DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 491 Electrical Measuring and Test Instruments

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 491 Electrical Measuring and Test Instruments S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 REVISION 1 NAVAL SHIPS’ TECHNICAL MANUAL CHAPTER 491 ELECTRICAL MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS THIS CHAPTER SUPERSEDES CHAPTER 491, DATED 1 AUGUST 1976 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT B: DISTRIBUTION AUTHORIZED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ONLY; ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL USE (1 AUGUST 1976). OTHER REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE REFERRED TO THE NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (SEA-03Z71). WARNING: THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS TECHINCAL DATA WHOSE EXPORT IS RESTRICTED BY THE ARMS EXPORT CONTROL ACT (TITLE 22, U.S.C.,SEC. 2751, ET SEQ.) OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 12470. VIOLATIONS OF THESE EXPORT LAWS ARE SUBJECT TO SEVERE CRIMINAL PENALTIES. DISSEMINATE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PROVISIONS OF OPNAVINST 5510.161, REFERENCE (JJ). DESTRUCTION NOTICE: DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLO- SURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT. PUBLISHED BY DIRECTION OF COMMANDER, NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND 1 SEP 1999 TITLE-1 @@FIpgtype@@TITLE@@!FIpgtype@@ S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 Certification Sheet TITLE-2 S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter/Paragraph Page 491 ELECTRICAL MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS ............ 491-1 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION .................................... 491-1 491-1.1 SCOPE OF CHAPTER .................................. 491-1 491-1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF INSTRUMENTS ........................ 491-1 491-1.3 PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS .............................. 491-2 491-1.3.1 ALLOCATION. .................................. 491-2 491-1.3.2 INTERCHANGE. ................................. 491-3 491-1.4 SHOCK RESISTANCE .................................. 491-3 SECTION 2. DESCRIPTION AND SPECIAL OPERATING PRECAUTIONS ......... 491-3 491-2.1 CURRENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ...................... 491-3 491-2.1.1 GALVANOMETERS. ............................... 491-3 491-2.1.2 AMMETERS. ................................... 491-4 491-2.1.3 CONSTRUCTION OF DIRECT-CURRENT INSTRUMENTS. ........ 491-4 491-2.1.4 CONSTRUCTION OF ALTERNATING-CURRENT INSTRUMENTS. 491-4 491-2.1.5 SPLIT CORE AMMETERS. ........................... 491-4 491-2.1.6 SHUNTS. ..................................... 491-5 491-2.1.7 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS. ......................... 491-5 491-2.1.8 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS IN THE USE OF CURRENT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. ................................ 491-6 491-2.2 VOLTAGE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ....................... 491-6 491-2.2.1 VOLTAGE TESTER. ............................... 491-6 491-2.2.2 VOLTMETERS. .................................. 491-6 491-2.2.3 MULTIPLIERS. .................................. 491-7 491-2.2.4 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS. ........................ 491-7 491-2.2.5 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS IN USE OF VOLTAGE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. ................................ 491-7 491-2.3 POWER MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ........................ 491-8 491-2.3.1 POWER MEASUREMENTS. .......................... 491-8 491-2.3.2 WATTMETERS. .................................. 491-8 491-2.3.3 MEASUREMENT OF THREE-PHASE POWER WITH SINGLE-PHASE WATTMETERS. ................................ 491-8 491-2.3.4 THREE-PHASE WATTMETERS. ........................ 491-9 491-2.3.5 VARMETERS. .................................. 491-9 491-2.3.6 PRECAUTIONS IN USE OF WATTMETERS. ................ 491-9 491-2.4 ENERGY AND AMPERE-HOUR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ..........491-10 491-2.4.1 WATT-HOUR METERS. .............................491-10 i S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 491-2.4.2 DIRECT-CURRENT WATT-HOUR METERS AND AMPERE-HOUR METERS. ....................................491-10 491-2.4.3 ALTERNATING-CURRENT WATT-HOUR METERS. ............491-10 491-2.5 ALTERNATING-CURRENT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTIC-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ....................................491-11 491-2.5.1 GENERAL FEATURES. .............................491-11 491-2.5.2 FREQUENCY METERS. .............................491-11 491-2.5.3 POWER FACTOR METERS. ..........................491-11 491-2.5.4 SYNCHROSCOPES. ...............................491-11 491-2.5.5 PHASE ROTATION OR PHASE SEQUENCE INDICATORS. ........491-12 491-2.5.6 EXCITATION INDICATOR OR STABILITY METER. ............491-12 491-2.5.7 OSCILLOSCOPES. ................................491-12 491-2.6 RESISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS .....................491-14 491-2.6.1 TESTING GENERATORS OR MAGNETOS. .................491-14 491-2.6.2 VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS. ......................491-14 491-2.6.3 RESISTANCE BOX. ...............................491-14 491-2.6.4 DECADE TESTING SETS. ...........................491-14 491-2.6.5 INSULATION RESISTANCE INDICATING INSTRUMENTS. .......491-15 491-2.6.6 GROWLERS. ...................................491-16 491-2.6.7 CURRENT TEST SET. ..............................491-16 491-2.6.8 ELECTRIC TOOL TESTER. ...........................491-17 491-2.7 SPECIAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLIES ........................491-17 491-2.7.1 PORTABLE INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLIES. ..................491-17 491-2.7.1.1 Alternating-Current Power-Circuit Analyzer. ...........491-17 491-2.7.1.2 Volt-Ohm-Milliammeters. ......................491-17 491-2.7.1.3 Stroboscopic Tachometer. ......................491-17 SECTION 3. MAINTAINING ACCURACY OF ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTATION ....491-19 491-3.1 BACKGROUND ......................................491-19 491-3.2 POLICY ...........................................491-19 491-3.2.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-19 491-3.2.2 DEFINITIONS. ..................................491-19 491-3.2.3 FACTORS WHICH AFFECT ACCURACY. ..................491-21 491-3.2.4 FIELD CALIBRATION ACTIVITIES. .....................491-21 491-3.2.5 INITIAL ACCURACY. ..............................491-22 491-3.3 PERIODICITY .......................................491-23 491-3.4 CHECKS AND ADJUSTMENTS .............................491-24 491-3.4.1 ZERO ADJUSTMENT. ..............................491-24 491-3.4.2 PIVOT FRICTION. ................................491-24 491-3.4.3 MECHANICAL BALANCE. ...........................491-24 ii S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued Chapter/Paragraph Page 491-3.4.4 VOLTMETERS AND AMMETERS. ......................491-24 491-3.4.5 WATTMETERS. ..................................491-25 491-3.4.6 WATT-HOUR METERS. .............................491-25 491-3.4.7 FREQUENCY METERS. .............................491-25 491-3.4.8 POWER FACTOR METERS. ..........................491-25 491-3.4.9 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS. ......................491-26 491-3.4.10 RESISTANCE STANDARDS AND DECADE TESTING SETS. .......491-26 491-3.4.11 OHMMETERS AND MEGGERS. ........................491-26 491-3.4.12 VACUUM TUBE AND CAPACITOR ANALYZERS. .............491-26 491-3.4.13 STROBOSCOPIC TACHOMETERS. ......................491-26 SECTION 4. PRECAUTIONS .....................................491-27 491-4.1 GENERAL .........................................491-27 491-4.1.1 OVERVIEW. ....................................491-27 491-4.1.2 USE OF INSTRUCTION BOOKS. .......................491-27 491-4.1.3 NEED FOR PRECAUTIONS. ..........................491-27 491-4.1.4 AVOIDING MECHANICAL SHOCK. .....................491-27 491-4.1.5 AVOIDING EXPOSURE TO STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS. .......491-27 491-4.2 CONNECTING AND USING INSTRUMENTS ....................491-28 491-4.2.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-28 491-4.3 OBTAINING ACCURATE RESULTS ..........................491-29 491-4.3.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-29 491-4.4 USING PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS ..........................491-30 491-4.4.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-30 491-4.5 INSTALLATION OF SWITCHBOARD INSTRUMENTS ...............491-30 491-4.6 ELECTRONIC TYPE INSTRUMENTS USING HIGH VOLTAGES .........491-30 SECTION 5. MAINTENANCE .....................................491-31 491-5.1 ESSENTIALS OF CARE .................................491-31 491-5.1.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-31 491-5.2 LUBRICATION ......................................491-31 491-5.3 SWITCHBOARD INSTRUMENTS ...........................491-32 491-5.4 REPAIRS ..........................................491-32 491-5.4.1 GENERAL. ....................................491-32 491-5.4.2 REPLACEMENT OF CATHODE RAY TUBES. ................491-32 491-5.4.3 REQUISITIONING OF REPLACEMENT METERS. .............491-32 iii S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 491-1-1 ELECTRICAL MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES ON NAVAL SHIPS ................................... 491-2 491-3-1 FLUKE 760A SPECIFICATIONS ............................491-20 491-3-2 INITIAL ACCURACY REQUIREMENTS .......................491-22 iv S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Title Page Certification Sheet ..................................... 0-2 491-2-1 Tag for Stroboscopes ....................................491-19 v S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 NOTE THIS CHAPTER HAS BEEN REFORMATTED FROM DOUBLE COLUMN TO SINGLE COLUMN TO SUPPORT THE NSTM DATABASE. THE CON- TENT OF THIS CHAPTER HAS NOT BEEN CHANGED. vi S9086-Q5-STM-010/CH-491R1 CHAPTER 491 ELECTRICAL MEASURING AND TEST INSTRUMENTS SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION 491-1.1 SCOPE OF CHAPTER 491-1.1.1 This chapter contains engineering information on electrical measuring and test instruments used on board ship. a. These instruments are used principally for measuring basic parameters such as current, voltage, resistance, and speed of rotation, or for general purpose testing of elements that are common to most electrical systems such as fuses, vacuum tubes, and condensers. For convenience the chapter includes a brief description of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mutual Inductance and Transformer Theory Questions: 1 Through 15 Lab Exercise: Transformer Voltage/Current Ratios (Question 61)
    ELTR 115 (AC 2), section 1 Recommended schedule Day 1 Topics: Mutual inductance and transformer theory Questions: 1 through 15 Lab Exercise: Transformer voltage/current ratios (question 61) Day 2 Topics: Transformer step ratio Questions: 16 through 30 Lab Exercise: Auto-transformers (question 62) Day 3 Topics: Maximum power transfer theorem and impedance matching with transformers Questions: 31 through 45 Lab Exercise: Auto-transformers (question 63) Day 4 Topics: Transformer applications, power ratings, and core effects Questions: 46 through 60 Lab Exercise: Differential voltage measurement using the oscilloscope (question 64) Day 5 Exam 1: includes Transformer voltage ratio performance assessment Lab Exercise: work on project Project: Initial project design checked by instructor and components selected (sensitive audio detector circuit recommended) Practice and challenge problems Questions: 66 through the end of the worksheet Impending deadlines Project due at end of ELTR115, Section 3 Question 65: Sample project grading criteria 1 ELTR 115 (AC 2), section 1 Project ideas AC power supply: (Strongly Recommended!) This is basically one-half of an AC/DC power supply circuit, consisting of a line power plug, on/off switch, fuse, indicator lamp, and a step-down transformer. The reason this project idea is strongly recommended is that it may serve as the basis for the recommended power supply project in the next course (ELTR120 – Semiconductors 1). If you build the AC section now, you will not have to re-build an enclosure or any of the line-power circuitry later! Note that the first lab (step-down transformer circuit) may serve as a prototype for this project with just a few additional components.
    [Show full text]
  • Calibration Methods – Nomenclature and Classification
    CHAPTER 8 CALIBRATION METHODS – NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION Paweł Kościelniak Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland ABSTRACT Reviewing the analytical literature, including academic textbooks, one can notice that in fact there is no precise and clear terminology dealing with the analytical calibration. Especially a great confusion exists in nomenclature related to the calibration methods: not only different names are used with reference to a given method, but they do not express the principles and the nature of different methods properly (e.g. "the set of standard method" or "the internal standard method"). The problem mentioned above is of great importance. A lack of good terminology can be a source of misunderstandings and, consequently, can be even a reason of carrying out an analytical treatment against the rules. Finally, the aspect of rather psychological nature is worth to be stressed, namely just an analyst is (or should be at least) especially sensitive to such terms as "order" and "purity" irrespectively of what analytical area is considered. Chapter 8 1 INTRODUCTION Reading the professional literature, one is bound to arrive at the conclusion that in analytical chemistry there is a lack of clearly defined, current nomenclature relating to the problems of analytical calibration. It is characteristic that, among other things, in spite of the inevitable necessity of carrying out calibration in instrumental analysis and the common usage of the term ‘analytical calibration’ itself, it is not defined even in texts on nomenclature problems in chemistry [1,2], or otherwise the definitions are not connected with analytical practice [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Pressure Measuring Instruments
    testo-312-2-3-4-P01 21.08.2012 08:49 Seite 1 We measure it. Pressure measuring instruments For gas and water installers testo 312-2 HPA testo 312-3 testo 312-4 BAR °C www.testo.com testo-312-2-3-4-P02 23.11.2011 14:37 Seite 2 testo 312-2 / testo 312-3 We measure it. Pressure meters for gas and water fitters Use the testo 312-2 fine pressure measuring instrument to testo 312-2 check flue gas draught, differential pressure in the combustion chamber compared with ambient pressure testo 312-2, fine pressure measuring or gas flow pressure with high instrument up to 40/200 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and resolution. Fine pressures with a resolution of 0.01 hPa can calibration protocol be measured in the range from 0 to 40 hPa. Part no. 0632 0313 DVGW approval according to TRGI for pressure settings and pressure tests on a gas boiler. • Switchable precision range with a high resolution • Alarm display when user-defined limit values are • Compensation of measurement fluctuations caused by exceeded temperature • Clear display with time The versatile pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3 testo 312-3 supports load and gas-rightness tests on gas and water pipelines up to 6000 hPa (6 bar) quickly and reliably. testo 312-3 versatile pressure meter up to Everything you need to inspect gas and water pipe 300/600 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and calibration protocol installations: with the electronic pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3, pressure- and gas-tightness can be tested.
    [Show full text]
  • A Measuring Instrument for Multipoint Soil Temperature Underground
    A MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR MULTIPOINT SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDERGROUND Cheng Wang, Chunjiang Zhao * , Xiaojun Qiao, Zhilong Xu National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China, 100097 * Corresponding author, Address: Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road 11#, Beijing, 100097, P. R. China, Tel: +86-10-51503411, Fax: +86-10-51503449, Email: [email protected] Abstract: A new measuring instrument for 10 points soil temperatures in 0–50 centimeters depth underground was designed. System was based on Silicon Laboratories’ MCU C8051F310, single chip digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and other peripheral circuits. It was simultaneously able to measure, memory and display, and also convey data to computer via a standard RS232 interface. Keywords: Multi-point Soil Temperature; Portable; DS18B20; C8051F310 1. INTRODUCTION The temperature of soil is a vital environmental factor, which directly influences the activity of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic substances. It can affect roots absorbing water and mineral elements. It also plays an important role in the growth rate and range of roots. Statistically, roots of most plants are within 50 centimeters underground, so it becomes very significant to measure the soil temperature of different depth in this level. The Soil Temperature Measuring Instruments used nowadays mainly fall into three types, the first type is the measure temperature by making use of the relationship between the soil temperature and the temperature-sensitive resistor. Before using this sort of instruments, the system parameters need to Wang, C., Zhao, C., Qiao, X. and Xu, Z., 2008, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 259; Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 Synchronous Push-Pull PWM Controllers
    LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 Synchronous Push-Pull PWM Controllers FEATURES DESCRIPTIO U ■ High Efficiency Synchronous Push-Pull PWM The LTC®3723-1/LTC3723-2 synchronous push-pull PWM ■ 1.5A Sink, 1A Source Output Drivers controllers provide all of the control and protection func- ■ Supports Push-Pull, Full-Bridge, Half-Bridge, and tions necessary for compact and highly efficient, isolated Forward Topologies power converters. High integration minimizes external ■ Adjustable Push-Pull Dead-Time and Synchronous component count, while preserving design flexibility. Timing The robust push-pull output stages switch at half the ■ Adjustable System Undervoltage Lockout and Hysteresis oscillator frequency. Dead-time is independently pro- ■ Adjustable Leading Edge Blanking grammed with an external resistor. Synchronous rectifier ■ Low Start-Up and Quiescent Currents timing is adjustable to optimize efficiency. A UVLO pro- ■ Current Mode (LTC3723-1) or Voltage Mode gram input provides precise system turn-on and turn off (LTC3723-2) Operation voltages. The LTC3723-1 features peak current mode ■ Single Resistor Slope Compensation control with programmable slope compensation and lead- ■ ing edge blanking, while the LTC3723-2 employs voltage VCC UVLO and 25mA Shunt Regulator ■ Programmable Fixed Frequency Operation to 1MHz mode control with voltage feedforward capability. ■ 50mA Synchronous Output Drivers The LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 feature extremely low operat- ■ Soft-Start, Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting and ing and start-up currents. Both devices provide reliable Hiccup Mode Short-Circuit Protection short-circuit and overtemperature protection. The ■ 5V, 15mA Low Dropout Regulator LTC3723-1/LTC3723-2 are offered in a 16-pin SSOP ■ Available in 16-Pin SSOP Package package.
    [Show full text]
  • Made to Measure. Practical Guide to Electrical Measurements in Low Voltage Switchboards V
    Contact us A 250 500 200 150 V (b) 100 (a) 50 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards A 250 500 ABB SACE The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve 200 the right to modify the contents of this document on the 150 Una divisione di ABB S.p.A. basis of technical development of the products, 100 Apparecchi Modulari without prior notice. 50 0 Viale dell’Industria, 18 Copyright 2010 ABB. All rights reserved. - 1.500 - CAL. 20010 Vittuone (MI) Tel.: 02 9034 1 Fax: 02 9034 7609 bol.it.abb.com www.abb.com V 80 V 60 2CSC445012D0201 - 12/2010 (f) 40 50 Hz 20 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards table of Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements contents in low voltage switchboards 1 Electrical measurements 5.3.2 Current transformers ......................................................... 37 5.3.3 Voltage transformers ......................................................... 38 1.1 Why is it important to measure? .......................................... 3 5.3.4 Shunts for direct current .................................................... 38 1.2 Applicational contexts .......................................................... 4 1.3 Problems connected with energy networks ......................... 4 6 The measurements 1.4 Reducing consumption ........................................................ 7 1.5 Table of charges .................................................................. 8 6.1 TRMS Measurements
    [Show full text]
  • IQ Sensornet Nitravis 701 & 705 IQ Sensors User Manual
    OPERATIONS MANUAL ba76078e03 05/2017 NitraVis 701 IQ NitraVis 705 IQ OPTICAL SENSOR FOR NITRATE NitraVis 70x IQ Contact YSI 1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA Tel: +1 937-767-7241 800-765-4974 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.ysi.com Copyright © 2017 Xylem Inc. 2 ba76078e03 05/2017 NitraVis 70x IQ Contents Contents 1 Overview . 5 1.1 How to use this component operating manual . 5 1.2 Field of application . 6 1.3 Measuring principle of the sensor NitraVis 70x IQ . 6 1.4 Structure of the sensor NitraVis 70x IQ . 7 2 Safety . 8 2.1 Safety information . 8 2.1.1 Safety information in the operating manual . 8 2.1.2 Safety signs on the product . 8 2.1.3 Further documents providing safety information . 8 2.2 Safe operation . 9 2.2.1 Authorized use . 9 2.2.2 Requirements for safe operation . 9 2.2.3 Unauthorized use . 9 3 Commissioning . 10 3.1 IQ SENSORNET system requirements . 10 3.2 Scope of delivery of the NitraVis 70x IQ . 10 3.3 Installation . 11 3.3.1 Mounting the sensor . 11 3.3.2 Mounting the shock protectors . 13 3.3.3 Connecting the sensor to the IQ SENSORNET . 14 3.4 Initial commissioning . 16 3.4.1 General information . 16 3.4.2 Settings . 17 4 Measurement / Operation . 21 4.1 Determination of measured values . 21 4.2 Measurement operation . 22 4.3 Calibration . 22 4.3.1 Overview . 22 4.3.2 User calibration . 25 4.3.3 Sensor check/Zero adjustment .
    [Show full text]
  • THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE the ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design and CONSTRUCTION GUIDE
    THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE THE ULTIMATE Tesla Coil Design AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDE Mitch Tilbury New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-159589-9 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149737-4. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent.
    [Show full text]
  • Bluemeter SIGMA
    WYLER AG Tel. 0041 (0) 52 233 66 66 Im Hölderli Fax. 0041 (0) 52 233 20 53 CH-8405 WINTERTHUR Switzerland Homepage: http://www.wylerag.com E-Mail: [email protected] Manual BlueMETER SIGMA INDEX Subject page 1 BASICS / INTRODUCTION 6 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE BLUEMETER SIGMA 6 1.2 PREPARATION AND START-UP OF THE BLUEMETER SIGMA 6 1.2.1 BATTERIES 6 1.2.2 POSSIBLE CONFIGURATIONS 8 2 INITIAL STARTUP OF THE BLUEMETER SIGMA AND THE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS/SENSORS 10 2.1 CONNECTING THE INSTRUMENTS / CONNECTING OPTIONS ON THE BLUEMETER SIGMA 11 2.2 START UP 12 2.2.1 OPERATING ELEMENTS/SHORT OVERVIEW 12 2.2.1.1 OVERVIEW KEYS AND DISPLAY 12 2.2.1.2 SWITCHING THE INSTRUMENT ON AND OFF 13 2.2.1.3 KEYS / FUNCTIONS / SHORT DESCRIPTIONS OF EACH SINGLE KEY 14 2.3 DISPLAY 16 2.3.1 SCALING OF THE DISPLAY 16 2.3.2 DISPLAY TYPES 16 2.3.3 BACKGROUND COLOUR 19 2.3.4 BRIGHTNESS OF THE DISPLAY 20 2.3.5 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL DISPLAY AREAS 21 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS BLUEMETER SIGMA 22 3.1 FUNCTIONS ON THE BLUEMETER SIGMA / OVERVIEW KEYS AND DISPLAY 22 3.2 STARTING THE BLUEMETER SIGMA 24 3.2.1 START WITH UNCHANGED CONFIGURAATION 24 3.2.2 START WITH A CHANGED CONFIGURATION 25 3.3 REFRESH 26 3.4 SENSOR 26 3.5 ZERO-SETTING / ABSOLUTE ZERO 28 3.5.1 SET ABSOLUTE ZERO (WITH A REVERSAL MEASUREMENT) 28 3.6 SELECTION OF THE MEASURING UNIT / UNIT 30 3.6.1 STANDARD-UNITS 30 3.6.2 UNITS WITH RELATIVE BASE LENGTH 30 3.7 FUNCTION HOLD 31 3.8 FUNCTION SEND (PRINT FUNCTION) 32 3.9 SELECTION OF THE FILTER UNDER DIFFERENT MEASURING CONDITIONS / FILTER 33 3.10 ABSOLUTE
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction Manual Installation Operation Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc
    Instruction Manual Installation Operation Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved Maintenance Motor-Generator Set Synchronous Common Shaft Publication 350-03006-00 (07/18/2012) Kato Engineering, Inc. | P.O. Box 8447 | Mankato, MN USA 56002-8447 | Tel: 507-625-4011 [email protected] | www.KatoEngineering.com | Fax: 507-345-2798 Copyright © 2012 Kato Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................... 4 Foreword..................................................................................... 4 Safety instructions.......................................................................4 Ratings/description......................................................................4 Construction and Operating Principles.................................. 5 Stator...........................................................................................5 Rotor........................................................................................... 5 Brushless exciters....................................................................... 6 Installation................................................................................. 7 Receiving inspection................................................................... 7 Unpacking and moving............................................................... 7 Location...................................................................................... 7 Mounting....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments
    E4329 Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Coordinate Measuring Machines Vision Measuring Systems Form Measurement Optical Measuring Sensor Systems Test Equipment and Seismometers Digital Scale and DRO Systems Small Tool Instruments and Data Management Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments 2 CONTENTS Meaning of Symbols 4 Conformance to CE Marking 5 Micrometers 6 Micrometer Heads 10 Internal Micrometers 14 Calipers 16 Height Gages 18 Dial Indicators/Dial Test Indicators 20 Gauge Blocks 24 Laser Scan Micrometers and Laser Indicators 26 Linear Gages 28 Linear Scales 30 Profile Projectors 32 Microscopes 34 Vision Measuring Machines 36 Surftest (Surface Roughness Testers) 38 Contracer (Contour Measuring Instruments) 40 Roundtest (Roundness Measuring Instruments) 42 Hardness Testing Machines 44 Vibration Measuring Instruments 46 Seismic Observation Equipment 48 Coordinate Measuring Machines 50 3 Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Quick Guide to Precision Measuring Instruments Meaning of Symbols ABSOLUTE Linear Encoder Mitutoyo's technology has realized the absolute position method (absolute method). With this method, you do not have to reset the system to zero after turning it off and then turning it on. The position information recorded on the scale is read every time. The following three types of absolute encoders are available: electrostatic capacitance model, electromagnetic induction model and model combining the electrostatic capacitance and optical methods. These encoders are widely used in a variety of measuring instruments as the length measuring system that can generate highly reliable measurement data. Advantages: 1. No count error occurs even if you move the slider or spindle extremely rapidly. 2. You do not have to reset the system to zero when turning on the system after turning it off*1.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Transformer Theory & Testing
    Current Transformer Theory & Testing Hands On Relay School 2016 Jay Anderson – Omicron [email protected] www.OmicronEnergy.com Agenda • Introduction • Current Transformer Basics • Construction & Types • Industry Standards • Applications • Testing Current Transformer Basics © OMICRON Page 3 Function of Current Transformers • Convert Primary Power Signals to Manageable Values for • Indicating Meters • Revenue Metering • Protective Relay Systems • Power Generation • Plant Monitoring Systems • Fault Recorders • SCADA • Overall Electric Grid Monitoring (Local Dispatch & ISO Level) • Building (Energy) Management Systems (HVAC,refrigeration...) • Load Control January 19, 2016 Page: 4 Current Transformers • Insulation from High Voltages and Currents • Isolation from other systems • Safety • Standardization • Accuracy ( Ratio & Phase) • Typically Low Power Rating • Thermal Considerations • Burden Considerations January 19, 2016 Page: 5 Current Transformers • Insulation Consistent With Voltage Use • Wide Range of Current to Replicate (Unlike VTs) • Metering or Protective Class Ratings • Typically Unprotected • Dangerous When Open Circuited January 19, 2016 Page: 6 Compliance & Standards Instrument Transformers Are Expected to Perform & Conform IEEE ANSI IEC in Europe & Asia NERC Reliability Standards in US Supported standards • IEEE C57.13 standard requirements for instrument transformers • IEEE C57.13.6 standard for high-accuracy instrument transformers • IEC 60044-1 current transformers • IEC 60044-6 requirements for protective current
    [Show full text]