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European University Market for 3D Printing and Business Plan of an Additive Manufacturing Laboratory

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European University Market for 3D Printing and Business Plan of an Additive Manufacturing Laboratory 1 POLITECNICO DI TORINO Master’s degree in Management Engineering European University Market for 3D Printing and Business Plan of an Additive Manufacturing Laboratory Supervisor Prof. Maurizio Galetto Candidate Sofia Peroncini Year 2018/2019 2 Nonni, eredità di intenti, speranze mai vanificate, sogni realizzati. Ed oggi che ho raggiunto la grande meta ci siete anche Voi, nel mio cuore, nella mia mente, per sempre. 3 Acknowledgments I especially want to thank Professor Rocco Lupoi for giving me the opportunity to work in a prestigious institute like Trinity College in Dublin. I would also like to thank my supervisor Alex Conway for his guidance and support during all the thesis work and my friends Denise, Celena and Karl, without whom this Irish experience would not have been so beautiful. From the Polytechnic of Turin, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Professor Maurizio Galetto, for giving me the opportunity to live this experience abroad and for his continuous help and support during the work at any time. I could not have achieved this result without the daily support of my wonderful family and Oswald who from the first day have always believed in me by encouraging me and supporting all my decisions taken. I will never be able to thank you enough. I cannot fail to include JEToP - Junior Enterprise Torino Politecnico in my thanks, which made this experience in Turin as one of the most wonderful and formative of my life. In particular, a deep gratitude followed by so much esteem for my two traveling companions Davide and Matteo. Finally, I thank all my friends from Genova, especially Elena, Valentina and The others, who despite the distance and the great commitments faced in these two years and means, have always been close to me believing in our sincere friendship. 4 Table of Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 9 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Problem statement and derivation of research questions ............................................... 12 1.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 13 2 Additive Manufacturing Processes Categories ...................................................................... 15 2.1 The Generic AM Process ............................................................................................... 15 2.2 Overview of AM technologies ....................................................................................... 19 2.2.1 Directed Energy Deposition .................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Binder Jetting .......................................................................................................... 21 2.2.3 Sheet Lamination .................................................................................................... 23 2.2.4 Material Jetting ....................................................................................................... 25 2.2.5 Material Extrusion .................................................................................................. 27 2.2.6 Photopolymerization Processes: SLA- Stereolithography ...................................... 29 2.2.7 Powder Bed Fusion ................................................................................................. 32 3 Global Markets for 3D Printing ............................................................................................. 36 3.1 Global Market for 3D Printing by Technology .............................................................. 36 3.2 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 37 3.3 Market Breakdown by Components ............................................................................... 38 3.3.1 Global Market for 3D printers: ............................................................................... 39 3.3.2 Global Market of 3D Printing Services .................................................................. 41 3.3.3 Global Market for 3D Printing Software ................................................................ 43 3.3.4 Global Market for 3D Printing Material ................................................................. 44 3.4 Market Breakdown by Region ....................................................................................... 45 3.4.1 Europe ..................................................................................................................... 46 4 European Universities Market for 3D Printing ...................................................................... 48 4.1 Data Acquisition ............................................................................................................. 48 4.2 Data Analysis ................................................................................................................. 56 4.2.1 National Geographic Distribution of the Universities investing in Additive Manufacturing ....................................................................................................................... 56 4.2.2 Classification of Laboratories according to TRL .................................................... 62 4.3 Results ............................................................................................................................ 77 5 4.3.1 UK Results .............................................................................................................. 79 4.3.2 German Results ....................................................................................................... 92 4.3.3 Italian Results........................................................................................................ 102 4.3.4 French Results ....................................................................................................... 109 4.4 University Market Research Conclusion...................................................................... 117 5 Ar-Lab’s Business Plan ....................................................................................................... 121 5.1 Equipment .................................................................................................................... 121 5.2 How to use the laboratory ............................................................................................ 124 5.3 Cost Structure ............................................................................................................... 127 5.3.1 Principal Investigator Project Costs ...................................................................... 128 5.3.2 Trinity College Costs ............................................................................................ 129 5.3.3 Ar-Lab - Additive Research Laboratory Costs ..................................................... 129 5.4 Revenue Structure ........................................................................................................ 135 5.4.1 Academic hourly rate ............................................................................................ 136 5.4.2 Organization of events and courses based on Additive Manufacturing ............... 137 5.4.3 Trinity College Revenue ....................................................................................... 140 5.5 Ar-Lab Financial Statement and its strategies.............................................................. 141 5.5.1 Income Statement 2019......................................................................................... 143 5.5.2 Income Statement 2020......................................................................................... 145 5.5.3 Income Statement 2021......................................................................................... 147 5.5.4 Income Statement 2022......................................................................................... 149 5.5.5 Results ................................................................................................................... 150 6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 153 References ................................................................................................................................... 155 6 Table Index Table 1: Overview on the DCE Category .................................................................................... 21 Table 2: Overview on the Binder Jetting category (30) ............................................................... 22 Table 3:Overview on the Sheet Lamination category .................................................................. 24 Table 4: Overview on the Material Jetting category (38) ............................................................ 26 Table 5: Overview on the Material Extrusion category ............................................................... 29 Table 6: Overview on the SLA category ...................................................................................... 31 Table 7: Overview on the Power Bed Fusion category ............................................................... 34 Table 8: Global Market for 3D Printers, by Technology, through 2023,
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