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Forum Translationswissenschaft 1 Fluctuat nec mergitur. Translation und Gesellschaft 2 FORUM TRANSLATIONSWISSENSCHAFT HERAUSGEGEBEN VON LEW N. ZYBATOW Band 4 PETER LANG Frankfurt am Main Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York Oxford Wien 3 FLUCTUAT NEC MERGITUR TRANSLATION UND GESELLSCHAFT FESTSCHRIFT FÜR ANNEMARIE SCHMID ZUM 75 GEBURTSTAG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON PETER SANDRINI PETER LANG Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften 4 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis In eigener Sache....................................................................................................7 Auswahl an Themen aus Annemarie Schmids Publikationstätigkeit..................11 Translationswissenschaft: Selbstbehauptung und Abgrenzung Mary Snell-Hornby, Wien Vorläufer der Translationswissenschaft. Eine Würdigung aus heutiger Sicht....15 Gernot Hebenstreit, Graz Definitionen in der Translationswissenschaft. Vorüberlegungen zum Einsatz terminologischer Methoden in der Metadiskussion............................27 Klaus Kaindl, Wien Perturbation als Kommunikationsprinzip: Zum Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis der Translation.................................................................47 Wolfgang Pöckl, Innsbruck Fußnote zur Fachgeschichte: Deutschsprachige Einführungen in die Übersetzungs-/ Translationswissenschaft ................................................................................59 Hildegund Bühler, Wien Translation(swissenschaft) und Terminologie(wissenschaft) im akademischen Fächerkanon. Versuch einer Klärung.....................................................................................71 Ausbildung im Umbau: Anforderungen und Curricula Wolfram Wilss, Saarbrücken Übersetzungskompetenz......................................................................................85 6 Felix Mayer, München Die Ausbildung von Übersetzern und Dolmetschern in Europa vor dem Hintergrund des Bologna-Prozesses..................................................97 Christiane Böhler, Innsbruck Die Europäische Dimension oder Curricula im Würgegriff der Politik............109 Irmgard Rieder, Innsbruck Von der praktischen Spracherlernung zur translatorischen Kompetenz. Gedan- ken zur Geschichte der Ausbildung und der Curricula in Österreich...........123 Neue Fragen der Translationswissenschaft Barbara Moser-Mercer, Genf Multilingualism in Europe: Can Conference Interpreters Adapt to New Political and Economic Pressures.....................................................135 Lew Zybatow, Innsbruck Cognitive Knowledge Systems and Translation: What happens in the brain of a simultaneous interpreter?............................149 Erich Prunč, Graz Translationsethik...............................................................................................165 Rainer Arntz, Hildesheim Kulturbarrieren und ihre Überwindung beim Verfassen und Übersetzen journalistischer Texte.................................................................195 Peter Sandrini, Innsbruck Spinnweben als Sprachenfalle: Webinhalte als Translationsgegenstand..........209 Autorenverzeichnis............................................................................................223 Personenregister................................................................................................225 Sachregister.......................................................................................................231 7 In eigener Sache In eigener Sache Der Name Annemarie Schmid ist untrennbar mit dem Institut für Translations- wissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck verbunden. Auch wenn ihre aktive Zeit als Professorin am Institut viel zu kurz gedauert hat, so hat sie doch Entscheidendes bewirkt. Das Institut für Translationswissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck blickt auf eine relativ lange Geschichte seit seiner Gründung 1945 zurück. Obwohl es seit seiner Gründung Teil der Leopold-Franzens-Universität ist, war doch die erste Periode gekennzeichnet durch die Beschränkung auf die Ausbildung von Dolmetschern. Auch die Universität und die Geisteswissenschaftliche Fakultät sahen das Dolmetschinstitut eher als eine Art Anhängsel, das zwar da war, aber doch nicht so richtig in den traditionellen Fächerkanon und die Forschungsland- schaft hineinpasste. Eine Reihe von Besonderheiten gegenüber den traditionellen Instituten der Fakultät wie etwa der Romanistik oder der Germanistik prägte diese Phase: • Die zentrale Stellung der Ausbildung, die auch im alten Namen Institut für Übersetzer- und Dolmetscherausbildung zum Ausdruck kam, • die Ausbildung durch Bundeslehrer und externe Lehrbeauftragte ohne For- schungsaufgaben, • das weitgehende Fehlen von Wissenschaft und Forschungsprojekten, • die Leitung durch geschäftsführende Direktoren und das Fehlen von Stellen für Universitätsprofessoren und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter. In dieser Situation gelang Annemarie Schmid, neben ihrer Arbeit als Bundes- lehrerin, die bisher einzige Habilitation am Institut zu verfassen und sich damit auch für die neugeschaffene Professur (1990) zu qualifizieren. Ein Neuanfang bahnte sich an. Die damit zusammenhängenden Aufgaben meisterte Annemarie Schmid mit großem Einsatz und Beharrlichkeit. Dadurch konnte sie einerseits die bestehenden Verwaltungsassistenten in wissenschaftliche Stellen überführen und andererseits auch neue Stellen sowohl im wissenschaftlichen Bereich als auch in der Verwaltung schaffen und besetzen. Ein Großteil der am Institut tätigen wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter, auch der Herausgeber dieses Bandes, verdankt dieser neuen akademischen Ausrichtung und damit der neuen Ordinaria die Möglichkeit, wissenschaftlich arbeiten zu können. Ein Anfang zur Etablierung der Translationswissenschaft auch in Innsbruck war gemacht. 8 In eigener Sache Annemarie Schmid hat in ihrer Zeit als Vorstand des Institutes Diskussionen gefördert, durchaus unterschiedliche Standpunkte zugelassen, um Kompromisse gerungen, auch wenn sie nicht ganz auf ihrer Linie lagen, aber vor allem war sie offen für Neues. Durch diesen Charakterzug konnte sie sich immer wieder für neue Projekte begeistern. So fiel in ihre Zeit die Auseinandersetzung mit dem computergestützten Übersetzen, was am Ende der 80er Jahre keine Selbst- verständlichkeit war; oder auch die Begründung des Terminologieschwer- punktes am Institut, die zur institutseigenen Terminologiedatenbank auf der Grundlage der von den Absolventen durchgeführten terminologischen Ab- schlussarbeiten führte. Darüber hinaus war Annemarie Schmid stets bereit, die Translationswissenschaft nach außen hin zu vertreten und wirkte in mehreren außeruniversitären Forschungsprojekten in Tirol, Vorarlberg und Südtirol mit. Sie unterstrich damit den Anspruch des Institutes für Translationswissenschaft, als Kompetenzzentrum für das Übersetzen und Dolmetschen im regionalen Raum zu wirken. Während meines Studiums habe ich Annemarie Schmid erst sehr spät kennen gelernt, da das Französische nicht zu meinen Sprachen zählte. Als ich mich aber im Rahmen verschiedener Projekte nach meinem Abschluss wieder an das Institut wandte, konnte ich erfahren, mit welcher Bereitschaft und Offenheit sie ihr Fach vertrat. Nicht nur unterstützte sie mich ohne zu zögern in den Projekt- arbeiten zur Planung einer Terminologiedatenbank für Südtirol und nahm an etlichen Arbeitssitzungen teil, sondern stellte ebenso ihre Kollegialität bei der Gründung des Südtiroler Landesverbandes der Übersetzer unter Beweis. Persönlich bin ich Annemarie Schmid in zweifacher Hinsicht zu Dank verpflich- tet: Für das Interesse und die Begeisterung, die sie durch ihren Einsatz imstande war, bei mir für unser Fach auszulösen, wodurch sie in meinem Bewußtsein erst die Voraussetzung für die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Übersetzen und der Terminologie geschaffen hat; sowie für die konkrete Möglichkeit der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Der im Titel dieses Sammelbandes genannte lateinische Aphorismus bringt uns Annemarie Schmid gleich auf mehreren Wegen näher. Fluctuat nec mergitur steht als Inschrift im Stadtwappen von Paris und stellt damit einen Nexus zur französischen Kultur dar, die für Annemarie Schmid einen besonderen Stellenwert innehatte. So hatte sie bereits sehr früh durch die historischen Begebenheiten in Tirol nach dem 2. Weltkrieg die französische Sprache erlernt - der westliche Teil Österreichs war damals unter der Besatzung französischer Truppen - und auch über die Tätigkeit ihrer Familie erfolgreich eingesetzt. Die französische Sprache und Kultur war dann auch neben dem Englischen Gegenstand ihres Studiums, ihrer Forschung im Rahmen der Habilitation und ihrer Lehrtätigkeit an der Schule und an der Universität. Dieser Leitspruch 9 In eigener Sache bringt uns Annemarie Schmid natürlich auch über die philologische Bildung näher, der sie sich zeitlebens durch ihre Ausbildung – sie studierte nach der Lehrerausbildung Romanistik und Anglistik - verpflichtet fühlte. Zur Trans- lationswissenschaft kam Annemarie Schmid relativ spät in ihrer Laufbahn, obwohl sie sich mit dem Übersetzen und der Übersetzungsdidaktik als Lehrerin bereits eine lange Berufserfahrung angeeignet hatte. Der als Titel gewählte Leitspruch läßt sich wahrscheinlich ebenso auf die frühe Phase des wissenschaftlichen Weges von Annemarie Schmid anwenden. Ein zwischen Sprachwissenschaft und Übersetzungswissenschaft fluktuierendes Suchen nach dem „Weg ohne Markierung“, wie sie es selbst beschreibt (vgl. Schmid 2004: 315). Der Leitspruch gilt aber vor allem für den Weg der Translationswissenschaft im ausgehenden 20. und beginnendem 21 Jahrhundert - eine Zeit, die geprägt war von entscheidenden Veränderungen
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