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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 087 643 SO 006 270 AUTHOR Bredamas, John; And Others TITLE International Education: Past, Present, Problems and Prospects. Selected Readings to Supplement H.R. 14643. House Document Number 527. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. House Committee on Education and Labor. PUB DATE Oct 66 NOTE 576p.; Out of Print from Superintendent of Documents; Readings to supplement H. R. 14643; Prepared by the House Task Force on International Education EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$19.74 DESCRIPTORS Area Studies; Bibliographies; *Cross Cultural Studies; Curriculum Development; Educational Improvement; Educational Legislation; Exchange Programs; Federal Legislation; *Foreign Culture; Foreign Relations; Foreign Students; Government Publications; Higher Education; Institutional Role; *International Education; *Student Exchange Programs; Study Abroad; *World Affairs IDENTIFIERS *International Education Act of 1963 ABSTRACT A selection of important readings from the existing literature in the field of international education is brought together in this volume, printed to serve as a guide for members of the House Committee on Education and Labor and the Congress in understanding the tasks for which the International Education Act of 1963, H.R. 14643, gives support. It is cLaracterized as a comprehensive and substantive compilation of searching and instructive treatises on a broad spectrum of problems and issues in international education. In its consideration of the Act, the Task Force on International Education focused on the development of the capacity of our own institutions of higher education to reach and conduct research about foreign lands and world problems. The readings are organized under the following topic headings: higher education and world affairs; internationalizing th9 curriculum; educational exchanges; education for development; organizing for international education; and international education. A bibliography lists books, conference reports, papers, speeches, and journal articles in the categories of higher education and world affairs, curriculum educational exchanges, US oversea activities, cooperative educational efforts, and resource materials. (Author/KSM) (APARTMENT OF MEAL TM EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF 99th, Congress, 2d Sea EDUC A TION Ilse Document No. 527 III I h.f ut I 140M $1 . ' .I ,.1i4 +IYINIONS NW NI kI '4I ho Ic4, 44' if UV 0,, A ,IC14 '..`4 '4 4111 r INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION: PAST, PRESENT, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS co C, SELECTED READINGS TO SUPPLEMENT H.R. 14643 PREPARED BY THE TASK YORCE ON INTERNATIONALEDUCATION JOHN BRADEMAS, Chairman COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 1966 Printed for use of the House Committee on Education and Labor ADAM C. POWELL; Chairman 89th Congress, 2d Session - House Document No. 527 INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION: PAST, PRESENT, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS SELECTED READINGS TO SUPPLEMENT H.R. 14643 PREPARED BY THE TASK FORCE ON INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION JOHN BRADEMAS,Chairman COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OCTOBER 1966 Printed for use of the House Committee on Education and Labor ADAM C. POWELL,Chairman U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 70-264 0 WASHINGTON :1966 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing °Mee Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.75 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR D.SI C. POWELL, New York, Chairman CARL D. PERKINS, Kentucky WILLIAM II..:YRES, Ohio EDITH GREEN, Oregon ALBERT II. QUIE, Minnesota FRANK THOMPSON, JR., New Jersey CHARLES E. GOODELL, New York ELMER J. HOLLAND, Pennsylvania JOHN M. ASIIBROOK, Ohio JOHN II. DENT, Pennsylvania DAVE MARTIN, Nebraska ROMAN C. PUCINSKI, Illinois ALPHONZO BELL, California I)OMINICK V. DANIELS, New Jersey OGDEN R. REID, New York JOHN BRADEMAS, Indiana GLENN ANDREWS, Alabama JAMES G. O'HARA, Michigan EDWARD J. GURNEY, Florida RALPH .1. SC(YPT, North Carolina JOHN N. ERLENBORN, Illinois 1117(111 L. CAREY, New York AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, California t'ARINON It. SICKLES. Maryland SAM GIBBONS, Florida WILLIAM D. FORD, Michigan WILLIAM D. HATHAWAY, Maine PATSY T. MINK, Hawaii JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York LLOYD MEEDS, Washington PHILLIP BURTON. California LOUIE MAIOENNEDARGANs, Chief Clerk Russo:Lt. C.DERRICKSON,Staff Director C. SUMNERSrroxs, Special Assistant to the Chairman DR. EUNICE S. MATTHEW,Education Chief LEON ABRAMSON,Chief Counsel for LaborManagement ODELL CLARK,Chief Investigator TERESA CALABRESE,Administrative Assistant to the Chairman Nliett.olt. J.BERNSTEIN,Minority Counsel for Education and Labor Co.tto.Es W.RADCLIFFE,Special Education Counsel for Minority TASK FORCE ON INTERNATIONA., EDUCATION JOHN BRADEMAS, Indiana, Chairman AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, California WILLIAM H. AYRES, Ohio CARLTON It. SICKLES, Maryland ALBERT II. QUIE, Minnesota WILLIAM D. FORD, Michigan ALPHONZO BELL, California WILLIAM D. HTHAAVAY. Maine PATSY 1'. MINK. Hawaii II H. Con. Res. 1007 Passed October 17, 1966 EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AT THE SECOND SESSION Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the tenth day of January, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-six Concurrent Resolution Besot red by the Ilwtse of llepresentotives (the Senate concurring), That the document entitled "International Education: Past, Present, Problems and Prospects,- a report by the Task Force on International Education of tl:e Committee on Education and Labor, House. of Repre- sentat ices, be printed as a House document and that an additional seven thousand copies be printed for the use of the Committee on Edu- cation and Labor of the House of Rep. 'sentatives. Attest : RA LPII R. ROBERTS, Clerk of the House of Representatives. .Attest : FRAN-cis R. VA LEO, ,ceretary of the Senate. III CONTENTS Page LETTER OF TRA NSMITTAL IX FORE WORD- - - - XI HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORLD AFFAIRS 1 EDUCATION FOR A WORLD COMMUNITY 1 International Education: Shadow and Substance by Stephen K. Bailey 1 American Responsibilities in International Education by Frank Bowles 8 THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT.. 16 President's Message on International Education by Lyndon B. Johnson 16 The Federal Government and the Universities by Kenneth W. Mildenberger 23 THE ROLE OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES 30 The Present World Challenge to Higher Education by Claude S. Phillips, Jr 30 The University in Our Civilization by John W. Gardner 40 The University in World Affairs: An Introduction by William W. Marvel 46 The College and University in International Affairs by the trustees of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching 52 Peace, Understanding and Education by, Ilorn.n. D. Babbidge, Jr_ 56 The Bole of the University in Developing World Community by Paul A. Miller 62 The Enlisted University by Steven Muller 73 The International Programs of American Universities by the Institute of AdvancN1 Projects, East-West Center 78 The University and World Affairs by the Committee on the University and World Affairs_ 84 FOUNDATIONS AND WORLD AFFAIRS EDUCATION -- 90 The Hole or the Foundations by George M. Beckmann 90 INTERNATIONALIZING THE CURRICULUM 101 LIBERAL LEARNING IN A CHANGING WORLD 101 Undergraduate Education in Foreign Affairs by Percy W. Bidwell_ 101 The College and World Affairs, a report of the Committee on the College and World Affairs 106 Retooling for a New Liberal Arts Program by Warren L. Hick- Man 116 Toward a Universal Curriculum by F. Champion Ward 120 Undergraduate International Programs: A Rationale and an Approach by Wallace L. Anderson 125 The World in Higher Education by C. Easton Bothwell 130 Russian and Other Non-Western Areas in Undergraduate Edu- cation by Robert F. Byrnes and John M. Thompson_ 133 Asian Studies for Undergraduates by William Theodore de Bary_ _ 155 Teaching Materials for Foreign Area Instruction by Robert F. Byrnes_ 161 The Challenge for Foreign Area Studies by Richard M. Morse_ _ 168 LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDIES 178 The Leadership of the Universities by George F. Taylor 178 N DIE Langange and Area Centers by Donald N. Bigelow and Lyman II. Legters 188 Colgate University by Theodore Herman 197 The State University College at New Paltz, New York by the Commission on International Understanding, Association of American Colleges 202 New Graduate Programs in Modern Foreign Languages by Day- mond Turner 211 VI CONTENTS INTERNATIONALIZING THE CURRICULUMContinued, LANGUAGE AND AREA STUDIESContintwd Recomme,niations 811(1 Suggestions by the Commission on Inter-Page national Undk Tstanding, Associat ion of American Colleges_ _ _ _ 216 What Should Be ti:... Mule of Area Programs in the 60s? by Ward Morehouse 22I Undergraduate InstructioninCriticalLanguages and Area Studies by the Conference on Undergraduate Instruction in Critical Languages and Area Studies 230 Summary and Recommendations by the Princeton University Conference on Foreign Language and Area Studies in the United States_ 233 Conference Report by the Conference on Critical Languages in Liberal Arts Colleges 237 TEACHING RESOURCES 239 Strengthening the Faculty and Teaching Resources by the Com- mittee on the College and World Affairs 239 Teacher Education for International Goals byII.Kenneth Barker_ 247 LIBRARY RESOURCE'S 252 Area Studies and Library Resources by Chauncy D. Harris 252 The General Research Library and Area-Studies Programs by Frederick II. Wagman_ 255 The NEED FOR RESEARCH 266 UniversityResponsibilitiesandInternationalDevelopment Research by Ralph Smuckler 266 The Quality of Aid-by David E. Bell 281 Educational Development by R. Freeman Butts 283 THE ETHICS
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  • India-Japan Cultural Syncretism Reflected in Japanese Pantheon of Deities Siddharth Singh Director, Vivekananda Cultural Centre

    India-Japan Cultural Syncretism Reflected in Japanese Pantheon of Deities Siddharth Singh Director, Vivekananda Cultural Centre

    India-Japan Cultural syncretism reflected in Japanese Pantheon of deities Siddharth Singh Director, Vivekananda Cultural Centre, Embassy of India, Tokyo “India is culturally, Mother of Japan. For centuries it has, in her own characteristic way, been exercising her influence on the thought and culture of Japan. …..without Indian influence, Japanese culture would not be what it is today. As most Japanese profess the Buddhist faith, needless to say, they have generally been influenced by Indian ideas to a great extent.” [1] Hajime Nakamura “It is very important for the Japanese to know that in the bottom of Japanese culture, Indian culture is very firmly imprinted.”[2] Yasukuni Enoki, Former Ambassador of Japan to India It is pertinent to know how closely Indian culture is embedded in the Japanese past and present and a bright example of such deeper linkages is Japanese temples containing the statues of various deities. Numerous major and minor deities, ubiquitously present in Japanese temples, have their origin in the ancient Indian pantheon of gods and goddesses, but since these deities were introduced to Japan via China with Chinese names, Japanese people, in most of the cases, are unaware of their origins. There are well-theorized claims that establish the introduction of Indian culture to Japan even before the formal introduction of Buddhism from Korea in 552 CE. According to the Book of Liang, which was written in 635, five Buddhist monks from the Gandhara region of India traveled to Japan during the Kofun period (250-538 CE) in 467 CE. [3] After the arrival of Buddhism, Aryadhamma, a Buddhist monk from Rajgriha (Bihar, India) seems to have entered Japan via China in 645 CE,[4] much before Bodhisena’s arrival at Naniwa (Osaka).