Globalization of Higher Education and Development of Global Human

Presentation by Hideshi SEMBA for other presentations see from the Globalisation of Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/EUJapanHigherEducation Symposium (10/03/2014)

Globalization of Higher Education in Japan:

( Made by Office for International Planning Higher Education Bureau )

10th of March, 2014 Hideshi SEMBA, Mission of Japan to the EU

Globalization of Higher Education in Japan

Outline:

I. Overview of Higher Education System in Japan

II. Student Mobility in Japan

III. Government Policy & Initiatives

1 Presentation by Hideshi SEMBA for other presentations see from the Globalisation of Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/EUJapanHigherEducation Symposium (10/03/2014)

Globalization of Higher Education in Japan

Outline:

I. Overview of Higher Education System in Japan

II. Student Mobility in Japan

III. Government Policy & Initiatives

Types of Academic Degrees 1. Academic degrees and standard periods

Institution Degree Type Standard Period Junior college Associate 2 or 3 years University Bachelor 4 years Master (Academic / University 2 years Professional) (Graduate school) Doctor 5 years 2. Non-academic degrees and standard periods Institution Degree Type Standard Period College of technology Associate 5 years

Professional Training Diploma 2 or 3 years College Advanced Diploma 4 years

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Number of Universities and Students ○ Number of universities (As of May 1, 2013)

Specialized training colleges Category Total Junior Colleges of (with specialized Those on with courses) University Graduate Schools colleges technology

Total 1,198 782 624 359 57 2,812 National 137 86 86 0 51 10 Public 112 90 74 19 3 193 Private 949 606 464 340 3 2,609 ○ Number of students (As of May 1, 2013)

Category Total Graduate Higher technical Correspondence Subtotal Universities Junior colleges colleges (Fourth education schools (Undergraduate) (Regular course) and fifth years)

Total 3,176,987 263,289 2,720,134 2,560,909 137,282 21,943 193,564

National 623,296 154,768 468,528 448,810 0 19,718

Public 151,657 16,276 135,381 126,300 7,587 1,494

Private 2,402,034 92,245 2,116,225 1,985,799 129,695 731 193,564 Source：School Basic Survey FY2013 (Preliminary results) excluding “major course,” “special course” and “other courses” students.) 5

The Population of 18 Year-Old Age and College Advancement Rate in Japan (10,000 persons)

100.0% 300 Capacity (University + 92.4% Enrollment rate: RateJunior of College) enrollee to 90.0% applicants (U+JC)

249 243 250 80.0% 236

213 Advancement Rate 2 204 205 70.0% 201 (University + Junior 200 197 198 195 195 193 200 190 188 188 College) 185 185 186 177 177 60.0% 174 172 173 167 168 168 164 162 162 161 162 158 158 56.2% 156 154 156 156 155 151 151 150 146 18-year-old 50.0% 140 141 150 137 bracket population 133 130 124 122 122 121 120 119 119 119 117 118 117 117 116 40.0% 113 113 110 109 110 111

100 30.0%

20.0% 50

10.0%

0.0% (FY) 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Reference: School Basic Survey FY2009 6

3 Presentation by Hideshi SEMBA for other presentations see from the Globalisation of Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/EUJapanHigherEducation Symposium (10/03/2014)

Globalization of Higher Education in Japan

Outline:

I. Overview of Higher Education System in Japan

II. Student Mobility in Japan

III. Government Policy & Initiatives

International Students in Japan

Year Source: MEXT, JASSO 8 8

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Japanese Students studying abroad under the Student Exchange Agreements

90,000 82,945 Source: OECD 「 Education at a Glance」、 IIE 「OPEN DOORS」 79,455 80,023 80,000 75,586 76,465 78,151 75,156 74,551 76,492 70,000 66,833 64,284 59,468 Total 59,923 60,000 62,324 59,460 55,145 51,295 58,060 50,000

40,000 39,258 36,656

32,609 28,804 30,000 26,893 Source MEXT and JASSO 23,633 24,508 18,066 22,798 20,689 20,000 17,926 23,806 23,988 15,485 13,961 15,564 18,570 15,246 15,335 14,297 14,938 10,000 Those Under the Student Exchange Agreements

0 183 284 385 486 875 886 897 908 919 1092 1193 1294 1395 1496 1597 1698 1799 1800 1901 2002 2103 2204 2305 2406 2507 0826 0927 1028 1129 Year 9 9

Inter-university Exchange Agreements

• The number of inter-university exchange agreements is steadily increasing.

The number of inter-university exchange agreements Top 5 partner countries/regions (FY2011) between Japan and foreign countries.

Number of Rank Country agreements

1 China 3,865

2 US 2,662

3 South Korea 2,158

4 Taiwan 943

5 UK 880

Source: “Reform of University Education,” MEXT

5 Presentation by Hideshi SEMBA for other presentations see from the Globalisation of Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/EUJapanHigherEducation Symposium (10/03/2014)

Globalization of Higher Education in Japan

Outline:

I. Overview of Higher Education System in Japan

II. Student Mobility in Japan

III. Government Policy & Initiatives

MEXT Policy for Internationalization of H.E. (2014 Planned Budget) New in 2014 1) Top Global University 2) Go Global Japan Internationalization & Project Outbound Enhancement of Japanese Universities’ \2.2 billion International Competitiveness for 42 projects \7.7 billion for 30 projects Promotion of Student Exchanges 3) Re-Inventing Japan Project Internationalization of Educational & Collaborative Programs CAMPUS Asia ICI-ECP Outbound Trilateral partnership AIMS \8.6 billion with China and Korea Student Exchange \800 million for 16 projects under G to G Collaboration \300 million for 13 projects Inbound U.S.A. and EU \26.9 billion Collaborative Programs New in 2014 \600 million for 12 projects Russia, India etc. Collaborative Programs ASEAN \300 million for 6 projects Collaborative Programs \700 million for 17 projects

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Expanding Support for Internationalization of Japanese Universities

(billion yen) Top Global University Project

Go Global Japan

Re-Inventing Japan Project

Global 30 Project

Government Scholarship for Study Abroad (billion yen) (# of scholarships) 8 Year 2009 2014* 7 A new # long-term 50 250 6 (more than 1 yr.) system to promote 5 students to # short-term 740 20,000 study abroad 4 (less than 1 yr.)

0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 14

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Top Global University Project

AIM  Introduce fully mobilizing systems and budget  Achieve structural change to form global universities and open up a new scenery of higher education in the world  Stimulate cooperation with world top universities  Foster innovative approaches for global competitiveness Target (7.7 billion, 10 consecutive years) Leading- ○ Top Type (10 universities) Top Type Global Type Universities for world rankings top 100 ○ Leading-Global Type (20 universities) Top Global University Project Universities to lead internationalization

（Example of system reforms） •Joint Degree Go Global Japan •Overseas expansion etc…

（Common conditions） •Improving ratio of foreign faculty members and students •Increasing lectures in English •Thorough disclosure etc…

2) Go Global Japan (2012~) Goal •Overcome "inward tendency“ ●Type A (University-wide) 11 universities •Nurture global talent ●Type B (Faculty/school-specific) 31 •Internationalize university education universities

Grants •5 years •1~2 million yen for each year/university •Competitive basis Requirements •Set targets: TOEFL score Number of students studying abroad •Offer special programs (intensive language training, study abroad) •Engage in faculty & staff development, recruit foreign professors

Number of students studying abroad (from proposals): # Selected # Study Abroad # Study Abroad Program Type Universities (2012) (2016)

A (university-wide) 11 4,500 10,300

B (faculty-specific) 31 3,300 5,700 Total 42 7,800 16,000 16

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3) Re-Inventing Japan Project (2011~) Project Summary  Inter-university programs which conduct cooperative education with overseas institutions.  Mutual credit recognition and academic performance evaluation implemented within common framework.

*the numbers of students are expected results for the period of 2011 to 2015. Types of Project

CAMPUS Asia ASEAN ICI-ECP Trilateral partnership Collaborative Programs with China and Korea Student Exchange 17 programs under G to G 10 programs Inbound 3,415 students Collaboration Inbound 1,030 students Outbound 2,882 students 2programs Outbound 1,145 students

U.S.A. and EU AIMS Russia and India Collaborative Programs Student Exchange 12 programs under G to G Collaborative Programs Inbound 2,029 student Collaboration *New in 2014 *New in 2014 Outbound 1,922 students 7 programs

Global 30 Project (2009～2013)  13 top universities providing the highest level of research and education in the world

 Offering degree programs in English – Japanese proficiency is not required at the admission – More than 30 undergraduate programs – More than 120 graduate programs Take Entrance Examinations at Home Countries – International students can take admission test in their home countries. Support for International Students – International student-friendly environments – Considerate support for living and studying in Japan Assistance for academic matters, Career planning, Visas, Financial support, Housing etc. 18

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List of Selected Universities Promotion of Global Human Resource Development Re-Inventing Japan Project Global 30 Region Prefecture FY2012～FY2016 FY2012～FY2016 FY2013～FY2017 FY2012～FY2016 FY2011～FY2015 FY2009～FY2013 ・Hokkaido University（AIMS） Hokkaido Hokkaido ・Hokkaido Univ. ・Rakuno Gakuen University ・Hokkaido Univ. （Ⅰ）（AIMS） Aomori, Akita, Iwate, ・Tohoku Univ. ・Akita International Univ. Tohoku Yamagata, Miyagi, ・Tohoku Univ（ICI-ECP）・Tohoku Univ. ・Akita International Univ. （Ｂ－Ⅰ） Fukushima ・Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ. ・Tokyo Univ. of Marine Science ・Univ. of Tokyo and Technology (Ａ-Ⅰ)（Ｂ－Ⅰ）・The University of Tokyo ・Tokyo Institute of Technology ・Tokyo Institute of Technology （AIMS）・Hitotsubashi Univ. (Ａ-Ⅰ)（Ｂ－Ⅰ）・Tokyo University of ・University of Tokyo （Ⅰ）・Ochanomizu Univ. ・Asia Univ. ・Hitotsubashi Univ. ・Univ. of Tokyo Agriculture and Technology ・Tokyo Medical and Dental ・International Christian ・Kyorin Univ. （Ａ－Ⅰ）・Keio Univ. （AIMS） University（Ⅰ） Tokyo Tokyo University ・Shibaura Institute of ・National Graduate Institute ・Meiji Univ. ・Tokyo Metropolitan University ・Meiji Univ. （Ⅰ）・Chuo University Technology for Policy Studies ・Sophia Univ. （AIMS）・Keio Univ. （Ⅰ）・Waseda University ・Showa Women's Univ. （Ａ－Ⅰ）・Waseda Univ. ・Sophia University（AIMS）・Waseda Univ. （Ⅱ）・Sophia Univ. ・Keio Univ. ・Waseda University（AIMS）・Soka Univ. （Ｂ-Ⅰ）（Ｂ－Ⅱ）・Toho University（ICI-ECP）・Toyo Univ. ・Waseda Univ. ・Hosei Univ. （Ａ－Ⅱ）（Ｂ-Ⅰ）・Musashino Art Univ. ・Meiji Univ. ・Univ. of Tsukuba Saitama, Chiba, ・Saitama Univ. Kanagawa, Yamanashi, ・Niigata Univ. Kanto- ・University of Tsukuba（AIMS）・Univ. of Tsukuba（Ｂ－Ⅱ） Ibaraki, Tochigi, ・Chiba Univ. ・Kanda Univ. of International ・Chiba Univ. （Ⅱ）・Univ. of Tsukuba Koshinetsu ・Ibaraki University（AIMS）・Chiba Univ. （Ｂ－Ⅱ） Gunma, Nagano, Studies Niigata ・Maebashi Kyoai Gakuen College ・Nagoya Univ. Shizuoka, Aichi, Gifu, ・Aichi Univ. Tokai- （Ａ－Ⅰ）（Ｂ－Ⅰ） Mie, Toyama, ・Aichi Prefectual Univ. ・Nagoya Univ. （Ⅱ）・Nagoya Univ. Hokuriku ・Nagoya Univ. 、Tohoku Univ. Ishikawa, Fukui ・Univ. of Fukui （Ａ－Ⅰ）・Ritsumeikan University（AIMS）・Kyoto Prefectural University ・Kyoto Univ.（Ａ－Ⅱ）・Kyoto Univ. Kyoto, Osaka, Shiga, ・Kobe Univ. （ICI-ECP）・Osaka Univ.（Ａ－Ⅱ）・Doshisha Univ. ・Kyoto Univ. （Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）・Osaka Univ. Kinki Nara, Wakayama, ・Kyoto Sangyo Univ. ・Osaka University（ICI-ECP）・Kobe Univ.（Ａ－Ⅰ）・Kwansei Gakuin Univ. ・Kobe Univ. 、Osaka Univ. （Ⅰ）・Doshisha Univ. Hyogo ・Ritsumeikan Univ. ・Kobe University（ICI-ECP）・Ritsumeikan Univ.（Ａ－Ⅰ）・Ritsumeikan Univ. ・Nara Women's university(ICI- ・Kwansei Gakuin Univ.（Ｂ－Ⅱ） ECP)

Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Okayama, Shimane, ・Tottori Univ. Chugoku- ・Ehime Univ. 、Kagawa Univ. 、・Okayama Univ.（Ａ－Ⅰ） Tottori, Ehime, ・Yamaguchi Univ. ・Hiroshima University（AIMS） Shikoku Kochi Univ.（Ⅰ）・Hiroshima Univ. （Ｂ－Ⅱ） Kagawa, Kochi, ・Yamaguchi Prefectual Univ. Tokushima Fukuoka, Saga, Oita, ・Kyushu Univ. ・Kyushu Univ. 、Waseda Univ. ・Kyushu Univ. （Ａ－Ⅰ） Kyushu- Nagasaki, Kumamoto, ・Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Univ. ・Nagasaki Univ. ・Kyushu University（ICI-ECP）（Ⅰ）・Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Univ. ・Kyushu Univ. Okinawa Miyazaki, Kagoshima, ・The Univ. of Kitakyushu ・Kyushu Univ. （Ⅱ）（Ｂ－Ⅰ） Okinawa 19

Abe-Education

 Global human resources development: Important policy agenda item of Abe administration - Economic competitiveness - Revitalizing education  Double students’ mobility by 2020 - 300,000 inbound and 120,000 outbound - Government-Industry-Academia joint efforts  Strong universities - 10 Japanese universities among world top 100

10 Presentation by Hideshi SEMBA for other presentations see from the Globalisation of Higher Education http://tinyurl.com/EUJapanHigherEducation Symposium (10/03/2014)

Joint Press Statement of 21st Japan-EU Summit (Tokyo, 19 November 2013)

 48.Summit leaders noted with satisfaction that cooperation in people-to-people exchanges including through the 4th Japan-EU English Haiku contest, partnerships, mobility programmes and academic exchanges between institutions of higher education had brought mutual benefits, increased inter-cultural links and enhanced mutual understanding. They considered it was very important to maintain these initiatives and further strengthen bilateral relations in education and culture. In this connection, Japan decided to invite young European intellectuals and researchers to Japan in February or March 2014, and the EU welcomed Japan’s initiative. Exchanges at higher education levels could be increased through the Erasmus+ programme including through more double degree projects and joint mobility. In addition, the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme will offer fellowships for young as well as experienced researchers from all over the world.