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L. Taruashvili MONIMENTA ANTIQUAE URBIS ROMAE AD L. Taruashvili MONIMENTA ANTIQUAE URBIS ROMAE AD ARTES ELEGANTES PERTINENTIA: ITINERARIUM LATINE ADUMBRATUM Altera versio emendata et amplificata Anno MMVIII 2 INDEX CAPITULORUM: INDEX COMPENDIORUM: BREVIS PRAEFATIO: INTROITUS IN MATERIAM INVISENDAM: TERRENI PROPRIETAS HISTORIA URBIS IN NUCE: Aetates praeurbana et regia Saecula V – III AC Saecula II – I AC Aetas Augusti et eius successorum Aetas Flaviorum AetasTraiani et Antoninorum Aetas Severorum Tempus Diocletiani et Maxentii AMPHITHEATRUM FLAVIUM et eo ADIACENTIA: Amphitheatrum Flavium Meta sudans Colossus Templum Veneris et Romae FORUM ROMANUM seu FORUM MAGNUM vel FORUM simpliciter: Arcus Titi Basilica Maxentii (Constantini) Templum Divi Romuli Atrium Vestae seu Domus Vestalium Templum Vestae Regia Domus Publica Aedes Divi Iulii (Caesaris) 3 Arcus Augusti: Templum Castoris et Pollucis (seu publice Aedes Castorum vel Castoris) Lacus Iuturnae Templum Antonini et Faustinae Basilica Aemilia (Aemilii-Pauli) Basilica Iulia Equus Domitiani Lacus Curtius Curia Iulia Ianus Geminus Rostra Lapis Niger Umbilicus Urbis sive Umbilicus Romae sive Umbilicus urbis Romae Mil(l)iarium Aureum Arcus Tiberii Templum Saturni Arcus Septimii Severi Templum Concordiae Templum Vespasiani etTiti seu Templum Divi Vespasiani Porticus Deorum Consentium Tabularium Carcer Tullianus seu Carcer Mamertinus seu Carcer simpliciter CAPITOLINUS MONS: CAPITOLIUM: Templum Iovis Optimi Maximi (aliter Templum Iovis Capitolini aut simpliciter Capitolium) Templum Iovis Tonantis Aedes Fidei Statuae qui diversis locis in Capitolio stabant ARX seu ARX CAPITOLINA: Aedes Iunonis Monetae Insula Romana Aedes Honoris et Virtutis (Mariana): V. in: MONIMENTA IGNOTAE vel INCERTAE LOCATIONIS 4 PALATINUS MONS: Templum Apollinis Cryptoporticus Neronis: V. infra: Domus Tiberiana Domus Liviae Domus Augusti Lupercal (verum atque opinatum) Templum Cybeles Complexio Palatina seu Palatium Domus Tiberiana Septizodium sive Septizonium Aedes Fortunae Huiusce Diei (in Palatino) FORA IMPERIALIA: FORUM IULIUM: Templum Veneris Genetricis FORUM AUGUSTI: Templum Martis Ultoris TEMPLUM PACIS (FORUM VESPASIANI): FORUM NERVAE: FORUM et MERCATUS TRAIANI: Columna Traiani Mercatus Traiani VELABRUM: Templum Divi Augusti FORUM BOARIUM: Arcus Argentariorum seu Monumentum Argentariorum Ara Maxima Herculis Aedes Herculis Pompeiana Aedes Aemiliana Herculis Invicti (seu Victoris Templum Herculis Victoris Templum Portuni 5 AREA SACRA ad SANCTUM HOMOBONUM (Area di S. Omobono): FORUM HOLITORIUM: Templum Iani Templum Iunonis Sospitae Templum Spei CIRCUS MAXIMUS: MONS ESQUILINUS: Domus Aurea Neronis Thermae Titianae sive Thermae Titi Thermae Traianae sive Thermae Traiani Porticus Liviae Auditorium Maecenatis Monimentum falso Templum Minervae Medicae et coniecturaliter Nymphaeum vocatum Arcus Gallieni: V. infra: Porta Esquilina Porta Tiburtina sive Porta Sancti Laurentii Porta Praenestina sive Porta Labicana (sive Italiane Porta Maggiore) Monimentum Eurysacis Basilica Subterranea ad Portam Praenestinam (sive Basilica sotteranea di Porta Maggiore Italiane) Aedes Honoris et Virtutis (ad Portam Capenam) MONS CAELIUS: Templum Divi Claudii MONS AVENTINUS: Sepulcrum Cestii Thermae Antoninianae sive Thermae Caracallae Sepulcrum Scipionum Thermae Decianae Mithraeum Sanctae Priscae Templum Dianae Aventinensis vel Templum Dianae simpliciter 6 Aedes Cereris, Liberi Liberaeque, vulgo Aedes Cereris simpliciter COLLES VIMINALIS et QUIRINALIS Thermae Diocletiani Templum Serapidis Templum Salutis Tres aedes Fortunae PINCIUS MONS sive COLLIS HORTORUM (sive HORTULORUM): Horti Lucull(i)ani Horti Sallustiani CAMPUS MARTIUS sive CAMPUS simpliciter: Theatrum Marcelli Theatrum Balbi Circus Flaminius Theatrum Pompei sive Theatrum Pompeianum Porticus Pompeianae sive Porticus Pompei Area Sacra seu Aedes Fortunae Huiusce Diei (in Campo Martio) et vicina templa Porticus Philippi Porticus Octaviae, quae ante Augusti refectionem Porticus Metelli appellabantur Templum Apollinis Medici aut Sosiani Stadium Domitiani Odeum Pantheum sive Pantheon Isaeum Campense sive Serapeum Campense Hadrianeum sive Templum Divi Hadriani Arcus Claudii Saepta Iulia sive Saepta simpliciter Thermae Agrippae seu Thermae Agrippianae Thermae Neronianae seu Thermae Neronis Columna Antonini Pii Insula Felicles sive Insula Feliculae sive Insula Felicula: Columna Marci Aurelii Solarium Augusti 7 Mausoleum Augusti Ara Pacis Augustae AGER EXTRAMURANUS CAMPO MARTIO ADIACENS seu CAMPUS VATICANUS: Circus Vaticanus seu Gaii et Neronis Mausoleum Hadriani INSULA TIBERINA: TRANS TIBERIM: MONIMENTA TRANSREGIONARIA: PONTES: Pons Aelius sive Pons Hadriani Pons Neronianus Pons Fabricius Pons Cestius Pons Aemilius Pons Sublicius MURI ET PORTAE: Agger Servianus sive Agger Servii Porta Trigemina Porta Collina Porta Esquilina seu posterius Arcus Gallieni Porta Caelimontana sive posterius Arcus Dolabellae et Silani Porta Capena Murus Areliani seu Muri Aureliani AQUAEDUCTUS: Aqua Appia Aqua Marcia Aqua Virgo Aqua Claudia et Anio Novus seu Aqua Aniena Nova CLOACAE: Cloaca Maxima 8 MONIMENTA IGNOTAE vel INCERTAE LOCATIONIS: Aedes Honoris et Virtutis (Mariana) Monimenta Asinii Pollionis CONCLUSIO: 9 INDEX COMPENDIORUM: Aen. – Aeneis AV – S. Aurelius Victor Afer C – M. Tullius Cicero CIL – Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum Dig. – Digesta Dion – Dionysius Halicarnensis Ep. – Epistulae Eutr – (Flavius) Eutropius L – T. Livius M – M. Valerius Martialis MA – Monumentum Ancyranum (sive Marmor Ancyranum) PI – C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus (seu Plinius Iunior) Pl – Plutarchus Chaeronensis PM – C. Plinius Secundus (seu Plinius Maior) Pr – Procopius Caesariensis Prp – Sextus Propertius Sen – L. Annaeus Seneca Serv – Servius Maurus Honoratus SHA – Scriptores Historiae Augustae Su – C. Suetonius Tranquillus Symm – Q. Aurelius Symmachus T – C. Cornelius Tacitus V – P. Vergilius Maro VM – M. Valerius Maximus VP – C. Velleius Paterculus Vtr – Vitruvius 10 BREVIS PRAEFATIO: Roma, urbs antiqua et longaeva, insuper etiam aeterna persaepe vocitata, urbs, quae erat olim capite potentis imperii functa, crescentis initio inter continua cum vicinis ac remotis populis armata certamina, deinde immodice ingentis et splendide florentis, postremo autem «mole sua» (si licet Horatii verbis uti) ruentis, qualisnam aetate huiusce imperii illa urbs inclitissima visitatoribus suis apparebat? Nostris diebus Musaeum quoddam Romae visi potest in proximo saeculo conditum ad Romanas antiquitates in plasticis necnon planis imaginibus instaurandas, quod Romanae Civitatis Musaeum (Museo della Civiltà Romana) appellatur. In una autem eius aularum, spatiosa atque celsa, est copia venientibus data urbem Romam antiquam, etsi effictam ac valde deminutam, tamen visu claram satis et distinctam, e loco superiore contemplari. Hic Roma, quasi de volatu avium conspecta, spectatoris animo placida, omni tumultu et discordiis prorsus aliena apparet. Constat nihilominus certe vitae Urbis veram quietem, ut non dicam museale silentium, nunquam antiquitus proprium fuisse. Audiamus, exempli gratia, Iuvenalem (III, 193 – 196; 243 – 248; 268 – 277) vitam Romae cotidianam sui temporis imaginaliter describentem: 11 Nos urbem colimus tenui tibicine fultam Magna parte sui: nam sic labentibus obstat Villicus, et veteris rimae contexit hiatum, Securos pendente iubet dormire ruina. ... ... Nobis properantibus obstat Unda prior; magno populus premit agmine lumbos Qui sequitur; ferit hic cubito, ferit assere duro Alter; at hic tignum capiti incutit, ille meretram. Pinguia crura luto; planta mox undique magna Calcor, et in digito clavus mihi militis haeret. ... Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis: Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum Testa ferit; quoties rimosa et curta fenestris Vasa cadant, quanto percussum pondere signent Et laedant silicem. Possis ignavus haberi, Et subiti casus improvidus, ad coenam si Intestatus eas: adeo tot fata, quot illa Nocte patent vigiles, te praetereunte, fenestrae! Ergo optes, votumque feras miserabile tecum, Ut sint contentae patulas defundere pelves. Interea Roma quamvis tumultuosa, inquieta et trepida, nobilissimis electissimisque artis operibus e diversis partibus Imperii, ex Graecia maxime, convectis redundabat. Sed ea debite mirare, in eis diu et deliberando animum pascere num Romae tunc satis commode erat? De hoc Plinius Maior (XXXVI, 27) talia refert: «Romae quidem multitudo operum et iam obliteratio ac magis officiorum negotiorumque acervi omnes a contemplatione tamen abducunt, quoniam otiosorum et in magno loci silentio talis admiratio est.» 12 At maxima pars inсolarum, qui Urbem Imperii temporibus inhabitabant, erat illa nonullis Romanis scriporibus significanter depicta hominum multitudo, tam inculta quam ad perpetuum tumultum assueta et eidem tumultui sicut suo domino parens. Auctoritas veteris famae operibus Graecis Romae expositis propria tunc profecto omnibus et etiam illi multitudini respectum imposuit, sed nova opera, architectonica et alia, ad publica loca decoranda praedestinata, illi vulgui grata esse debuerunt, ut impensa fabricationis excusarent. En causa cur, si litterae Romanae ad culta ingenia praecipue destinatae Graecorum exempla saepe aequabant elegantia sua (et nonnunquam etiam vincebant, ut Lucretii «De rerum natura» poemata Graeca eiusdem generis vicit), illa ars Romana, quae ad fora et vias erat faciunda, fuit arte Graeca classica, quamquam exemplari ad illam formae respectu, ferme rudior tumidiorque. Formis enim classicis Hellenicis utitur, ab Hellenico tamen sensu aequilibritatis modique servandi longe abest. Quod non est mire;
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