I Introduction to Measurement and Data Analysis
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Check Points for Measuring Instruments
Catalog No. E12024 Check Points for Measuring Instruments Introduction Measurement… the word can mean many things. In the case of length measurement there are many kinds of measuring instrument and corresponding measuring methods. For efficient and accurate measurement, the proper usage of measuring tools and instruments is vital. Additionally, to ensure the long working life of those instruments, care in use and regular maintenance is important. We have put together this booklet to help anyone get the best use from a Mitutoyo measuring instrument for many years, and sincerely hope it will help you. CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOKLET The following symbols are used in this booklet to help the user obtain reliable measurement data through correct instrument operation. correct incorrect CONTENTS Products Used for Maintenance of Measuring Instruments 1 Micrometers Digimatic Outside Micrometers (Coolant Proof Micrometers) 2 Outside Micrometers 3 Holtest Digimatic Holtest (Three-point Bore Micrometers) 4 Holtest (Two-point/Three-point Bore Micrometers) 5 Bore Gages Bore Gages 6 Bore Gages (Small Holes) 7 Calipers ABSOLUTE Coolant Proof Calipers 8 ABSOLUTE Digimatic Calipers 9 Dial Calipers 10 Vernier Calipers 11 ABSOLUTE Inside Calipers 12 Offset Centerline Calipers 13 Height Gages Digimatic Height Gages 14 ABSOLUTE Digimatic Height Gages 15 Vernier Height Gages 16 Dial Height Gages 17 Indicators Digimatic Indicators 18 Dial Indicators 19 Dial Test Indicators (Lever-operated Dial Indicators) 20 Thickness Gages 21 Gauge Blocks Rectangular Gauge Blocks 22 Products Used for Maintenance of Measuring Instruments Mitutoyo products Micrometer oil Maintenance kit for gauge blocks Lubrication and rust-prevention oil Maintenance kit for gauge Order No.207000 blocks includes all the necessary maintenance tools for removing burrs and contamination, and for applying anti-corrosion treatment after use, etc. -
Vernier Caliper and Micrometer Computer Models Using Easy Java Simulation and Its Pedagogical Design Features—Ideas for Augmenting Learning with Real Instruments
Wee, Loo Kang, & Ning, Hwee Tiang. (2014). Vernier caliper and micrometer computer models using Easy Java Simulation and its pedagogical design features—ideas for augmenting learning with real instruments. Physics Education, 49(5), 493. Vernier caliper and micrometer computer models using Easy Java Simulation and its pedagogical design feature-ideas to augment learning with real instruments Loo Kang WEE1, Hwee Tiang NING2 1Ministry of Education, Educational Technology Division, Singapore 2 Ministry of Education, National Junior College, Singapore [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: This article presents the customization of EJS models, used together with actual laboratory instruments, to create an active experiential learning of measurements. The laboratory instruments are the vernier caliper and the micrometer. Three computer model design ideas that complement real equipment are discussed in this article. They are 1) the simple view and associated learning to pen and paper question and the real world, 2) hints, answers, different options of scales and inclusion of zero error and 3) assessment for learning feedback. The initial positive feedback from Singaporean students and educators points to the possibility of these tools being successfully shared and implemented in learning communities, and validated. Educators are encouraged to change the source codes of these computer models to suit their own purposes, licensed creative commons attribution for the benefit of all humankind. Video abstract: http://youtu.be/jHoA5M-_1R4 2015 Resources: http://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-resources/physics/01-measurements/5-vernier-caliper http://iwant2study.org/ospsg/index.php/interactive-resources/physics/01-measurements/6-micrometer Keyword: easy java simulation, active learning, education, teacher professional development, e–learning, applet, design, open source physics PACS: 06.30.Gv 06.30.Bp 1.50.H- 01.50.Lc 07.05.Tp I. -
Calibration Methods – Nomenclature and Classification
CHAPTER 8 CALIBRATION METHODS – NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION Paweł Kościelniak Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland ABSTRACT Reviewing the analytical literature, including academic textbooks, one can notice that in fact there is no precise and clear terminology dealing with the analytical calibration. Especially a great confusion exists in nomenclature related to the calibration methods: not only different names are used with reference to a given method, but they do not express the principles and the nature of different methods properly (e.g. "the set of standard method" or "the internal standard method"). The problem mentioned above is of great importance. A lack of good terminology can be a source of misunderstandings and, consequently, can be even a reason of carrying out an analytical treatment against the rules. Finally, the aspect of rather psychological nature is worth to be stressed, namely just an analyst is (or should be at least) especially sensitive to such terms as "order" and "purity" irrespectively of what analytical area is considered. Chapter 8 1 INTRODUCTION Reading the professional literature, one is bound to arrive at the conclusion that in analytical chemistry there is a lack of clearly defined, current nomenclature relating to the problems of analytical calibration. It is characteristic that, among other things, in spite of the inevitable necessity of carrying out calibration in instrumental analysis and the common usage of the term ‘analytical calibration’ itself, it is not defined even in texts on nomenclature problems in chemistry [1,2], or otherwise the definitions are not connected with analytical practice [3]. -
Pressure Measuring Instruments
testo-312-2-3-4-P01 21.08.2012 08:49 Seite 1 We measure it. Pressure measuring instruments For gas and water installers testo 312-2 HPA testo 312-3 testo 312-4 BAR °C www.testo.com testo-312-2-3-4-P02 23.11.2011 14:37 Seite 2 testo 312-2 / testo 312-3 We measure it. Pressure meters for gas and water fitters Use the testo 312-2 fine pressure measuring instrument to testo 312-2 check flue gas draught, differential pressure in the combustion chamber compared with ambient pressure testo 312-2, fine pressure measuring or gas flow pressure with high instrument up to 40/200 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and resolution. Fine pressures with a resolution of 0.01 hPa can calibration protocol be measured in the range from 0 to 40 hPa. Part no. 0632 0313 DVGW approval according to TRGI for pressure settings and pressure tests on a gas boiler. • Switchable precision range with a high resolution • Alarm display when user-defined limit values are • Compensation of measurement fluctuations caused by exceeded temperature • Clear display with time The versatile pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3 testo 312-3 supports load and gas-rightness tests on gas and water pipelines up to 6000 hPa (6 bar) quickly and reliably. testo 312-3 versatile pressure meter up to Everything you need to inspect gas and water pipe 300/600 hPa, DVGW approval, incl. alarm display, battery and calibration protocol installations: with the electronic pressure measuring instrument testo 312-3, pressure- and gas-tightness can be tested. -
Intro to Measurement Uncertainty 2011
Measurement Uncertainty and Significant Figures There is no such thing as a perfect measurement. Even doing something as simple as measuring the length of a pencil with a ruler is subject to limitations that can affect how close your measurement is to its true value. For example, you need to consider the clarity and accuracy of the scale on the ruler. What is the smallest subdivision of the ruler scale? How thick are the black lines that indicate centimeters and millimeters? Such ideas are important in understanding the limitations of use of a ruler, just as with any measuring device. The degree to which a measured quantity compares to the true value of the measurement describes the accuracy of the measurement. Most measuring instruments you will use in physics lab are quite accurate when used properly. However, even when an instrument is used properly, it is quite normal for different people to get slightly different values when measuring the same quantity. When using a ruler, perception of when an object is best lined up against the ruler scale may vary from person to person. Sometimes a measurement must be taken under less than ideal conditions, such as at an awkward angle or against a rough surface. As a result, if the measurement is repeated by different people (or even by the same person) the measured value can vary slightly. The degree to which repeated measurements of the same quantity differ describes the precision of the measurement. Because of limitations both in the accuracy and precision of measurements, you can never expect to be able to make an exact measurement. -
The Gage Block Handbook
AlllQM bSflim PUBUCATIONS NIST Monograph 180 The Gage Block Handbook Ted Doiron and John S. Beers United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration NET National Institute of Standards and Technology The National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal -
A Measuring Instrument for Multipoint Soil Temperature Underground
A MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR MULTIPOINT SOIL TEMPERATURE UNDERGROUND Cheng Wang, Chunjiang Zhao * , Xiaojun Qiao, Zhilong Xu National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China, 100097 * Corresponding author, Address: Shuguang Huayuan Middle Road 11#, Beijing, 100097, P. R. China, Tel: +86-10-51503411, Fax: +86-10-51503449, Email: [email protected] Abstract: A new measuring instrument for 10 points soil temperatures in 0–50 centimeters depth underground was designed. System was based on Silicon Laboratories’ MCU C8051F310, single chip digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and other peripheral circuits. It was simultaneously able to measure, memory and display, and also convey data to computer via a standard RS232 interface. Keywords: Multi-point Soil Temperature; Portable; DS18B20; C8051F310 1. INTRODUCTION The temperature of soil is a vital environmental factor, which directly influences the activity of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic substances. It can affect roots absorbing water and mineral elements. It also plays an important role in the growth rate and range of roots. Statistically, roots of most plants are within 50 centimeters underground, so it becomes very significant to measure the soil temperature of different depth in this level. The Soil Temperature Measuring Instruments used nowadays mainly fall into three types, the first type is the measure temperature by making use of the relationship between the soil temperature and the temperature-sensitive resistor. Before using this sort of instruments, the system parameters need to Wang, C., Zhao, C., Qiao, X. and Xu, Z., 2008, in IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Volume 259; Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, Vol. -
Surftest SJ-400
Form Measurement Surftest SJ-400 Bulletin No. 2013 Aurora, Illinois (Corporate Headquarters) (630) 978-5385 Westford, Massachusetts (978) 692-8765 Portable Surface Roughness Tester Huntersville, North Carolina (704) 875-8332 Mason, Ohio (513) 754-0709 Plymouth, Michigan (734) 459-2810 City of Industry, California (626) 961-9661 Kirkland, Washington (408) 396-4428 Surftest SJ-400 Series Revolutionary New Portable Surface Roughness Testers Make Their Debut Long-awaited performance and functionality are here: compact design, skidless and high-accuracy roughness measurements, multi-functionality and ease of operation. Requirement Requirement High-accuracy1 measurements with 3 Cylinder surface roughness measurements with a hand-held tester a hand-held tester A wide range, high-resolution detector and an ultra-straight drive The skidless measurement and R-surface compensation functions unit provide class-leading accuracy. make it possible to evaluate cylinder surface roughness. Detector Measuring range: 800µm Resolution: 0.000125µm (on 8µm range) Drive unit Straightness/traverse length SJ-401: 0.3µm/.98"(25mm) SJ-402: 0.5µm/1.96"(50mm) SJ-401 SJ-402 SJ-401 Requirement Requirement Roughness parameters2 that conform to international standards The SJ-400 Series can evaluate 36 kinds of roughness parameters conforming to the latest ISO, DIN, and ANSI standards, as well as to JIS standards (1994/1982). 4 Measurement/evaluation of stepped features and straightness Ultra-fine steps, straightness and waviness are easily measured by switching to skidless measurement mode. The ruler function enables simpler surface feature evaluation on the LCD monitor. 2 3 Requirement Measurement Applications R-surface 5 measurement Advanced data processing with extended analysis The SJ-400 Series allows data processing identical to that in the high-end class. -
Length Scale Measurement Procedures at the National Bureau of 1 Standards
NEW NIST PUBLICATION June 12, 1989 NBSIR 87-3625 Length Scale Measurement Procedures at the National Bureau of 1 Standards John S. Beers, Guest Worker U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards National Engineering Laboratory Precision Engineering Division Gaithersburg, MD 20899 September 1987 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NBSIR 87-3625 LENGTH SCALE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AT THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS John S. Beers, Guest Worker U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards National Engineering Laboratory Precision Engineering Division Gaithersburg, MD 20899 September 1987 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Clarence J. Brown, Acting Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director LENGTH SCALE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AT NBS CONTENTS Page No Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose 1 1.2 Line scales of length 1 1.3 Line scale calibration and measurement assurance at NBS 2 The NBS Line Scale Interferometer 2 2.1 Evolution of the instrument 2 2.2 Original design and operation 3 2.3 Present form and operation 8 2.3.1 Microscope system electronics 8 2.3.2 Interferometer 9 2.3.3 Computer control and automation 11 2.4 Environmental measurements 11 2.4.1 Temperature measurement and control 13 2.4.2 Atmospheric pressure measurement 15 2.4.3 Water vapor measurement and control 15 2.5 Length computations 15 2.5.1 Fringe multiplier 16 2.5.2 Analysis of redundant measurements 17 3. Measurement procedure 18 Planning and preparation 18 Evaluation of the scale 18 Calibration plan 19 Comparator preparation 20 Scale preparation, -
Vernier Scale 05/31/2007 04:10 PM
Vernier Scale 05/31/2007 04:10 PM 1. THE VERNIER SCALE Equipment List: two 3 X 5 cards one ruler incremented in millimeters What you will learn: This lab teaches how a vernier scale works and how to use it. I. Introduction: A vernier scale (Pierre Vernier, ca. 1600) can be used on any measuring device with a graduated scale. Most often a vernier scale is found on length measuring devices such as vernier calipers or micrometers. A vernier instrument increases the measuring precision beyond what it would normally be with an ordinary measuring scale like a ruler or meter stick. II. How a vernier system works: A vernier scale slides across a fixed main scale. The vernier scale shown below in figure 1 is subdivided so that ten of its divisions correspond to nine divisions on the main scale. When ten vernier divisions are compressed into the space of nine main scale divisions we say the vernier-scale ratio is 10:9. So the divisions on the vernier scale are not of a standard length (i.e., inches or centimeters), but the divisions on the main scale are always some standard length like millimeters or decimal inches. A vernier scale enables an unambiguous interpolation between the smallest divisions on the main scale. Since the vernier scale pictured above is constructed to have ten divisions in the space of nine on the main scale, any single division on the vernier scale is 0.1 divisions less than a division on the main scale. http://nebula.deanza.fhda.edu/physics/Newton/4A/4ALabs/Vernier_Scale.html Page 1 of 5 Vernier Scale 05/31/2007 04:10 PM scale, any single division on the vernier scale is 0.1 divisions less than a division on the main scale. -
Made to Measure. Practical Guide to Electrical Measurements in Low Voltage Switchboards V
Contact us A 250 500 200 150 V (b) 100 (a) 50 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards A 250 500 ABB SACE The data and illustrations are not binding. We reserve 200 the right to modify the contents of this document on the 150 Una divisione di ABB S.p.A. basis of technical development of the products, 100 Apparecchi Modulari without prior notice. 50 0 Viale dell’Industria, 18 Copyright 2010 ABB. All rights reserved. - 1.500 - CAL. 20010 Vittuone (MI) Tel.: 02 9034 1 Fax: 02 9034 7609 bol.it.abb.com www.abb.com V 80 V 60 2CSC445012D0201 - 12/2010 (f) 40 50 Hz 20 0 t Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements in low voltage switchboards table of Made to measure. Practical guide to electrical measurements contents in low voltage switchboards 1 Electrical measurements 5.3.2 Current transformers ......................................................... 37 5.3.3 Voltage transformers ......................................................... 38 1.1 Why is it important to measure? .......................................... 3 5.3.4 Shunts for direct current .................................................... 38 1.2 Applicational contexts .......................................................... 4 1.3 Problems connected with energy networks ......................... 4 6 The measurements 1.4 Reducing consumption ........................................................ 7 1.5 Table of charges .................................................................. 8 6.1 TRMS Measurements -
MODULE 5 – Measuring Tools
INTRODUCTION TO MACHINING 2. MEASURING TOOLS AND PROCESSES: In this chapter we will only look at those instruments which would typically be used during and at the end of a fabrication process. Such instruments would be capable of measuring up to 4 decimal places in the inch system and up to 3 decimal places in the metric system. Higher precision is normally not required in shop settings. The discrimination of a measuring instrument is the number of “segments” to which it divides the basic unit of length it is using for measurement. As a rule of thumb: the discrimination of the instrument should be ~10 times finer than the dimension specified. For example if a dimension of 25.5 [mm] is specified, an instrument that is capable of measuring to 0.01 or 0.02 [mm] should be used; if the specified dimension is 25.50 [mm], then the instrument’s discrimination should be 0.001 or 0.002 [mm]. The tools discussed here can be divided into 2 categories: direct measuring tools and indirect measuring or comparator tools. 50 INTRODUCTION TO MACHINING 2.1 Terminology: Accuracy: can have two meanings: it may describe the conformance of a specific dimension with the intended value (e.g.: an end-mill has a specific diameter stamped on its shank; if that value is confirmed by using the appropriate measuring device, then the end-mill diameter is said to be accurate). Accuracy may also refer to the act of measuring: if the machinist uses a steel rule to verify the diameter of the end-mill, then the act of measuring is not accurate.