DOCSLIB.ORG

Empowering Uncertainty Resolution for Marginalized Populations Through Social Technologies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Empowering Uncertainty Resolution for Marginalized Populations Through Social Technologies Empowering Uncertainty Resolution for Marginalized Populations through Social Technologies Alexandra Akiye To Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Ph.D. Thesis CMU-HCII-20-101 July, 2020 Committee Dr. Jessica Hammer (co-chair), Human-Computer Interaction Institute/Entertainment Technology Center, Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Geoff Kaufman (co-chair), Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Jason Hong, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Kevin Jarbo, Social & Decision Science/Center for Student Diversity & Inclusion, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Kody Manke, Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ​ 1 For my sisters Robyn, Rebecca, and Caroline 2 Acknowledgements As many have said before me, a PhD is a communal effort. There are countless people who have contributed to my development as a scholar, researcher, activist, and community member and who have both directly and indirectly contributed to this PhD thesis research. Thank you to: - My family members: my grandparents Reiko and Michio Yoshizu, Rosemary and Stanley To, sisters Robyn, Rebecca, Caroline, and parents Joanne and John To. You have supported my career and my academic pursuits, cheered on my every accomplishment, and pushed me through every rejection and failure, all usually while laughing with and at me for taking myself so seriously - My advisors, Jessica Hammer and Geoff Kaufman, whose confidence in my ability, support through my struggle, mentorship, and friendship allowed me to be brave and bold - My partner Joe, for seeing me and hearing me - My incredible committee members, Kevin Jarbo, Kody Manke, Jason Hong - My lab mates in the OH! Lab, Ludolab, eHeart Lab, and Data-Driven Diversity (D3) Lab - Michael Bernstein, Daniela Retelny, and Scott Klemmer for each getting me interested and involved in research, pursuing a PhD, and human-computer interaction respectively - My colleagues, students, and collaborators Ihudiya Finda Ogbonnaya-Ogburu, Angela D. R. Smith, Kentaro Toyama, Elaine Fath, Jarrek Holmes, Safinah Ali, Komal Dewan, Sarah Hemaida, Arlex Gole, Allison Mui, Anny Fan, Catherine Kildunne, Hillary Carey, Wenxia Sweeney, Mitchell Liang - My friends Judeth Oden Choi, Judith Odili Uchidiuno, Rushil Khurana, Cole Gleason, Nathan Hahn, Michael Madaio, Joseph Seering, Phoebe Dinh, Brain Rhindress, Melissa DeKoster, Vannida Ket, Patrick McGuire, Xiao Song Mu, and Roger Chen - My community - especially those at the CMU Center for Student Diversity and Inclusion including M. Shernell Smith as well as the Pittsburgh Racial Justice Summit Planning Committee including yvette shipman - My participants, for trusting me with their experience and insight 3 Abstract We all experience uncertainty every day. What will the weather be like? Will I pass my exam? Will my sister call me back tonight? Sometimes the uncertainty we experience can be overwhelming and the stakes can be very high. Will my paycheck arrive on time to pay my rent? What was the result from the medical scan I had yesterday? For people from marginalized groups, the stakes of even those ‘everyday’ types of uncertainty can become overwhelming and provide unique and difficult threats. Did the teacher not call on me because I’m a woman, a person of color, both, or neither? Am I being pulled over because of my race, and what can I do right now to keep myself safe? In my research, I study how marginalization amplifies the impact of uncertainty and how technology can intervene to empower people in labeling, navigating, and reducing uncertainty. In some situations, uncertainty can be used to create enticing motivation to learn more and gain competence. For example, puzzles present uncertainty that can be fun and encourage learning. However, in other situations, overwhelming uncertainty can be stressful, causing undue burdens to cognitive load. For example, acts of discrimination in the workplace can create uncertainty about a person’s standing and ability. In this thesis I seek to study and design tools to empower uncertainty reduction for people from vulnerable groups. First, I explore how to increase comfort with uncertainty through transformational game design when uncertainty may be expected and even necessary - in STEM contexts for adolescents from underrepresented groups. Next, I explore a context where little is known about how marginalization and uncertainty interact - examining social support-seeking for adults who have experienced interpersonal racism through interviews. I then conduct participatory design workshops with targets of racism; towards this work I present methods for using interactive fiction for facilitating participatory design around sensitive topics such as racism. Finally I design and evaluate provotypes (i.e., a design provocation and prototype) for more empowered futures in coping with the uncertainty that stems from experiencing racism. This thesis contributes theory in how marginalization amplifies the negative consequences of uncertainty, methods for design research with people in marginalized contexts, and the design of games and artifacts that both use uncertainty and are aimed at uncertainty reduction. 4 Contents Abstract 3 Chapter 1: Introduction 8 Chapter 2: Background 12 2.1 Defining Uncertainty 12 2.2 Uncertainty and Marginalization 13 2.2.1 Theories of Race and Racism 13 2.2.2 Marginalization in STEM 15 2.3 Designing for Uncertainty 17 2.3.1 Designing for Curiosity and Uncertainty in Games 17 2.3.3 Designing for Uncertainty Around Social Support and Vulnerable Self-Disclosure 21 Chapter 3: Modeling and Designing for Key Elements of Curiosity: Risking Failure, Valuing Questions 24 3.1 Building a Design Model of Curiosity and Uncertainty 26 3.2 Outbreak Game Design and Development 28 3.3 Methods 30 3.3.1 Measure Development 31 3.3.2 Playtesting and Measure Deployment 34 3.4 Designing for Comfort with Failure 35 3.4.1 Exploring Comfort with Failure Through Design and Data 35 3.4.2 Patterns from the Data 36 3.4.3 Design Lessons 41 3.5 Designing for Questions 42 3.5.1 Exploring Question Asking Through Data and Design 42 3.5.2 Patterns from the Data 43 3.5.3 Design Lessons 45 3.6. Summary 46 5 Chapter 4: “They Just Don't Get It”: Towards Social Technologies for Coping with Interpersonal Racism 48 4.1. Introduction and Motivation 48 4.2 Methods 51 4.2.1 Recruitment 52 4.2.2 Participants 52 4.2.3 Study Procedure 52 4.2.4 Reflexive Statement on Researchers 55 4.3 Analysis 55 4.4 Findings 56 4.4.1 Experiencing Racism 57 4.4.2 Communicating About Racist Experiences 61 4.5 Discussion 70 4.5.1 Experience of Sharing Racist Events 70 4.5.2 Determining Who “Gets It” 72 4.5.3 Trust and Agency 73 4.6 Limitations 75 4.7 Summary & Future Work 76 Chapter 5: Foundational Fiction Participatory Design 78 5.1 Introduction and Motivation 78 5.2 Background 80 5.2.1 Participatory Design Methods 80 5.2.2. Interactive, Narrative Fiction 83 5.3 Designing the Vignette 84 5.3.1 Writing an Interactive Narrative in Twine 84 5.3.2 The Narrative 85 5.4 Designing the Workshop 86 5.4.1 Participatory, Solution-focused Approaches 86 6 5.4.2 Role Playing Activity 88 5.4.3 Transparency and Agency 89 5.4.3 Workshop Schedule 91 5.5 Methods 92 5.5.1 Recruitment 92 5.5.2 Participants 93 5.5.3 Study Procedure 94 5.6 Results 94 5.6.1 Observations About the Workshop 95 5.6.2 Needs for Coping 96 5.6.3 Overview of Design Outcomes 97 5.6.4 Design Themes 100 5.7 Discussion 103 5.7.1 Using Fiction to Facilitate Conversation and Co-Design 103 5.7.2 Designing Social Technologies for Coping with Racism 107 5.8 Limitations 111 5.9 Future Work 112 5.10 Summary 112 Chapter 6 - Designing and Evaluating Provotypes 114 6.1 Designing Provotypes 114 6.1.1 Evolving the Design Concepts from the Participatory Design Workshops 115 6.1.2 The Final Design Provotypes: Intervention, Solidarity, or Comfort 117 6.2 Methods 125 6.2.1 Recruitment 125 6.2.2 Participants 126 6.2.3 Study Procedures 127 6.2.4 Data Analysis 130 7 6.3 Results 130 6.3.1 Perception of the Design Provotypes 130 6.3.2 Racism Alarm 131 6.3.3 Watch Ally 132 6.3.4 Comfort Speaker 133 6.3.5 Perception of Racism in the Vignette 134 6.3.6 Emotional Experience of the Vignette 137 6.4 Discussion 140 6.4.1 Interactive Vignettes for User Testing 140 6.4.2 Individual vs. Social Experiences Interpreting the Interactive Vignette 141 6.4.3 Patterns from the Alarm 143 6.4.4 Patterns from the Watch 144 6.4.5 Patterns from the Speaker 145 6.5 Limitations 146 6.6 Summary 147 Chapter 7: Conclusion 148 7.1 Reflections on Uncertainty and Marginalization 148 7.2 Designing for Uncertainty with Social Technology 150 7.3 HCI Research and Design Methods Considering Marginalization 152 7.4 Concluding Thoughts 153 Chapter 8: References 156 8.1 Chapter 1 References 156 8.2 Chapter 2 References 156 8.3 Chapter 3 References 157 8.4 Chapter 4 References 158 8.5 Chapter 5 References 165 8.6 Chapter 6 References 169 8.7 Chapter 7 References 170 8 Chapter 1: Introduction We all experience uncertainty every day. Consider an undergraduate student at a university in the U.S. When she wakes up she might wonder, what will the weather be like? During a lecture in her advanced statistics course, she raises her hand to answer a question but her professor calls on another male student. She may or may not wonder why she was not called on. Later in the day when she is purchasing groceries at a local convenience store, the cashier may be unfriendly to her.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • POLITICAL SCIENCE 444-544-SEM B2– the POLITICS of SOCIAL JUSTICE (Winter Term 2018)
    DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE https://uofa.ualberta.ca/political-science POLITICAL SCIENCE 444-544-SEM B2– THE POLITICS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE (Winter Term 2018) Instructor: Dr. Malinda S. Smith Time: Thursday, 12:30-3:20 pm Office: 10-23 Tory Building Class Location: 10-4 Tory Building Office Hours: Tues, 1:30-2:30PM, or by appointment Email: [email protected] Office: 780.492.5380 I. COURSE DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES: Global Critical Race Theory explores conceptions of race, racialization and anti-racism from various perspectives in political and social theory, recognizing that such knowledge and understanding are important for making sense of the ambiguities and complexities of political life in modern settler colonial states. Although power and privilege in the polis long have been shaped by ideas about race and its intersections with, for example, gender, class, sexuality, and disabilities – the discipline of political science has not always been in the forefront of theoretical efforts to make sense of this fundamental aspect of the human condition. It is in this context that Critical Race Theory (CRT) emerged as an important body of scholarship first in law and later across the social sciences and humanities. Rather than one perspective or approach, CRT is a constellation of theoretical standpoints that self-consciously views the ‘race question’ and questions about race and intersectionality through a critical lens, posing new questions on the persistence if not magnification of race and the ‘colour line’ in the twenty-first century and an ostensibly post-racial and colour-blind era. This course guides students through anti- racism, intersectionality, settler colonial and the implications for a decolonial politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Tnpsc Group-2 Current Affairs 2018
    TNPSC GROUP-2 CURRENT AFFAIRS 2018 TAMIL NADU AISHE 2016-17: TAMIL NADU LEADS IN GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO Prakash Javadekar released All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) report 2016- 2017. Highlights of All India Survey on Higher Education (2016-2017): As per the findings of the survey, overall enrolment in higher education institutions across India has increased from 27.5 million in 2010-11 to 35.7 million in 2016-17. 1. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) has increased from 24.5% in 2015-16 to 25.2 in 2016-17. 2. Gender Parity Index (GP1) too has improved from 0.86 to 0.94. 3. Tamil Nadu topped in terms of Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education. Tamil Nadu recorded 46.9% GER. 4. Among Union territories, Chandigarh topped with 56.1% GER. 5. Bihar posted lowest GER of 14.4%. RS PURAM POLICE STATION IN TAMIL NADU RANKS INDIA'S BEST POLICE STATION R.S. Puram Police station in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu has been adjudged as the best police station in India in SMART Police Stations initiative of Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), • R.S. Puram Police Station House Officer T. JOTHI, received the award from Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh on January 6, 2018 at the all India conference of Director General/Inspector General of Police held at BSF Academy Tekanpur in Madhya Pradesh. • Abbreviation SMART in SMART Police stands for S-Sensitive and Strict; M-Modern with mobility; A- Alert and Accountable; R- Reliable and Responsive; T- Trained and Techno-savvy. 2 | P a g e SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY: 46/1, Gokhale St, Opp Senthil Kumaran Theatre, Ram Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641009 WEBSITE: iasipstnpsc.in TNPSC GROUP-2 CURRENT AFFAIRS 2018 GOVERNMENT STARTS PROCESS TO BUILD INDIA'S FIRST DEFENCE 'QUAD' Union Defence Ministry has started the process to set up India's first defence industrial 'Quad' (quadrilateral corridor) linking Chennai with four other cities of Tamil Nadu to promote industries manufacturing weapons and military equipments.
    [Show full text]
  • Hashtags for Change: Can Twitter Promote Social Progress in Saudi Arabia
    International Journal of Communication 8 (2014), 943–961 1932–8036/20140005 #Hashtags for Change: Can Twitter Promote Social Progress in Saudi Arabia IRFAN CHAUDHRY University of Alberta, Canada Since the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011, Twitter has proven to be a useful mobilization tool for citizens. The power of Twitter to mobilize citizens (as seen in the Arab Spring) worries some governments. In response, a number of countries have begun to censor access to Internet technology. The Saudi monarchy, for example, issued a decree banning the reporting of news that contradicts sharia (Islamic) law, undermines national security, promotes foreign interests, or slanders religious leaders. A key question requiring further examination is why the Saudi government issued this decree. Are these controls in place to manage the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s political image on a global level, or are they in place to regulate the morality of its citizens at the local level? Drawing upon the work of Manuel Castells and his discussion of network power, this article asks: Can Twitter usage promote social progress in Saudi Arabia? Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Twitter, communication technology, social progress, gender, #Women2Drive Since the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011, social media has proven to be a useful mobilization tool for citizens to protest perceived injustices. In the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions, the microblogging site Twitter emerged as a key source for real-time logistical coordination, information, information sharing, and discussion (Lotan et al., 2011). Twitter helps you “helps you create and share ideas and information instantly, without barriers” (About Twitter, 2013). Twitter’s global nature and ability to connect people anywhere in the world through hashtags and retweets1 make it possible for people to share information on topics as mundane as what to cook for this evening’s dinner to something as spectacular as the fall of an authoritarian government regime.
    [Show full text]
  • By James King B.A., Samford University, 2006 M.L.I.S., University
    THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES: ARCHIVAL APPROACHES TO CIVIL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE AMERICAN SOUTH by James King B.A., Samford University, 2006 M.L.I.S., University of Alabama, 2007 M.A., Boston College, 2009 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of School of Computing and Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATION This dissertation was presented by James King It was defended on November 16, 2017 and approved by Dr. Sheila Corrall, Professor, Library and Information Science Dr. Andrew Flinn, Reader in Archival Studies and Oral History, Information Studies, University College London Dr. Alison Langmead, Associate Professor, Library and Information Science Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Richard J. Cox, Professor, Library and Information Science ii Copyright © by James King 2018 iii THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES: ARCHIVAL APPROACHES TO CIVIL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE AMERICAN SOUTH James King, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2018 When police and counter-protesters broke up the first march of the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) in August 1968, activists sang the African American spiritual, “We Shall Overcome” before disbanding. The spiritual, so closely associated with the earlier civil rights struggle in the United States, was indicative of the historical and material links shared by the movements in Northern Ireland and the American South. While these bonds have been well documented within history and media studies, the relationship between these regions’ archived materials and contemporary struggles remains largely unexplored. While some artifacts from the movements—along with the oral histories and other materials that came later—remained firmly ensconced within the archive, others have been digitally reformatted or otherwise repurposed for a range of educational, judicial, and social projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconsidering Annotator Disagreement About Racist Language: Noise Or Signal?
    Reconsidering Annotator Disagreement about Racist Language: Noise or Signal? Savannah Larimore Ian Kennedy Washington University in St. Louis University of Washington Breon Haskett Alina Arseniev-Koehler University of Washington University of California - Los Angeles Abstract 2016). Indeed, social scientists have long ac- knowledged the difficulties of measuring racism, An abundance of methodological work aims even when using traditional social science meth- to detect hateful and racist language in text. However, these tools are hampered by prob- ods (e.g., interviews and surveys), due to social lems like low annotator agreement and remain desirability biases and the increasingly covert na- largely disconnected from theoretical work on ture of racism (Bonilla-Silva, 2006). race and racism in the social sciences. Using In this paper, we reconsider efforts to anno- annotations of 5188 tweets from 291 annota- tate for racism in light of sociological work on tors, we investigate how annotator perceptions race and racism. Instead of generalizing our de- of racism in tweets vary by annotator racial tection of racism, we narrow our scope to focus identity and two text features of the tweets: on anti-Black racism. In other words, we focus relevant keywords and latent topics identified through structural topic modeling. We provide on racialized language directed at or centering on 1 a descriptive summary of our data and estimate Black Americans. Using human annotations for a series of linear models to determine if anno- the racial sentiment (positive or negative) of 5188 tator racial identity and our 12 topics, alone or Tweets, we describe how ratings vary by annota- in combination, explain the way racial senti- tors’ own racial identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Demographic Word Embeddings for Racism Detection on Twitter
    Demographic Word Embeddings for Racism Detection on Twitter Mohammed Hasanuzzaman Gael¨ Dias Andy Way ADAPT Centre GREYC UMR 6072 ADAPT Centre Dublin City University Universite´ de Caen Normandie Dublin City University Ireland France Ireland Abstract depression, anxiety, and emotional stress as well as negative physical health outcomes such as high Most social media platforms grant users blood pressure and low infant birth weight. freedom of speech by allowing them to As the information contained in social media freely express their thoughts, beliefs, and often reflects the real-world experiences of their opinions. Although this represents in- users, there is an increased expectation that the credible and unique communication op- norms of society will also apply in social media portunities, it also presents important chal- settings. As such, there is an increasing demand lenges. Online racism is such an exam- for social media platforms to empower users with ple. In this study, we present a super- the tools to report offensive and hateful content vised learning strategy to detect racist lan- (Oboler and Connelly, 2014). guage on Twitter based on word embed- Hateful content can be defined as ”speech or ex- ding that incorporate demographic (Age, pression which is capable of instilling or inciting Gender, and Location) information. Our hatred of, or prejudice towards, a person or group methodology achieves reasonable classi- of people on a specified ground, including race, fication accuracy over a gold standard nationality, ethnicity, country of origin, ethno- dataset (F1=76.3%) and significantly im- religious identity, religion, sexuality, gender iden- proves over the classification performance tity or gender” (Gelber and Stone, 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Master Bibliography for Sports in Society, 1994–2009
    1 MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHY Sports In Society: Issues & Controversies, 1994–2015 (5,089 references) Jay Coakley This bibliography is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. CSPS Working Papers may be distributed or cited as long as the author(s) is/are appropriately credited. CSPS Working Papers may not be used for commercial purposes or modified in any way without the permission of the author(s). For more information please visit: www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. 60 Minutes; ―Life after the NFL: Happiness.‖ Television program, (2004, December); see also, www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/16/60minutes/main661572.shtml. AAA. 1998. Statement on ―Race.‖ Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association. www.aaanet.org/stmts/racepp.htm (retrieved June, 2005). AAHPERD. 2013. Maximizing the benefits of youth sport. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 84(7): 8-13. Abad-Santos, Alexander. 2013. Everything you need to know about Steubenville High's football 'rape crew'. The Atlantic Wire (January 3): http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/01/steubenville-high-football-rape- crew/60554/ (retrieved 5-22-13). Abdel-Shehid, Gamal, & Nathan Kalman-Lamb. 2011. Out of Left Field: Social Inequality and Sport. Black Point, Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing Abdel-Shehid, Gamal. 2002. Muhammad Ali: America‘s B-Side. Journal of Sport and Social Issues 26, 3: 319–327. Abdel-Shehid, Gamal. 2004. Who da man?: black masculinities and sporting cultures. Toronto: Canadian Scholars‘ Press. www.cspi.org. Abney, Roberta. 1999. African American women in sport. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 70(4), 35–38.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer-Assisted Understanding of Stance in Social Media: Formalizations, Data Creation, and Prediction Models
    Computer-assisted Understanding of Stance in Social Media: Formalizations, Data Creation, and Prediction Models Von der Fakult¨at fur¨ Ingenieurwissenschaften Abteilung Informatik und Angewandte Kognitionswissenschaft der Universit¨at Duisburg-Essen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation von Michael Maximilian Wojatzki aus Bad Mergentheim 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Torsten Zesch 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Chris Biemann Tag der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 21.01.2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). cbna Danksagung Die vorliegende Dissertation ist das Resultat eines langen Weges bestehend aus Schule, Studium, Promotion und praktischer Aktivit¨aten. Auf diesem Weg haben mich eine Vielzahl von Personen begleitet ohne die ich diesen nicht h¨atte beschreiten k¨onnen und denen ich nun danken m¨ochte: Zuallererst und mit Nachdruck m¨ochte ich mich bei Torsten Zesch bedanken. Seit Torsten mich im Studium in die schwarze Magie des machine learnings eingefuhrt¨ hat, war er mir stets ein Mentor, der mich immer ermutigt hat, sich nicht mit oberfl¨achlichen Antworten zufrieden zu geben. W¨ahrend meiner Zeit als studentische Hilfskraft und als Doktorand habe ich von Torsten unglaublich viel uber¨ wissenschaftliches Arbeiten, Informatik, NLP aber auch daruber¨ gelernt, das große Ganze nicht aus den Augen zu verlieren. Ich bedanke mich bei Chris Biemann, der mir wertvolles Feedback gegeben hat und mit dem ich ein spannendes GermEval 2017 erleben durfte. Mein Dank gilt der DFG, dem Graduiertenkolleg UCSM und der Universit¨at Duisburg-Essen, die Sachmittel und ein produktives Arbeitsumfeld zur Verfugung¨ gestellt haben.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL TFGBV Paper
    Page | 1 Copyright © 2021 Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) Author Nicole Biros-Bolton Published by Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) 180 Dundas Street West, Suite 1420 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1C7 www.leaf.ca LEAF is a national, charitable, non-profit organization, founded in 1985. LEAF works to advance the substantive equality rights of women and girls in Canada through litigation, law reform and public education using the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This publication was created as part of LEAF's Feminist Strategic Litigation (FSL) Project. The FSL Project examines the use and impact of feminist strategic litigation to help LEAF, feminists, and gender equality advocates more effectively combat systemic discrimination and oppression. Page | 2 Table of Contents 1 | Overview _________________________________________________________________________3 Terminology ______________________________________________________________________4 Methodology _____________________________________________________________________4 2 | How Technologies are Used to Harm Women ____________________________________________6 InOmate Partner Violence and Harassment _______________________________________________6 Technology-Facilitated Stalking _________________________________________________________7 Threatening and Aggressive Acts Over the Internet TargeOng Women and PerpetraOng IntersecOonal DiscriminaOon ______________________________________________________________________8 Online Harassment ________________________________________________________________9
    [Show full text]
  • Sbi Po & Clerk Mains
    IBPS G.K. CAPSULE SBI PO & CLERK MAINS PO & Clerk MAINS Special Current Affairs Static G.K. India's trusted Educational Blog Banking Awareness www.ibtindia.com www.makemyexam.in CURRENT AFFAIRS Classical Dances of India 71 National News 1 Folk Dances in India 71 State News 7 United Nations Headquarters 72 International News 12 Important Airports in India 72 Central Government Schemes 16 Nick Names of Important Indian Places 73 State Government Schemes 19 Temples in India 74 Bilateral Relations 20 Important Revolutions in India 75 Banking News 22 Stadiums in India 75 Important Meetings, Summits and Conference Some Important Facts related to Census 76 24 Important Wildlife Sanctuaries 77 Science & technology and Health 30 12 Major Ports of India 80 Defence 32 Important Dams in India 81 Important Index 34 Important Boundaries 81 MoUS and Agreements 35 BANKING AND FINANCIAL AWARENESS Important Days 38 Banking and Finance News 82 Sports 42 Reserve Bank of India (RBI) 85 Awards and Prizes 48 Schemes Related to Banking & Finance 86 Appointments 52 Masala Bond, Green Bond & Junk Bond 88 Person in News 57 Books and Authors 58 List of Three Big Credit Rating Agencies 90 Obituaries 59 List of Important Committees 91 STATIC G.K. Monetary Policy 92 Bank Accounts 94 Countries | Capital | Currency 62 Banking Abbreviations 95 State | Capital | Chief Minister | Governor 63 Financial Instruments 97 Awards 64 Indian Railways / Metro in India 66 Differentiated Banks in India 103 Important Days 66 Cheques 104 Index/Reports 67 Basel Norms 105 Important National Parks in India 68 Important Financial Institutions of India 106 Important Power Plants in India 70 Banks with Headquarters & Tag Lines 107 G.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Empowering Uncertainty Resolution for Marginalized Populations Through Social Technologies
    Empowering Uncertainty Resolution for Marginalized Populations through Social Technologies Alexandra Akiye To Human-Computer Interaction Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Ph.D. Thesis CMU-HCII-20-101 September, 2020 Committee Dr. Jessica Hammer (co-chair), Human-Computer Interaction Institute/Entertainment Technology Center, Carnegie Mellon University Dr. Geoff Kaufman (co-chair), Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Jason Hong, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Kevin Jarbo, Social & Decision Science/Center for Student Diversity & Inclusion, Carnegie Mellon University ​ Dr. Kody Manke, Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University ​ 1 For my sisters Robyn, Rebecca, and Caroline 2 Acknowledgements As many have said before me, a PhD is a communal effort. There are countless people who have contributed to my development as a scholar, researcher, activist, and community member and who have both directly and indirectly contributed to this PhD thesis research. Thank you to: - My family members: my grandparents Reiko and Michio Yoshizu, Rosemary and Stanley To, sisters Robyn, Rebecca, Caroline, and parents Joanne and John To. You have supported my career and my academic pursuits, cheered on my every accomplishment, and pushed me through every rejection and failure, all usually while laughing with and at me for taking myself so seriously - My advisors, Jessica Hammer and Geoff Kaufman, whose confidence in my ability, support through my struggle, mentorship, and friendship allowed me to be brave and bold - My partner Joe, for seeing me and hearing me - My incredible committee members, Kevin Jarbo, Kody Manke, Jason Hong - My lab mates in the OH! Lab, Ludolab, eHeart Lab, and Data-Driven Diversity (D3) Lab - Michael Bernstein, Daniela Retelny, and Scott Klemmer for each getting me interested and involved in research, pursuing a PhD, and human-computer interaction respectively - My colleagues, students, and collaborators Ihudiya Finda Ogbonnaya-Ogburu, Angela D.
    [Show full text]
  • An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions
    Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses 5-2021 An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions Diptanu Sarkar [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/theses Recommended Citation Sarkar, Diptanu, "An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions" (2021). Thesis. Rochester Institute of Technology. Accessed from This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions by Diptanu Sarkar A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science Department of Computer Science B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York May 2021 An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions by Diptanu Sarkar APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Dr. Marcos Zampieri, Chairperson Dr. Alexander G. Ororbia, Reader Dr. Christopher Homan, Observer Date ii An Empirical Study of Offensive Language in Online Interactions by Diptanu Sarkar Abstract In the past decade, usage of social media platforms has increased significantly. People use these platforms to connect with friends and family, share infor- mation, news and opinions. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter are often used to propagate offensive and hateful content online. The open nature and anonymity of the internet fuels aggressive and inflamed conversations. The companies and federal institutions are striving to make social media cleaner, welcoming and unbiased.
    [Show full text]