozmadia ozawai - Triassospathodus triangularis 246.6 J. punctispinosa Spathian Ol 3 Meandrospira pusilla Parentactinia Neospathodus collinsoni nakatsugaraensis Nordophiceras Triassospathodus homeri Cycloverrutriletes presselensis, L. Neospathodus homeri contrarium brevicula, L. obsoleta SpR1 247.4 triassica

[ un-named ] Tirolites cassianus Icriospathodus collinsoni Ol 2 Porochara C. gunyalensis, J. conmilvinus, Neospathodus dieneri D. insolitus A. robustus Bajarunia euomphala Triassospathodus hungaricus Neogondolella jubata 248.1 Meandrospira pusilla Olenekian Triassospathodus hungaricus Ol 1 Olenekian Early Kraeuseli saeptatus, L. variabilis, 2 Neospathodus waageni - P. disertus, P. fungosus, N. Neospathodus pakistanensis, striatus (common) Anawasachites tardus Wassachites tardus (mixed assemblage) Scythogondolella milleri Scythogondolella milleri Neospathodus cristagalli RADIOLARIANS 1 Neospathodus waageni UNKNOWN Neospathodus waageni - Smithian Euflemingites Neospathodus waageni Lepiskites kolymensis Scythogondolella meeki (un-named) romunderi Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Chengyuania nepalensis Meekoceras gracilitatis

Arctic Stratotypes of Neospathodus pakistanensis SmN1 Stages Triassic Early Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Hedenstr. hedenstroemi Chengyuania nepalensis 249.7 Kingites? korostelevi Neospathodus pakistanensis 249.7 3 Neospathodus dieneri, Hindeodus Stigmosphaerostylus Vavilovites turgidus Neospathodus dieneri typicalis, Neospathodus cristagalli 250.0 Lundbladispora spp. (common), Vavilovites sverdrupi 2 Flemingites rohilla In2 turkensis Pechorosporites spp. (common) 250 250 Vav. sverdrupi Clarkina carinata Lundbladispora spp. (common) Dienerian Neospathodus cristagalli / Sweetospathodus kummeli Sweetospathodus kummeli 1 Rectocornuspira Rectocornuspira kahlori Proptychites candidus [ un-named ] Gyronites frequens Sweetospathodus kummeli Rectocornuspira kahlori globosa ? S. richteri, P. pococki Neospathodus kummeli Clarkina postcarinata Porochara / Clarkina postcarinata In1 kahlori Vladimiriella Induan Propty. strigatus Wordieoceras decipiens Ophiceras connectens Clarkina carinata 250.2 RADIOLARITE GAP of Earliest Induan Isarcicella isarcica U. imperialis, P. pococki Gries- Neogondolella carinata / Clarkina carinata Triassic !! C. chalasta C. chalasta (common) Ophiceras commune Tompophiceras + Oph. tibeticum Isarcicella isarcica Tompophiceras pascoei Hindeodus parvus RADIOLARIANS bachian upper morphaeus Ot. woodwardi (upper) Hindeodus parvus Isarcicella isarcica 251.0 Otoceras boreale Otoceras woodwardi UNKNOWN 251.0 GN1 lower Otoceras boreale Otoceras boreale Ot. woodwardi (lower) 251.2 Otoceras concavum Otoceras concavum Clarkina meishanensis - H. Hindeodus parvus RADIOLARITE GAP of Earliest [ un-named ] end-Perm Triassic !! praeparvus Clarkina meishanensis Clarkina hauschkei Pseudotirolites Clarkina yini

Clarkina changxingensis Paleofusulina Paratirolites Clarkina subcarinata

Changhsingian Clarkina wangi Changhsingian Iranites 253.8 Clarkina wangi 253.8

Araxoceras Clarkina orientalis 255 255

Colaniella Lopingian Anderssonoceras Clarkina transcaucasica

endothiodontid/ dicynodontid empire Clarkina guangyuanensis Wuchiapingian Wuchiapingian Wuchiapingian

Clarkina leveni Series Illawara Clarkina asymetrica

Clarkina dukouensis 260 260 Lepidolina 260.4 Clarkina postbitteri Clarkina postbitteri 260.4 Roadoceras-Doulingoceras

Jinogondolella altudaensis

Yabeina Permian Capitanian Capitanian Timorites Jinogondolella Polydiexodina postserrata

265 265 Neoschwagerina magaritae 265.8 Jinogondolella postserrata 265.8 Guadalupian

Wordian Jinogondolella aserrata Neoschwagerina Wordian

Waagenoceras 268.0 Jinogondolella aserrata 268.0 tapinocephalid empire Cancellina cutalensis

Jinogondolella Roadian nankingensis Roadian

Hyperchron 270 270 Demarezites

270.6 Kiaman Reversed-polarity Jinogondolella nankingensis 270.6

Neostreptognathodus Misellina sulcoplicatus Pseudovidrioceras Cisuralian Kungurian Kungurian Neostreptognathodus pequopensis Propinacoceras

September 2008