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Mais Où Est Donc Passé Le Moyen-Âge ? ; Le Récentisme

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Mais Où Est Donc Passé Le Moyen-Âge ? ; Le Récentisme « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » L'invention de l'ère chrétienne par François de SARRE TABLE DES MATIERES : Introduction ……………………………………………………… 3 Chapitre 1 Les bizarreries du calendrier …………….. 10 Chapitre 2 Fomenko et les "récentistes" ……………... 17 Chapitre 3 Les cieux nous sont tombés sur la tête ….. 25 Chapitre 4 Quelques problème de dates ……………... 33 Chapitre 5 Les "siècles fantômes" du Moyen-Âge ….. 49 Chapitre 6 Charlemagne : un héros de légende ……… 64 Chapitre 7 Le Christianisme est-il né en Avignon ? …. 68 Chapitre 8 L'histoire des trois églises ………………... 83 Chapitre 9 Qui a bien pu avancer l'heure ? …………… 93 Chapitre 10 En quel siècle sommes-nous donc ? ……… 104 Chapitre 11 Essai de reconstruction historique ………... 125 Épilogue ………………………………………………………… 133 Littérature et notes ……………………………………………….. 138 Glossaire ……………………………………………………...…. 143 Bibliographie générale ………………………………………….. 149 Dates importantes en anno domini ……………………………... 151 Page 1 sur 155 Copyright François de SARRE © 2006 All Rights Reserved Pour toute reproduction même partielle du texte, veuillez faire la demande auprès de M. François de SARRE : [email protected] « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm Représentons-nous une Histoire de France à laquelle il manquerait au bas mot une dizaine de siècles… « Inconcevable », allez-vous sans doute me dire ! Certes, je l'admets, c'est difficile à se représenter. On savait que le Moyen-Âge, période obscure - pour ne pas dire d'obscurantisme - rimait avec "Sombres Ages" [dark ages, en anglais], mais d'ici à soustraire tous ces siècles de la chronologie officielle, c'est aller un peu fort en besogne… Et pourtant des chercheurs russes et allemands ont en fait leur cheval de bataille, depuis quelques années déjà ! En France - ou dans le domaine francophone - ces travaux sont méconnus, ignorés, sans doute plus à cause de la barrière de la langue que par manque d'intérêt, car, à ma connaissance, aucun de ces écrits n'a été traduit. Personnellement, j'avais la chance, non seulement de posséder parfaitement la langue de Goethe, mais aussi de compter au nombre de mes amis quelques-uns de ces "récentistes", comme ils aiment à se nommer. Je ne suis moi-même pas historien, mais ma formation de naturaliste m'avait appris à ouvrir l'œil - et le bon ! Durant mes études de Zoologie en Allemagne, puis au terme de celles-ci, j'ai travaillé sur la répartition géographique des populations de petits poissons, tout autour de la Méditerranée. Plancher sur des sujets scientifiques confère non seulement la notion d'exactitude, mais permet aussi d'acquérir une méthodologie, l'habitude des références bibliographiques, et celle de vérifier systématiquement toutes ses sources ! C'est justement lors de l'un de ces stages de biologie marine, à l'Institut Océanographique de Split, en Dalmatie, que je découvris pour la première fois ce qu'était une discordance de l'Histoire. C'est en effet le terme que l'on peut employer quand il y a conflit entre ce que l'on voit, et ce que l'on lit dans les livres d'Histoire… C'était l'année 1966, et la Yougoslavie n'était encore guère ouverte aux touristes. Au centre de la ville de Split s'élevait le magnifique palais de l'empereur romain Dioclétien (284-305 après J.-C.). Absolument intact… On avait de la peine à croire que ces façades et vastes demeures dataient de près de 17 siècles ! Mais le plus surprenant était sans doute de constater que les maisons de la Renaissance, construites à l'apogée de Venise, avaient été tout bonnement ajoutées - voire intégrées - aux édifices romains déjà en place, dans un ensemble architectural parfait. Sachant que partout dans le monde, les habitants d'une cité sont plutôt prompts à récupérer de vieilles pierres… pour les utiliser dans leurs propres maisons qu'ils sont en train de construire un peu plus loin, il était difficile de croire qu'une dizaine de siècles (!) séparait les deux niveaux d'habitation. Une explication alternative venait alors spontanément à l'esprit : « Et si ces maisons de l'époque vénitienne avaient, en réalité, été construites juste après l'époque historique de Dioclétien… ». On passerait ainsi sans transition du 4ème au 14ème siècle ! Mais, si c'était le cas, où étaient donc passés le Moyen-Âge et ses dix siècles d'histoire ? Page 2 sur 155 Copyright François de SARRE © 2006 All Rights Reserved Pour toute reproduction même partielle du texte, veuillez faire la demande auprès de M. François de SARRE : [email protected] « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm INTRODUCTION Qui a volé le Moyen-Âge ? peut-on légitimement s'écrier… Mille ans, c'est à la fois beaucoup et pas grand chose, comparé au temps "géologique", comme l'âge estimé de la Terre qui se chiffre en milliards d'années. Si l'on se base sur le critère des générations qui s'enchaînent, dix siècles peuvent paraître relativement courts. Par mon grand-père paternel, né en 1870 - et contemporain de Napoléon III, j'ai pour ainsi dire "un pied dans le 19ème siècle" ; quant à mes petits-enfants, ils connaîtront vraisemblablement le… 22ème siècle ! Eh oui, nous ne sommes qu'à 3 siècles de Louis XIV (mort en 1715), et des fastes de la cour de Versailles… Considéré comme cela, le temps passe très vite… Alors pourquoi, tout au long de l'Histoire, n'aurait-on pas pu rajouté jusqu'à 1000 ans à l'ère Chrétienne… laquelle avec, en gros, 2000 ans écoulés forme l'ossature même de notre Chronologie occidentale ? Près de la moitié du temps " imparti " … Certes, on pourra toujours penser que l'épisode de Split, relaté plus haut, n'est guère significatif. Il y a quand même de quoi frapper les esprits, même les plus sceptiques. Je me souviens d'une émission à la télévision française (France 3, "Des racines et des Ailes", du 4 août 2004), où l'on voyait le conservateur de Musée de Split, Goran Niksic, chez l'un de ses amis qui avait mis au jour, à l'occasion de travaux dans sa cave, les vestiges de thermes romains... Niksic nous montre aussi un appartement en restauration, face à la mer, qui faisait jadis partie de la loggia impériale. Un autre habitant de Split, Zoran, habite dans une maison construite au Moyen-Âge, adossée contre le temple de Jupiter édifié par Dioclétien. Une partie du temple pénètre à l'intérieur même de la chambre de Zoran, qui découvre ainsi l'Antiquité en se levant chaque matin ! La ville de Split (appelée autrefois Aspalathos, puis Spalato) doit sa notoriété au gigantesque palais de l'empereur romain Dioclétien (245-313). Cette forteresse de 40.000 m2 est l'unique palais de l'Antiquité tardive dont les murs tiennent encore debout. Construit de 295 à 305, il a bénéficié de tout le luxe possible pour l'époque : pierre blanche de l'île de Brac, marbre d'Italie et de Grèce, etc. Quand on circule en voiture le long de la promenade du bord de mer, on passe devant la façade sud du palais. Empruntant la porte maritime, car du temps de Dioclétien, les remparts donnaient directement sur la mer (on y entrait alors en bateau !), on accède à la vaste demeure... De nombreuses salles voûtées sont actuellement occupées par des fleuristes et les marchands de souvenirs. Un escalier monte au péristyle, vaste cour intérieure dominée par les appartements impériaux. On peut s'imaginer Dioclétien apparaissant du haut de sa tribune pour recevoir l'hommage de la foule… L'empereur se fit ériger un mausolée qui sera vite transformé en cathédrale par l'archevêque Jean de Ravenne (daté de 650, mais ce que l'on voit aujourd'hui est bien plus récent). En fait, le Palais impérial est devenu le centre-ville de Split, bien vivant : toute l'enceinte abrite près de 3000 habitants, des boutiques, des commerces et des tavernes. Certains appartements sont "mixtes", une partie des murs datent de l'Antiquité, et l'autre partie de la Renaissance, comme nous l'avons noté plus haut. La grande ville de la région, où d'ailleurs naquit l'empereur, s'appelait Salona (aujourd'hui, Solin), capitale de la province romaine de Dalmatie, à quelques kilomètres de Split, vers l'intérieur des terres. On y trouvait des thermes, un aqueduc et un immense amphithéâtre à trois niveaux, pouvant accueillir 18.000 spectateurs… Actuellement, les vestiges alternent avec des champs cultivés et des jardins potagers, des vignes et des fermes. Page 3 sur 155 Copyright François de SARRE © 2006 All Rights Reserved Pour toute reproduction même partielle du texte, veuillez faire la demande auprès de M. François de SARRE : [email protected] « Où est donc passé le Moyen-Âge ? » C.E.R.B.I. : http://perso.orange.fr/initial.bipedalism/25ma.htm Qu'est-il arrivé jadis ? Faute de débat chez les historiens, il n'y a pas vraiment de controverse au sujet du palais de Dioclétien, sur les sites alentours, et sur le pourquoi de leur abandon ? On aimerait aussi savoir pourquoi les Vénitiens, mille ans plus tard, en sont venus à réoccuper les lieux. Cet intervalle de dix siècles - où il ne s'est rien passé - ne paraît-il pas disproportionné ? Le palais de l'empereur Dioclétien semble avoir été recouvert sous des mètres de boue, un peu comme ce fut le cas à Pompéi, sauf qu'il s'agissait (nous en reparlerons) des cendres et des laves incandescentes éructées du Vésuve, qui ont détruit toute vie sur leur passage.
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