Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 33
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Transportation Energy Data Book Quick Facts Petroleum • The U.S. produces 10 million barrels of petroleum per day (M bpd), or 12% of the world’s 85.35M bpd. • The U.S. consumes 18.6 M bpd, or 21% of the world’s 88.3 M bpd. • U.S. transportation petroleum use is 67% of total U.S. petroleum use. • U.S. transportation petroleum use is 126% of total U.S. petroleum production. • Petroleum comprises 92% of U.S. transportation energy use. • Cars and light trucks account for 63% of U.S. transportation petroleum use. • Medium trucks (Class 3-6) account for 4% of U.S. transportation petroleum use. • Heavy trucks (Class 7-8) account for 17% of U.S. transportation petroleum use. Energy • U.S. transportation energy use accounts for 28% of total U.S. energy use. • In 2011, 98% of ethanol consumed in the U.S. is consumed as ethanol in gasohol (E10). • Cars and light trucks account for 59% of U.S. transportation energy use. • Medium trucks account for 5% of U.S. transportation energy use. • Heavy trucks account for 17% of U.S. transportation energy use. Light Vehicle Characteristics • There are 111,290 cars and 120,847 light trucks in the U.S. (232,137 total light vehicles). • U.S. cars: o 7,586,000 cars were sold in 2013. o The average age of a U.S. car is 11.4 years; the average car lifetime is 16.9 years. o The average fuel economy for the U.S. car fleet (all cars on the road today) is 24.9 mpg. o Cars comprise 50% of new light vehicle sales. • U.S. light trucks: o 7,693,000 light trucks were sold in 2013. o The average age of a U.S. light truck is 11.3 years; the average light truck lifetime is 15.5 years. o The average fuel economy for the U.S. light truck fleet (all light trucks on the road today) is 18.5 mpg. o Light trucks comprise 50% of new light vehicle sales. • There were 8,716,720 fleet vehicles in 2013: 4,438,330 cars and 4,278,390 trucks. • U.S. car registrations account for 16% of total world car registrations. • U.S. truck and bus registrations account for 38% of total world truck and bus registrations. • The average U.S. household vehicle travels 11,300 miles per year (2009 NHTS). Heavy Truck Characteristics • 10,659,000 heavy trucks were registered in the U.S. in 2012. • In 2002 (the last time a survey was conducted), heavy trucks accounted for 80% of medium and heavy truck fuel use. Note: Data are for calendar year 2012 or 2013 unless otherwise noted. ORNL-6990 (Edition 33 of ORNL-5198) Center for Transportation Analysis Energy and Transportation Science Division TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 33 Stacy C. Davis Susan W. Diegel Oak Ridge National Laboratory Robert G. Boundy Roltek, Inc. July 2014 Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 33 can be found online at: cta.ornl.gov/data Prepared for the Vehicle Technologies Office Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy U.S. Department of Energy Prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6073 Managed by UT-BATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY Reports produced after January 1, 1996, are generally available free via the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Information Bridge: Website: http://www.osti.gov/bridge Reports produced before January 1, 1996, may be purchased by members of the public from the following source: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Telephone: 703-605-6000 (1-800-553-6847) TDD: 703-487-4639 Fax: 703-605-6900 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.ntis.gov/support/ordernowabout.htm Reports are available to DOE employees, DOE contractors, Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE) representatives, and International Nuclear Information System (INIS) representatives from the following source: Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831 Telephone: 865-576-8401 Fax: 865-576-5728 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.osti.gov/contact.html This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Users of the Transportation Energy Data Book are encouraged to comment on errors, omissions, emphases, and organization of this report to one of the persons listed below. Requests for additional complementary copies of this report, additional data, or information on an existing table should be referred to Ms. Stacy Davis, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Stacy C. Davis Oak Ridge National Laboratory National Transportation Research Center 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, Tennessee 37932 Telephone: (865) 946-1256 FAX: (865) 946-1314 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: cta.ornl.gov/data Jacob W. Ward Vehicle Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Department of Energy, EE-2G Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20585 Telephone: (202) 586-7606 FAX: (202) 586-1600 E-mail: [email protected] Website Location: vehicles.energy.gov Spreadsheets of the tables in the Transportation Energy Data Book can be found on the web at: cta.ornl.gov/data Find useful data and information in other U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Data Books. Vehicle Technologies Market Report: cta.ornl.gov/vtmarketreport Biomass Energy Data Book: cta.ornl.gov/bedb Buildings Energy Data Book: www.btscoredatabook.net Hydrogen Data Book: hydrogen.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/hydrogen/article/103 v TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... xix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... xxi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... xxiii INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................xxv CHAPTER 1 PETROLEUM ................................................................................................1–1 Table 1.1 Proved Reserves of Crude Oil and Natural Gas, 1980–2012............................1–2 Table 1.2 World Crude Oil Production, 1960–2013 .........................................................1–3 Table 1.3 World Petroleum Production, 1973–2013 ........................................................1–4 Table 1.4 World Petroleum Consumption, 1960–2012 ....................................................1–5 Figure 1.1 World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2012 ................................1–6 Table 1.5 World Oil Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2012 ................................1–6 Figure 1.2 World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2012 .................1–7 Table 1.6 World Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption, 2012 ..................1–7 Table 1.7 U.S. Petroleum Imports, 1960–2013.................................................................1–8 Table 1.8 Imported Crude Oil by Country of Origin, 1973-2013 .....................................1–9 Table 1.9 Crude Oil Supplies, 1973-2013.......................................................................1–10 Figure 1.3 Oil Price and Economic Growth, 1970–2013.................................................1–11 Figure 1.4 Costs of Oil Dependence to the U.S. Economy, 1970–2012 ...........................1–12 Figure 1.5 Refinery Gross Output by World Region, 2003 and 2013 ..............................1–13 Table 1.10 U.S. Refinery Input of Crude Oil and Petroleum Products, 1987–2012.........1–14 Table 1.11 U.S. Refinery Yield of Petroleum Products from a Barrel of Crude Oil, 1978–2013.......................................................................................................1–15 Table 1.12 United States Petroleum Production, Imports and Exports, 1950–2013 ........1–16 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 33—2014 vi Table 1.13 Petroleum Production and Transportation Petroleum Consumption in Context, 1950–2013 ........................................................................................1–17 Figure 1.6 United States Petroleum Production and Consumption – All Sectors, 1973–2040.......................................................................................................1–18 Figure 1.7 United States Petroleum Production, and Transportation Consumption, 1970–2040.......................................................................................................1–19 Table 1.14 Consumption of Petroleum by End-Use Sector, 1973–2013 ..........................1–20 Table 1.15 Highway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2012 ......1–21 Table 1.16 Nonhighway Transportation Petroleum Consumption by Mode, 1970–2012.......................................................................................................1–22