7 Families of Additive Manufacturing According to ASTM F2792 Standards

VAT Powder Bed Binder Material Photopolymerization Fusion (PBF) Jetting Jetting

Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: SLA™- Stereolithography Apparatus SLS™- Selective Laser Sintering; DMLS™- 3DP™- 3D Printing Polyjet™ DLP™- Digital Light Processing Direct Metal Laser Sintering; SLM™- Selective ExOne SCP™- Smooth Curvatures Printing 3SP™- Scan, Spin, and Selectively Photocure Laser Melting: EBM™- Electron Beam Melting; Voxeljet MJM - Multi-Jet Modeling CLIP™ – Continuous Liquid Interface Production SHS™- Selective Heat Sintering; Projet™ MJF™- Multi-Jet Fusion

Description: Description: Description: Description: A vat of liquid photopolymer resin is cured Powdered materials is selectively consolidated Liquid bonding agents are selectively applied Droplets of material are deposited layer by layer through selective exposure to light (via a laser by melting it together using a heat source onto thin layers of powdered material to build up to make parts. Common varieties include jetting or projector) which then initiates polymerization such as a laser or electron beam. The powder parts layer by layer. The binders include organic a photcurable resin and curing it with UV light, and converts the exposed areas to a solid part. surrounding the consolidated part acts and inorganic materials. Metal or ceramic as well as jetting thermally molten materials that assupport material for overhanging features. powdered parts are typically fired in a furnace then solidify in ambient temperatures. after they are printed.

Strengths: Strengths: Strengths: Strengths: • High level of accuracy and complexity • High level of complexity • Allows for full color printing • High level of accuracy • Smooth surface finish • Powder acts as support material • High productivity • Allows for full color parts • Accommodates large build areas • Wide range of materials • Uses a wide range of materials • Enables multiple materials in a single part

Typical Materials Typical Materials Typical Materials Typical Materials UV-Curable Photopolymer Resins Plastics, Metal and Ceramic Powders, and Powdered Plastic, Metal, Ceramics, Glass, Photopolymers, Polymers, Waxes Sand and Sand.

Created and designed by Hybrid Manufacturing Technologies. For more information go to www.hybridmanutech.com 7 Families of Additive Manufacturing According to ASTM F2792 Standards

Sheet Material Directed Energy Lamination Extrusion Deposition (DED) hybrid

Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: LOM - Laminated Object Manufacture FFF - Fused Filament Fabrication LMD - Laser Metal Deposition AMBIT™- Created by Hybrid Manufacturing SDL - Selective Deposition Lamination FDM™- Fused Deposition Modeling LENS™- Laser Engineered Net Shaping Technologies UAM - Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing DMD™- Direct Metal Deposition (DM3D) LENS™ – Laser Engineered Net Shaping DMD™ – Direct Metal Deposition DM3D,

Description: Description: Description: Description: Sheets of material are stacked and laminated Material is extruded through a nozzle or orifice Powder or wire is fed into a melt pool which Laser metal deposition (a form of DED) is together to form an object. The lamination in tracks or beads, which are then combined into has been generated on the surface of the part combined with CNC machining, which allows method can be adhesives or chemical (paper/ multi-layer models. Common varieties include where it adheres to the underlying part or layers additive manufacturing and ‘subtractive’ plastics), ultrasonic welding, or brazing heated thermoplastic extrusion (similar to a hot by using an energy source such as a laser or machining to be performed in a single machine (metals). Unneeded regions are cut out layer by glue gun) and syringe dispensing. electron beam.This is essentially a form of so that parts can utilize the strengths of both layer and removed after the object is built. automated build-up welding. processes.

Strengths: Strengths: Strengths: Strengths: • High volumetric build rates • Inexpensive and economical • Not limited by direction or axis • Smooth surface finish AND High Productivity • Relatively low cost (non-metals) • Allows for multiple colors • Effective for repairs and adding features • Geometrical and material freedoms of DED • Allows for combinations of metal foils, • Can be used in an office environment • Multiple materials in a single part • Automated in-process support removal, including embedding components. • Parts have good structural properties • Highest single-point deposition rates finishing, and inspection

Typical Materials Typical Materials Typical Materials Typical Materials Paper, Plastic Sheets, and Metal Foils/Tapes Thermoplastic Filaments and Pellets (FFF); Metal Wire and Powder, with Ceramics Metal Powder and Wire, with Ceramics Liquids, and Slurries (Syringe Types)

Created and designed by Hybrid Manufacturing Technologies. For more information go to www.hybridmanutech.com