What to Expect from Iran-Saudi Talks
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A Look at the History of Calligraphy in Decoration of Mosques in Iran: 630-1630 AD Cengiz Tavşan, Niloufar Akbarzadeh
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 A Look at the History of Calligraphy in Decoration of Mosques in Iran: 630-1630 AD Cengiz Tavşan, Niloufar Akbarzadeh as strength, comfort and expansion. Throughout history, Abstract—Architecture in Iran has a continuous history from at Iranian architecture had its own originality and simplicity. All least 5000 BC to the present, and numerous Iranian pre-Islamic parts of Iran, especially villages and ancient monuments are elements have contributed significantly to the formation of Islamic like a live but old book of art and architecture, history, which art. At first, decoration was limited to small objects and containers in a brief moment, each page of that opens the gates of several and then progressed in the art of plaster and brickwork. They later applied in architecture as well. The art of gypsum and brickwork, thousand years of history to the visitors [7]. which was prevalent in the form of motifs (animals and plants) in Repeat motifs, symbolic role and decorations are one of the pre-Islam, was used in the aftermath of Islam with the art of main subjects in Iranian art. In Iranian architecture, the calligraphy in decorations. The splendor and beauty of Iranian symbolic elements generally embossed with carving and architecture, especially during the Islamic era, are related to painting integrated with elements of construction and decoration and design. After the invasion of Iran by the Arabs and the environmental, which makes it a new and inseparable introduction of Islam to Iran, the arrival of the Iranian classical architecture significantly changed, and we saw the Arabic calligraphy combination. -
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The Role of Climate and Culture on the Formation of Courtyards in Mosques Hossein Soltanzadeh* Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Received: 23/05/2015; Accepted: 30/06/2015 Abstract The process regarding the formation of different mosque gardens and the elements that contribute to the respective process is the from the foci point of this paper. The significance of the topic lies in the fact that certain scholars have associated the courtyard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of various types of mosque courtyards. The theoretical findings of the research indicate that the conditions and instructions regarding the Jemaah [collective] prayers on one hand and the notion of exterior performance of the worshiping rites as a recommended religious precept paired with the cultural, environmental and natural factors on the other hand have had their share of founding the courtyards. This study employs the historical analytical approach since the samples are not contemporary. The dependant variables are culture and climate while the form of courtyard in the jame [congregational] mosque is the dependent variable. The statistical population includes the jame mosques from all over the Islamic world and the samples are picked selectively from among the population. The findings have demonstrated that the presence of courtyard is in part due to the nature of the prayers that are recommended to say in an open air, and in part because this is also favoured by the weather in most instances and on most days. -
Biden, Congress Should Defend Terrorism Sanctions Imposed on Iran
Research memo Biden, Congress Should Defend Terrorism Sanctions Imposed on Iran By Richard Goldberg, Saeed Ghasseminejad, Behnam Ben Taleblu, Matthew Zweig, and Mark Dubowitz January 25, 2021 During a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing to consider Antony Blinken’s nomination for secretary of state, Blinken was asked whether he believed it is in America’s national security interest to lift terrorism sanctions currently imposed on Iran, including sanctions targeting Iran’s central bank, national oil company, financial sector, and energy sector. “I do not,” Blinken responded. “And I think there is nothing, as I see it, inconsistent with making sure that we are doing everything possible – including the toughest possible sanctions, to deal with Iranian support for terrorism.”1 Bipartisan support for terrorism sanctions targeting Iran goes back to 1984, when the United States first designated the Islamic Republic as a State Sponsor of Terrorism. Since then, every U.S. president2 – Republican or Democrat – and Congress have taken steps to reaffirm U.S. policy opposing Iran’s sponsorship of terrorism and tying sanctions relief to Iran’s cessation of terror-related activities. President Joe Biden has pledged to rejoin the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), if Iran returns to “strict compliance” with the agreement.3 Terrorism sanctions on Iran, however, should not be lifted, even if the Biden administration opts to return to the deal, unless and until Iran verifiably halts its sponsorship of terrorism. This memorandum provides an overview of Iran’s past and ongoing involvement in terrorism-related activities, a review of longstanding bipartisan congressional support for terrorism sanctions on Iran, and a list of terrorism sanctions currently imposed on Iran that should not be lifted. -
Vendor List-Address-Civil-REV.4
6. CIVIL & STRUCTURE COMPANY NAME ORIGIN 6.1- STEEL STRUCTURE AHANSAY IRAN TEL.:88734772-3 FAX.:88734774 E-MAIL:[email protected] WWW.ahansay.com ADD.:2 Floor, No.115, west Hoveizeh st., Sohrevardi Ave. AGENT ALFA SAM IRAN TEL.: 0311-6265114, 6243800, 021-88829357 FAX.: 0311-6241511, 021-88832043 E-MAIL:[email protected] WWW.alfasam.com ADD.:1st.f1oor, No.10,Babak Alley, chaharbagh bala st., Esfahan AGENT: No.2, South kheradmand st., Karimkhan Ave. ARIA FOOLAD SABALAN IRAN TEL.: 021-88534980-2 , 0451-8383273-5 FAX.: 021-88534980-2 , 0451-8383273-5 E-MAIL: [email protected] WWW.ariafoolad.com ADD.: No.15, 10th Alley, Mahnaz St., Khoramshahr St., Tehran AGENT/FACTORY :4th Arghavan Alley, 1st Sanat St., 2nd Industrial Town, Ardebil AZAR FELEZAN IRAN TEL.:(0311)6680045,factory: (0335)3482006-8 FAX.:(0311)6690025, factory: (0335)3482009 E-MAIL:[email protected] WWW.azarfelezan.com ADD.:No.132,Azadi st, Hezar Jarib Ave., Esfahan , Factory : Oshtorjan , Industrial zone, Zobe Ahan Highway, Esfahan AGENT ESKELETHAI FOOLAD VA MAKHAZEN IRAN IRAN TEL.:77860820,77861788 FAX.:77889184 E-MAIL: WWW. ADD.: No172,Nex to Marjan BLDG.,Befor Tehranpars cross, Damavand AGENT ESTA FELEZ IRAN TEL.:88770751 FAX.: E-MAIL: WWW.instafelez.com ADD.: No.19,13st.,Alvand st.,Arghantin Sq. AGENT FOOLAD FAN IRAN TEL.:(0311)6265144, Factory:(0335)5373507-8 FAX.:(0311)6242733,Factory:(0335)5373507-8 E-MAIL:[email protected] WWW.fooladfan.com ADD.: AGENT : 4th st., Second phase, serahi mobarake industrial City, Esfahan FOOLAD NAGHSH EURASIA IRAN TEL.:+98-711-6313090, 6319150 FAX.:+98 711 62 77564 E-MAIL:[email protected] ADD.:No.113, Between Sajadieh 1&2, Farhang shahr, Shiraz, Iran AGENT : JAHANKAR ESFAHAN IRAN TEL.:(0311)6631283 FAX.:(0311)6617182 E-MAIL:[email protected] WWW.jahankarco.com ADD.:No.1, nooraeian Alley, saadatabad Ave., Esfahan AGENT KARA SAZEH KIMIYA IRAN TEL.:(0861)3161420-1 FAX.:(0861)3161420-1 E-MAIL: WWW. -
Saipa-Groupe PSA JV to Assemble Five Models in Iran 20-May-2016 10:25 GMT News Strategic Partnerships
Saipa-Groupe PSA JV to assemble five models in Iran 20-May-2016 10:25 GMT News Strategic Partnerships To invest USD200 million Iranian automaker Saipa and French carmaker Groupe PSA will sign a co-operative agreement next month to finalise their 50:50 joint venture (JV), reports the Trend News Agency, citing Saipa CEO Mehdi Jamali. The JV will have an investment of approximately USD200 million and will assemble a total of five Citroën models, including the Elysee and the SC35. The vehicles will be assembled at Saipa's Kashan plant in central Iran, with some exported to other regions. Significance: In a previous report, Industrial Development and Renovation Organization of Iran (IDRO) managing director Mansour Moazami said that jointly manufactured products would be launched within the next 18-24 months. Iran is a key component of PSA's development strategy in the Middle East and Africa (MEA), which is the third largest region by volume for the automaker after Europe and China, according to IHS Automotive data. This latest development is in line with PSA's long-term plans to sell more than 400,000 units in Iran per year. In October 2015, it launched its DS brand in Iran and it recently officially opened its first dealership in the country. PSA also signed a 50:50 JV agreement with Iran Khodro Industrial Group (IKCO) in January for the production of vehicles in Iran. The new agreement is expected to bolster mutual co-operation in the Iranian automotive industry. According to IHS Automotive, Saipa will begin assembling PSA vehicles at its Kashan plant from 2017. -
Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr
UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Distr. GENERAL Council E/CN.4/1996/59 21 March 1996 ENGLISH ONLY COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Fifty-second session Item 10 of the provisional agenda QUESTION OF THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS IN ANY PART OF THE WORLD, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COLONIAL AND OTHER DEPENDENT COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES Report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr. Maurice Copithorne (Canada), pursuant to Commission resolution 1995/68 of 8 March 1995 and Economic and Social Council decision 1995/279 of 25 July 1995 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page I. INTRODUCTION................... 1- 26 4 A. Position of human rights in the world today . 3 - 6 4 B. Special Representative’s sources ...... 7- 10 5 C. Activities of the Special Representative . 11 - 16 6 D. Correspondence ............... 17- 18 7 E. Underlying questions ............ 19 7 F. Preliminary comments on the Special Representative’s visit to the Islamic Republic of Iran .......... 20- 26 8 GE.96-11290 (E) E/CN.4/1996/59 page 2 CONTENTS (continued) Paragraphs Page II. LEGAL SYSTEM................... 27- 57 9 A. Rights of an accused ............ 28- 29 9 B. Court system ................ 30- 35 10 C. Selection and training of judges ...... 36- 40 11 D. Clerical courts ............... 41 12 E. Punishments ................. 42- 50 13 F. Independent Bar Association ......... 51- 54 14 G. Atmosphere of the law ............ 55- 57 15 III. STATUS OF WOMEN ................. 58- 64 16 IV. THE FATWA AGAINST SALMAN RUSHDIE......... 65- 67 17 V. -
Houses Built on Sand Ii
i Houses built on sand ii Series editors: Simon Mabon, Edward Wastnidge and May Darwich After the Arab Uprisings and the ensuing fragmentation of regime– society relations across the Middle East, identities and geopolitics have become increasingly contested, with serious implications for the ordering of political life at domestic, regional and international levels, best seen in conflicts in Syria and Yemen. The Middle East is the most militarised region in the world, where geopolitical factors remain predominant in shaping political dynamics. Another common feature of the regional landscape is the continued degeneration of communal relations as societal actors retreat into substate identities, while difference becomes increasingly violent, spilling out beyond state borders. The power of religion – and trans- state nature of religious views and linkages – thus provides the means for regional actors (such as Saudi Arabia and Iran) to exert influence over a number of groups across the region and beyond. This series provides space for the engagement with these ideas and the broader political, legal and theological factors to create space for an intellectual reimagining of socio- political life in the Middle East. Originating from the SEPAD project (www.sepad.org.uk), this series facilitates the reimagining of political ideas, identities and organisation across the Middle East, moving beyond the exclusionary and binary forms of identity to reveal the contingent factors that shape and order life across the region. iii Houses built on sand Violence, sectarianism and revolution in the Middle East Simon Mabon Manchester University Press iv Copyright © Simon Mabon 2020 The right of Simon Mabon to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
See the Document
IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways -
Tightening the Reins How Khamenei Makes Decisions
MEHDI KHALAJI TIGHTENING THE REINS HOW KHAMENEI MAKES DECISIONS MEHDI KHALAJI TIGHTENING THE REINS HOW KHAMENEI MAKES DECISIONS POLICY FOCUS 126 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY www.washingtoninstitute.org Policy Focus 126 | March 2014 The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including pho- tocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2014 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei holds a weapon as he speaks at the University of Tehran. (Reuters/Raheb Homavandi). Design: 1000 Colors CONTENTS Executive Summary | V 1. Introduction | 1 2. Life and Thought of the Leader | 7 3. Khamenei’s Values | 15 4. Khamenei’s Advisors | 20 5. Khamenei vs the Clergy | 27 6. Khamenei vs the President | 34 7. Khamenei vs Political Institutions | 44 8. Khamenei’s Relationship with the IRGC | 52 9. Conclusion | 61 Appendix: Profile of Hassan Rouhani | 65 About the Author | 72 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EVEN UNDER ITS MOST DESPOTIC REGIMES , modern Iran has long been governed with some degree of consensus among elite factions. Leaders have conceded to or co-opted rivals when necessary to maintain their grip on power, and the current regime is no excep- tion. -
MISYZA 10D7N Wonders of Iran P44-46.Ai
PREMIUM 10D7N WONDERS OF IRAN TOUR CODE: MISYZA Explore the history of Iran through its and colourful gardens. Wander the streets and explore the ancient cities, that encapsulate much of Iran’s rich history and culture. NASIR ALMOLK MOSQUE, SHIRAZ 44 Exotic | EU Holidays HIGHLIGHTS IRAN SHIRAZ • Nasir al-Mulk Mosque • Zandieh Complex • Qavam House • Eram Gardens Tehran 1 • Karim Khan Fortress IRAN • Ancient Ruins of Persepolis (UNESCO) Kashan • Naqsh-e Rustam & Rajab 3 Yazd • Hafezieh and the Saadieh Isfahan 1 • Pasargadae Tomb of Cyrus The Great (UNESCO) Persepolis Pasargadae YAZD Flight path • Abarkooh Adobe Ice House 2 • Jameh Mosque Traverse by coach Shiraz • Amir Chakhmaq Complex Featured destinations • Water Museum • Old City with Fire Temple Overnight stays 1 2 3 • Towers of Silence ISFAHAN • Imam Square (UNESCO) • Ali Qapu Palace • • Chehel Sotoun Palace (UNESCO) DAY 1 • Bridge of 33 Arches Eram), one of the most beautiful and • Vank Cathedral HOME SHIRAZ Meals on Board monumental gardens of Iran. • Jameh Mosque of Isfahan Assemble at the airport and depart for Shiraz, • Isfahan Bazaar one of the oldest cities of ancient Persia. DAY 4 KASHAN SHIRAZ PASARGADAE YAZD • Fin garden (UNESCO) DAY 2 Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner • Tabātabāei House SHIRAZ Today, make your way to Pasargadae,the • Borujerdis House Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner ancient capital and burial site of Cyrus the • Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse Upon your arrival, begin your tour with the Great, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. TEHRAN highlights of Shiraz, the former capital of Visit the Tomb of Cyrus the Great and • Azadi Tower Iran during the Zand Dynasty. Be inspired remains of Achaemenian palaces and • Golestan Palace by the glorious Karim Khan Fortress and edifices. -
13 Days Persian Carpet Tour Overview
Tour Name: 13 Days Persian Carpet Tour Tour code: OT2313003 Tour Duration: 13 Days and 12 Nights Tour Category: In-depth Tour Difficulty: 2/5 Tour Tags: Tour Best Date: All Month Tour Services Type: Bronze (economy) Tour Destinations: Tehran/ Shiraz/ Yazd/ Naein/ Isfahan/ Kashan Related tours code: Max Group Size: 2-20 Overview: The oldest Iranian handmade carpet was discovered in 1949 in the second stage of the Russian archaeological excavation, Rudenko, in the Pazyryk region, called the Pazyryk carpet. During the period of Iranian carpet evolution, its raw material, wool, and silk have been tied up in Iranian noble roles. The natural progression of the skill and craft involved in the creation of these works of art has been passed down from generation to generation. Geographical dispersion and variation in design, texture, and dyeing of fibers indicate the influence of carpet on the Iranian lifestyle. In this 13-day trip, the “Persian Carpet” can only be part of the Persian carpet culture that belongs to the central Iranian regions. In fact, Persian carpets are not limited to these areas, and carpet from western parts of the country include Kurdistan and Lorestan, the eastern part of Sistan and Baluchistan, and the northern section, including Golestan and Mazandaran, are also very valuable Artistic and handicraft. This itinerary is very valuable in terms of artistic and educational aspects and includes a visit to the carpets of each region and its production workshops as well as workshops to Acquaintance them. If you are interested in familiarizing yourself with the ancient Persian carpet as a lifestyle and authentic art, join us on this journey. -
Deciphering Bin Salman's Change of Tone
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 42nd year No.13932 Saturday MAY 1, 2021 Ordibehesht 11, 1400 Ramadan 18, 1442 Iran closely watching Iran learn fate at Home appliance Claudio Noce’s Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan FIBA U19 Basketball production increases “Padrenostro” to compete border conflict Page 2 World Cup Page 3 by 36% Page 4 in Fajr filmfest Page 8 Dozens ‘crushed to death’ in See page 3 Israel pilgrimage stampede Deciphering A stampede at a religious festival attended will not give up until the last victim by tens of thousands of ultra-Orthodox is evacuated.” Jews in northern Israel has killed at least Zaki Heller, spokesman for the Magen 44 people and injured about 150 early David Adom, said that among the 150 Friday, medical officials said. people who had been hospitalized, six Magen David Adom, the Israeli were in critical condition. bin Salman’s emergency service, said that at least On social media, Benjamin Netanyahu 44 people were killed during the event called it a “heavy disaster” and added: early on Friday, adding “MDA is fighting “We are all praying for the wellbeing of for the lives of dozens wounded, and the casualties.” change of Water, development projects worth over $619m inaugurated TEHRAN - Iranian President Hassan million) in Khuzestan, Mazandaran and Rouhani on Thursday inaugurated three Hormozgan provinces. water supply projects as well as a dam in The projects were inaugurated under tone three provinces through vide conference, the framework of the Energy Ministry’s IRNA reported.