3D PRINTING Introduction Additive Manufacturing Or 3D Printing Is a Process of Making Three Dimensional Solid Objects from a Digital Model
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Accepted Article Preview
ACCEPTED ARTICLE PREVIEW Accepted Article Preview: Published ahead of advance online publication Multi-material multi-photon 3D laser micro- and nanoprinting Liang Yang, Frederik Mayer, Uwe H. F. Bunz, Eva Blasco and Martin Wegener Cite this article as: Liang Yang, Frederik Mayer, Uwe H. F. Bunz, Eva Blasco and Martin Wegener. Multi-material multi-photon 3D laser micro- and nanoprinting. Light: Advanced Manufacturing accepted article preview 29 May 2021; doi: 10.37188/lam.2021.017 This is a PDF file of an unedited peer-reviewed manuscript that has been accepted for publication. LAM are providing this early version of the manuscript as a service to our customers. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting and a proof review before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply. Received 11 February 2021; revised 26 May 2021; accepted 26 May 2021; Accepted article preview online 29 May 2021 Multi-material multi-photonACCEPTED 3D laser ARTICLE micro- and nanoprinting PREVIEW Liang Yang 1, Frederik Mayer 1,2, Uwe H. F. Bunz 3,4, Eva Blasco 1,3,4 and Martin Wegener 1,2 1Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 3Institut für Organische Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 4Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM), Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 and 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Correspondence: Professor Martin Wegener, Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) laser micro- and nanoprinting based upon multi-photon absorption has made its way from early scientific discovery to industrial manufacturing processes, e.g., for advanced microoptical components. -
Advanced Manufacturing Choices
Advanced Manufacturing Choices Additive Manufacturing Techniques J.Ramkumar Dept of Mechanical Engineering IIT Kanpur [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: What is Additive Manufacturing 2. Historical development 3. From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing (AM) – Where are we today? 4. Overview of current AM technologies 1. Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) 2. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3. 3D Printing (3DP) 4. Selected Laser Sintering (SLS) 5. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 6. Multijet Modeling (MJM) 7. Stereolithography (SLA) 5. Modeling challenges in AM 6. Additive manufacturing of architected materials 7. Conclusions 3 From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing What is Rapid Prototyping - From 3D model to physical object, with a “click” - The part is produced by “printing” multiple slices (cross sections) of the object and fusing them together in situ - A variety of technologies exists, employing different physical principles and working on different materials - The object is manufactured in its final shape, with no need for subtractive processing How is Rapid Prototyping different from Additive Manufacturing? The difference is in the use and scalability, not in the technology itself: Rapid Prototyping: used to generate non-structural and non-functional demo pieces or batch-of-one components for proof of concept. Additive Manufacturing: used as a real, scalable manufacturing process, to generate fully functional final components in high-tech materials for low-batch, high-value manufacturing. 4 Why is Additive Manufacturing the Next Frontier? EBF3 = Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (Developed by NASA LaRC) 5 Rapid Prototyping vs Additive Manufacturing today AM breakdown by industry today Wohlers Report 2011 ~ ISBN 0-9754429-6-1 6 From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing A limitation or an opportunity? Rapid Prototyping in a nutshell 1. -
Wire Embedding 3D Printer
Wire Embedding 3D Printer Jacob Bayless, Mo Chen, Bing Dai Engineering Physics University of British Columbia April 12, 2010 Preface This project began when, seeking a self-sponsored project, we decided to pursue the concept of open-source hardware. While searching for a project to develop, we happened upon the RepRap 3D printer. The potential to close the gap between software and hardware that a 3D printer could offer was apparent, and we immediately set out in search of ways to improve the device. Thus began what would become the SpoolHead project, but we three may not claim all of the credit. A large share of the credit goes to the inventors of the RepRap itself, primarily Adrian Bowyer and Ed Sells, but also many other contributors. We also should thank Sebastien Bailard for promoting our project and helping us manage documentation. All of our work on the RepRap would never have been possible if we had not come across Wade Bortz, an inventive and unbelievably generous Vancouver RepRap developer who offered to print us a full set of Darwin parts. When we found that our extruder didn't have enough torque, Wade gave us one of his own geared extruders to \test out". He patiently bore our nagging questions and bicycled all the way to the University of British Columbia campus to attend our presentations. Wade represents the best example of how a community can build itself up around a project and bring people together. It was already near to the end of February when we came into contact with Mr. -
All-Printed Smart Structures: a Viable Option? John O’Donnella, Farzad Ahmadkhanloub, Hwan-Sik Yoon*A, Gregory Washingtonb Adept
All-printed smart structures: a viable option? John O’Donnella, Farzad Ahmadkhanloub, Hwan-Sik Yoon*a, Gregory Washingtonb aDept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870276, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA 35487-0276; bDept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA 92697-3975 ABSTRACT The last two decades have seen evolution of smart materials and structures technologies from theoretical concepts to physical realization in many engineering fields. These include smart sensors and actuators, active damping and vibration control, biomimetics, and structural health monitoring. Recently, additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing and printed electronics have received attention as methods to produce 3D objects or electronic components for prototyping or distributed manufacturing purposes. In this paper, the viability of manufacturing all-printed smart structures, with embedded sensors and actuators, will be investigated. To this end, the current 3D printing and printed electronics technologies will be reviewed first. Then, the plausibility of combining these two different additive manufacturing technologies to create all-printed smart structures will be discussed. Potential applications for this type of all-printed smart structures include most of the traditional smart structures where sensors and actuators are embedded or bonded to the structures to measure structural response and cause desired static and dynamic changes in the structure. Keywords: printed smart structures, 3D printing, printed electronics, printed strain sensor 1. INTRODUCTION Decades of research and development have seen the progression of a variety of different additive manufacturing processes [1]. From basic Fused Deposition modeling to the more intricate Energy Beam methods, the ability to print a diverse selection of structures, both complex and simple, on demand with accuracy and precision has become a reality. -
Call for Papers | 2022 MRS Spring Meeting
Symposium CH01: Frontiers of In Situ Materials Characterization—From New Instrumentation and Method to Imaging Aided Materials Design Advancement in synchrotron X-ray techniques, microscopy and spectroscopy has extended the characterization capability to study the structure, phonon, spin, and electromagnetic field of materials with improved temporal and spatial resolution. This symposium will cover recent advances of in situ imaging techniques and highlight progress in materials design, synthesis, and engineering in catalysts and devices aided by insights gained from the state-of-the-art real-time materials characterization. This program will bring together works with an emphasis on developing and applying new methods in X-ray or electron diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, and other techniques to in situ studies of the dynamics in materials, such as the structural and chemical evolution of energy materials and catalysts, and the electronic structure of semiconductor and functional oxides. Additionally, this symposium will focus on works in designing, synthesizing new materials and optimizing materials properties by utilizing the insights on mechanisms of materials processes at different length or time scales revealed by in situ techniques. Emerging big data analysis approaches and method development presenting opportunities to aid materials design are welcomed. Discussion on experimental strategies, data analysis, and conceptual works showcasing how new in situ tools can probe exotic and critical processes in materials, such as charge and heat transfer, bonding, transport of molecule and ions, are encouraged. The symposium will identify new directions of in situ research, facilitate the application of new techniques to in situ liquid and gas phase microscopy and spectroscopy, and bridge mechanistic study with practical synthesis and engineering for materials with a broad range of applications. -
Neonate: Reinventing Open Source 3D Printers NEONATE: REINVENTING OPEN SOURCE 3D PRINTERS
Neonate: Reinventing Open Source 3d Printers NEONATE: REINVENTING OPEN SOURCE 3D PRINTERS 1AMEY BAVISKAR, 2AMEYA JHAWAR, 3SOHAN MALEGAONKAR, 4ARTH VASAVADA 1,2,3,4Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharastra Abstract— In this paper we are presenting a open source software Neonate, which is combination of two existing open source software OpenSCAD and Printrun using Slic3r and OCP (One Click Print) Paradigm. Neonate that allows the fast development of 3D objects for fabrication on 3D printers. Fabricating with Neonate helps user to easily modify, share or print the 3D objects. Usage of three different software just to print an object is an arduous job. Instead of choosing strenuous path for printing an object this paper allows user to use a single software. As a non searched result, we have observed that Neonate also helps users to save their time. Keywords—Neonate, 3D Printer, Open Source, OpenSCAD, Printrun, OCP Paradigm I. INTRODUCTION later, in May 29th the first replication was achieved. Since then, the reprap community (original reprap 3D printing is a technique of creating 3D solid objects machines and derived designs) has been growing of practically any shape from its digital model and exponentially. The current estimated population is using almost any material. With the use of additive around 4500 machines. The second reprap generation, manufacturing, it refers to creation of objects using called Mendel, was finished in September 2009. Some sequential layering. It is exactly opposite of traditional of the main advantages of the Mendel printers over subtractive process such as drilling, boring and many Darwin are bigger print area, better axis efficiency, other similar processes. -
Paste Deposition Modelling, Deconstructing the Additive Manufacturing Process: Development of Novel Multi- Material Tools and Techniques for Craft Practitioners
PASTE DEPOSITION MODELLING, DECONSTRUCTING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS: DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MULTI- MATERIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CRAFT PRACTITIONERS A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Esteban Schunemann Department of Engineering and Design, Brunel University London 2015 ii I. Abstract A novel paste deposition process was developed to widen the range of possible materials and applications. This experimental process developed an increasingly complex series of additive manufacturing machines, resulting in new combinations of novel materials and deposition paths without sacrificing many of the design freedoms inherit in the craft process. The investigation made use of open-source software together with an approach to programming user originated infill geometries to form structural parts, differing from the somewhat automated processing by 'closed' commercial RP systems. A series of experimental trials were conducted to test a range of candidate materials and machines which might be suitable for the PDM process. The combination of process and materials were trailed and validated using a series of themed case studies including medical, food industry and jewellery. Some of the object created great interest and even, in the case of the jewellery items, won awards. Further evidence of the commercial validity was evidenced through a collaborative partnership resulting in the development of a commercial version of the experimental system called Newton3D. A number of exciting potential future directions having been opened up by this project including silicone fabrics, bio material deposition and inclusive software development for user originated infills and structures. iii II. Acknowledgments First and foremost I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to both my supervisors, Dr. -
Photopolymers in 3D Printing Applications
Photopolymers in 3D printing applications Ramji Pandey Degree Thesis Plastics Technology 2014 DEGREE THESIS Arcada Degree Programme: Plastics Technology Identification number: 12873 Author: Ramji Pandey Title: Photopolymers in 3D printing applications Supervisor (Arcada): Mirja Andersson Commissioned by: Abstract: 3D printing is an emerging technology with applications in several areas. The flexibility of the 3D printing system to use variety of materials and create any object makes it an attractive technology. Photopolymers are one of the materials used in 3D printing with potential to make products with better properties. Due to numerous applications of photo- polymers and 3D printing technologies, this thesis is written to provide information about the various 3D printing technologies with particular focus on photopolymer based sys- tems. The thesis includes extensive literature research on 3D printing and photopolymer systems, which was supported by visit to technology fair and demo experiments. Further, useful information about recent technological advancements in 3D printing and materials was acquired by discussions with companies’ representatives at the fair. This analysis method was helpful to see the industrial based 3D printers and how companies are creat- ing digital materials on its own. Finally, the demo experiment was carried out with fusion deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer at the Arcada lab. Few objects were printed out using polylactic acid (PLA) material. Keywords: Photopolymers, 3D printing, Polyjet technology, FDM -
3D Printing at the Florida Public Library
Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 1 • What is 3D “printing” • A bit of HISTORY • Types of 3D printing technology • Really Interesting 3D printing Applications! • Bringing it Home Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 2 • “A process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down successive thin layers of a material”. • 3D Printing is also referred to as- “ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING” Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 3 A “Three-Dimensional Digital Model” (Paper ‘n Pencil holder designed by students in recent FPL class) Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 4 Finished product printed with the library’s 3D printer Student Product Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 5 • Invented in 1983, 3D printing is not all that new • Chuck Hull, recognized as the “inventor” of 3D printing, filed for a patent August 8, 1986 • Hull coined the phrase “Stereo Lithography” for the technology used in his 3D printer when applying for the patent (granted March 11, 1986) • Let’s watch a brief CNN interview with Chuck Hull Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 6 • The year 2005 is a notable point in the history of 3D printing. This marks the start of the RepRap Project by Dr. Adrian Bowyer at Bath University in England • RepRap is short for replicating rapid prototyper. RepRaps are 3D printers with the additional ability to produce most of the parts necessary to assemble another identical printer. Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 7 “Darwin” The First RepRap Printer Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 8 • With the history lesson covered, let’s look at 3D Printing in the 21st century • What Technology is used to print 3D? • How do you actually make a 3D printed object? Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 9 Concrete Type Technologies Materials Thermoplastics (e.g. -
7 Families of Additive Manufacturing According to ASTM F2792 Standards
7 Families of Additive Manufacturing According to ASTM F2792 Standards VAT Powder Bed Binder Material Photopolymerization Fusion (PBF) Jetting Jetting Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: Alternative Names: SLA™- Stereolithography Apparatus SLS™- Selective Laser Sintering; DMLS™- 3DP™- 3D Printing Polyjet™ DLP™- Digital Light Processing Direct Metal Laser Sintering; SLM™- Selective ExOne SCP™- Smooth Curvatures Printing 3SP™- Scan, Spin, and Selectively Photocure Laser Melting: EBM™- Electron Beam Melting; Voxeljet MJM - Multi-Jet Modeling CLIP™ – Continuous Liquid Interface Production SHS™- Selective Heat Sintering; Projet™ MJF™- Multi-Jet Fusion Description: Description: Description: Description: A vat of liquid photopolymer resin is cured Powdered materials is selectively consolidated Liquid bonding agents are selectively applied Droplets of material are deposited layer by layer through selective exposure to light (via a laser by melting it together using a heat source onto thin layers of powdered material to build up to make parts. Common varieties include jetting or projector) which then initiates polymerization such as a laser or electron beam. The powder parts layer by layer. The binders include organic a photcurable resin and curing it with UV light, and converts the exposed areas to a solid part. surrounding the consolidated part acts and inorganic materials. Metal or ceramic as well as jetting thermally molten materials that assupport material for overhanging features. powdered parts are typically fired in -
History of Additive Manufacturing
Wohlers Report 2012 State of the Industry History of additive This 26-page document is a part of Wohlers Report 2012 and was created for its readers. The document chronicles the history of additive manufacturing manufacturing (AM) and 3D printing, beginning with the initial commercialization of by Terry Wohlers and Tim Gornet stereolithography in 1987 to May 2011. Developments from May 2011 to May 2012 are available in the complete 287-page version of the report. An analysis of AM, from the earliest inventions in the 1960s to the 1990s, is included in the final several pages of this document. Additive manufacturing first emerged in 1987 with stereolithography (SL) from 3D Systems, a process that solidifies thin layers of ultraviolet (UV) light- sensitive liquid polymer using a laser. The SLA-1, the first commercially available AM system in the world, was the precursor of the once popular SLA 250 machine. (SLA stands for StereoLithography Apparatus.) The Viper SLA product from 3D Systems replaced the SLA 250 many years ago. In 1988, 3D Systems and Ciba-Geigy partnered in SL materials development and commercialized the first-generation acrylate resins. DuPont’s Somos stereolithography machine and materials were developed the same year. Loctite also entered the SL resin business in the late 1980s, but remained in the industry only until 1993. After 3D Systems commercialized SL in the U.S., Japan’s NTT Data CMET and Sony/D-MEC commercialized versions of stereolithography in 1988 and 1989, respectively. NTT Data CMET (now a part of Teijin Seiki, a subsidiary of Nabtesco) called its system Solid Object Ultraviolet Plotter (SOUP), while Sony/D-MEC (now D-MEC) called its product Solid Creation System (SCS). -
Stereolithography the First 3D Printing Technology Designated May 18, 2016
ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark Stereolithography The First 3D Printing Technology Designated May 18, 2016 The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Mr. Hull made two significant contributions that advanced the viability of 3D technology: • He designed/established the STL file format that is widely accepted for defining 3D images in 3D printing software. • He established the digital slicing and in-fill Historical Significance of the strategies common in most 3D printing processes. Landmark Mr. Hull obtained patent no. 4,575,330 (filed Stereolithography is recognized as the first August 8, 1984) for an “Apparatus for production commercial rapid prototyping device for what of three-dimensional objects by is commonly known today as 3D printing. 3D stereolithography.” In 1986, he co-founded 3D printing is revolutionizing the way the world Systems, Inc. (3D Systems) to commercialize the thinks and creates, and has been identified as technology. 3D Systems introduced their first 3D a ‘disruptive technology’ – an innovation that printer, the SLA-1, in 1987. has displaced established technologies and created new industries. ASME Landmark Plaque Text 3D Systems SLA-1 3D Printer | 1987 This is the first 3D printer manufactured for commercial sale and use. This system pioneered the rapid development of additive manufacturing, a method in which material is added layer-by-layer to form a solid object, as opposed to traditional manufacturing in which material is cut or machined away. The SLA-1 is based on stereolithography, using a precisely controlled beam of UV light to solidify liquid polymers one layer at a time. Stereolithography process Chuck Hull developed stereolithography in 1983 and formed 3D Systems to manufacture and While the origins of 3D printing date back to market a commercial printer.