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Waste Management in 16 Municipalities Opportunities for Inter-Municipal Cooperation 2016

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Waste Management in 16 Municipalities Opportunities for Inter-Municipal Cooperation 2016 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 2016 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 41 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES 2 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 2016 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 3 Financed by: This publication is part of the project titled: “Strengthen Strategic Development and Cross Municipal/Community Cooperation and Partnership”. The project is part of Advancing Kosovo Together – Local Solutions program funded by U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by Community Development Fund (CDF). Disclaimer: 2.2.3 Sensitivity analysis The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of supporters. Contributors: Diellza Gashi, Alban Hashani, Agneta Bytyqi and Ilija Mladenović Design and layout: Faton Selani The original is written in English Published by: RIINVEST INSTITUTE Lidhja e Prizrenit no. 42 * * Prishtina/Priština 10000, Republic of Kosovo Tel: + 381 (0)38 244320; 223816 www.riinvestinstitute.org Copyright ©2016 by RIINVEST INSTITUTE. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES 4 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 1. INTRODUCTION 8 2. CURRENT SITUATION 9 2.1 Municipal level 9 2.2 Common Problems/ Bottlenecks 27 3. BEST REGIONAL PRACTICES 28 4. JOINT OPPORTUNITIES 30 REFERENCES 31 APPENDICES 32 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 5 Amount of waste produced in Kosovo 0.9 kg/day Average amount of waste produced per year by one person in Kosovo 334 kg. Amount of waste produced per year in Kosovo 606.000 tons 6SOURCE: MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING (2013) 0.28% Hazardous Waste 42.0% Biodegradable 5.59% Metal (%) 12.3% of waste Other 6.57% by type Glass (2012) 6.75% Textile 11.0% Plastic Amount of waste 15.0% produced within a year in Paper/ Wood Prishtina/Priština region 248.000 tons 1. INTRODUCTION Municipalities in Kosovo face several problems which di- This report has been drafted to analyze the current situation rectly impact their performance as local governments. In a regarding waste management in 16 municipalities of Kosovo relatively high number of cases the problems are common and propose opportunities for inter-municipal cooperation. among municipalities. Although a number of municipalities The municipalities covered are Gračanica/Graçanicë, Klokot/ have introduced improved or innovative practices for their Kllokot, Novo Brdo/Novobërdë, Parteš/Partesh, Ranilug/Ra- own localities, very little has been done on municipalities nillug, Štrpce/Shtërpcë, Gjilan/Gnjilane, Istog/Istok, Klinë/ sharing their knowledge or resources with other municipal- Klina, Obiliq/Obilić, Pejë/Peć, Vushtrri/Vučitrn, Mitrovica ities. In other words, very little inter-municipal cooperation North, Leposavić/Leposaviq, ZubinPotok/ZubinPotok, and has been initiated between municipalities. According to the Zvečan/Zveçan. The main objective of this report is to iden- Association of Kosovo Municipalities (2010) Inter-Munic- tify joint problems municipalities face with regards to waste ipal Cooperation (IMC) refers to two or more neighboring management and engineer joint response to these common municipalities working together to perform municipal ad- problems. ministrative duties, provide public services to citizens and promote local development more efficiently and effectively The methodology used to identify problems faced with waste than performing activities on their own. IMC’s in Kosovo management involved conducting in-depth interviews with are few and dysfunctional in providing mutual services to officials responsible for waste management. In most cases, citizens and reducing municipal costs. Mainly municipalities the team conducted interview with directors for public ser- cooperate with each other in specific cases, though such vices and with an official responsible for waste management cooperation is not formal (contract, agreement of under- (when there was one). The questionnaire for the interviews standing) (Association of Kosovo Municipalities, 2010). The was conducted based on thorough analysis of local develop- legal framework for IMC’s in Kosovo is established by the Ar- ment strategies and secondary research that was available ticle 124 of Constitution which states: “Municipalities have on waste management on the municipalities of interest. The the right to inter-municipal cooperation and cross border questions were open ended and officials were encouraged cooperation, in accordance with the law”. Furthermore, the to answer every question in detail. With the consent of the Law on Local Self-Government specifies the right of mu- participants interviews were recorded and transcribed. The nicipalities to cooperate emphasizing that “municipalities main reason for recording them is to not miss any details. shall be entitled to cooperate and form partnerships with other Kosovar municipalities to earn out functions of mutual Findings from the interviews reveal that there are mainly interest, in accordance with the principles of the European two forms of cooperation between municipalities. The first Charter of Local Self Government and in accordance with one is regional companies that provide waste management the law” (Law on Local Self-Government, Article 28). services. The second form is disposing waste in common landfills. No other form of cooperation has been reported However, although little has been done regarding inter-mu- by the 16 municipalities. However, the officials from each nicipal cooperation, there are opportunities for municipali- municipality stated that they are willing to cooperate for the ties to pool their expertise and experiences to jointly solve benefits of citizens. common issues. Over time this type of inter-municipal cooperation can create the foundation for a sustainable The rest of the report is organized as follows. Section 2 pres- municipal development strategy that will encourage mu- ents, discusses, and analyses the findings from in-depth-in- nicipalities to identify and meet their own development terviews with 16 municipality officials who are responsible needs. It also encourages innovation in problem solving for waste management. The same section presents the and provides municipalities with the capacity to identify common problems faced by 16 municipalities. Section 3 and address issues together and in partnership with other provides best practices of inter-municipal cooperation re- municipalities as well as higher levels of government. Fur- garding waste in regional countries, more specifically in Cro- thermore, cost sharing will be encouraged and promoted atia, Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro. Section 4 presents among municipalities. joint opportunities for cooperation between municipalities. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES 8 OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 2. CURRENT SITUATION This section of the report depicts the current situation regarding waste in the 16 municipalities of Kosovo and common problems faced between municipalities. The analysis is based on information received from in-depth interviews held with municipality officials who are responsible for waste management. 2.1 MUNICIPAL LEVEL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 16 MUNICIPALITIES OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 9 PEJA/PEĆ In Peja/Peć, waste is collected by the re- gional company Ambienti. It is important to mention that although the company is re- gional it functions more as a local company. The municipality is 100 percent owner of the company and has chosen a board which is Around 60 percent of the tax is Low level of composed only of members from Peja/Peć collected. Waste is deposited in awareness from municipality. The municipal assembly has citizens selected the committee of shareholders the Peja/Peć regional landfill in and the committee has chosen the board Old landfills and the executive director who reports to Sverk village. the board. The board reports to the director No landfill of public services who then reports to the municipal assembly. The board is selected Low level of waste through an open call. According to munici- collection pality officials, around 98 percent of waste In 2013, the municipality has is collected in rural and urban zones. Waste No board member in the company is collected based on the local dynamic plan invested around 150.000 Euros in and mainly door to door. There is only one Lack of a company collection point which is close to the facility expanding the area of the existing responsible for of the company. waste mgmt landfill. Lack of recourses to Price for the service offered is around 5.00 classify waste Euros and it is the same for all types of cus- landfills which currently are five, one very tomers. Municipality officials think that the big and four smaller ones. The large landfill Lack of resources to recycle waste flat rate for customers is not fair and have is mainly with inert waste. It is very costly decided to draft a plan for categorizing pric- to remove the waste collected. Due to lack es based on types of customers. Around of
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