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External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish
東京外国語大学論集 第 100 号(2020) TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES, AREA AND CULTURE STUDIES 100 (2020) 43 External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish 「少数言語」の対外普及 ̶̶ バスク語とカタルーニャ語 の事例をスペイン語の事例と比較しつつ HAGIO Sho W o r l d L a n g u a g e a n d S o c i e t y E d u c a t i o n C e n t r e , T o k y o U n i v e r s i t y o f F o r e i g n S t u d i e s 萩尾 生 東京外国語大学 世界言語社会教育センター 1. The Historical Background of Language Dissemina on Overseas 2. Theore cal Frameworks 2.1. Implemen ng the Basis of External Diff usion 2.2. Demarca on of “Internal” and “External” 2.3. The Mo ves and Aims of External Projec on of a Language 3. The Case of Spain 3.1. The Overall View of Language Policy in Spain 3.2. The Cervantes Ins tute 3.3. The Ramon Llull Ins tute 3.4. The Etxepare Basque Ins tute 4. Transforma on of Discourse 4.1. The Ra onale for External Projec on and Added Value 4.2. Toward Deterritorializa on and Individualiza on? 5. Hypothe cal Conclusion Keywords: Language spread, language dissemination abroad, minority language, Basque, Catalan, Spanish, linguistic value, linguistic market キーワード:言語普及、言語の対外普及、少数言語、バスク語、カタルーニャ語、スペイン語、言語価値、 言語市場 ᮏ✏䛾ⴭసᶒ䛿ⴭ⪅䛜ᡤᣢ䛧䚸 䜽䝸䜶䜲䝔䜱䝤䞉 䝁䝰䞁䝈⾲♧㻠㻚㻜ᅜ㝿䝷䜲䝉䞁䝇䠄㻯㻯㻙㻮㼅㻕ୗ䛻ᥦ౪䛧䜎䛩䚹 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.ja 萩尾 生 Hagio Sho External Projection of a “Minority Language”: Comparing Basque and Catalan with Spanish 「少数言語」 の対外普及 —— バスク語とカタルーニャ語 の 事 例をスペイン語の事例と比較しつつ 44 Abstract This paper explores the value of the external projection of a minority language overseas, taking into account the cases of Basque and Catalan in comparison with Spanish. -
Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940
lieven ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth-Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Studia Fennica Litteraria The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Pasi Ihalainen, Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Timo Kaartinen, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Taru Nordlund, Title of Docent, Lecturer, University of Helsinki, Finland Riikka Rossi, Title of Docent, Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Katriina Siivonen, Substitute Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Lotte Tarkka, Professor, University of Helsinki, Finland Tuomas M. S. Lehtonen, Secretary General, Dr. Phil., Finnish Literature Society, Finland Tero Norkola, Publishing Director, Finnish Literature Society Maija Hakala, Secretary of the Board, Finnish Literature Society, Finland Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Lieven Ameel Helsinki in Early Twentieth- Century Literature Urban Experiences in Finnish Prose Fiction 1890–1940 Finnish Literature Society · SKS · Helsinki Studia Fennica Litteraria 8 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant. -
On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015
SQS On Publishing Queer Topics in Finland 1–2/2015 Alexandra Stang 48 Lectio Praecursoria Literature as history On Friday, the 28th of November 2014, the former Finnish parliament grow up alone; there is no history. […] It is as though, in Adrienne Rich’s approved same-sex marriage. Thousands of supporters of marriage equality phrase, if you were gay, ‘you looked into the mirror and saw nothing’. Thus had gathered around the Parliament, while opponents of the measure the discovery of a history and a tradition and a sense of heritage must be found themselves vastly outnumbered. It was a historical day of equal done by each individual […] (Tóibín, 14.5.2015).” rights in Finland. In naming the lack of an understanding and an awareness of a history of In May 2015, also the Irish people approved equal marriage. Before the queerness that prevails still today, Toíbín made an essential point. In order referendum in Ireland, the author Colm Tóibín was among the many to understand the character and significance of an event like approving activists who spoke for this change in law. In his speech at Trinity College, equal marriage, one needs to know the history of a minority, that has long Tóibín especially emphasised the importance of literature for society remained in the shadows of society and history writing in Finland as well. and the way it deals with its minorities. It is not only the legal status that generates change within the minds of people. Literature has long been And what could be more useful for making such a history visible than equally important for the visibility of queer people. -
The Activities of the Institut Ramon Llull in the Con- Text of Multicultural Collaboration Between Spain and Russia
THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUT RAMON LLULL IN THE CON- TEXT OF MULTICULTURAL COLLABORATION BETWEEN SPAIN AND RUSSIA M. Moseykina, Y. Moseykin, E. Kargovskaia, V. Kuznetsova Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) Abstract Language is the main means of communication between people. It allows us to express thoughts and emotions, helps us learn and teach. Language is a basic way of culture and traditions transmitting, as well as solving many other vital tasks. The official motto of the European Union is "United in diversity". This means that the multitude of cul- tures, traditions and languages in Europe is a positive capital for the continent. Undoubtedly European countries are a prime example of linguistic and cultural diversity. In Spain along with Spanish (Castilian) there are four co-official languages: Catalan, Galician, Basque and Aranese. It has not been an easy task to conserve multilingualism in Spain. This is the result of a complex process of deliberate saving of cultural and linguistic identity both between different regions and peoples of Spain and in the international scene. In the European Union, Catalan is the 14th language by the number of speakers, in the other words, it is spoken much more often than languages such as Slovakian, Lithuanian or Danish. Catalan is co- official language in the Spanish autonomous regions of Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. Also, it is the only official language of the independent state of Andorra. Moreover, Catalan is spoken in the French department of Pyrénées Orientales and in the Italian city of Alghero in Sardinia. Today, the main instrument for popularizing Catalan culture and conducting activities to the spread of Catalan language abroad is the Institut Ramon Llull. -
Finnish Studies Volume 18 Number 2 July 2015 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-95-4
JOURNAL OF INNISH TUDIES F S International Influences in Finnish Working-Class Literature and Its Research Guest Editors Kirsti Salmi-Niklander and Kati Launis Theme Issue of the Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 18 Number 2 July 2015 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-937875-95-4 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458 (P.O. Box 2146), Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 SUBSCRIPTIONS, ADVERTISING, AND INQUIRIES Contact Business Office (see above & below). EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki; [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University; [email protected] Hilary Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University; hilary.virtanen@finlandia. edu Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University; [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Titus Hjelm, Lecturer, University College London Richard Impola, Professor Emeritus, New Paltz, New York Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, Department of Finnish Literature, University of Helsinki Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, Institute for Northern Culture, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury George Schoolfield, Professor Emeritus, Yale University Beth L. -
Artists' International Mobility Programs December 2004
D'Art number 17 Artists' International Mobility Programs December 2004 Prepared by Judith Staines for IFACCA D'Art aims to consolidate and maximise the expertise of the world's arts councils and culture agencies. For more information visit www.ifacca.org ISSN: 1832-3332 © Judith Staines and IFACCA 2004 This report may be used freely with acknowledgement. Suggested reference: Staines, J., 2004, ‘Artists' International Mobility Programs’, D’Art Topics in Arts Policy, no.17, International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies, Sydney, http://www.ifacca.org/ifacca2/en/organisation/page09_BrowseDart.asp. IFACCA is interested in hearing from anyone who cites this report. Disclaimer: This report has been written by Judith Staines in consultation with the IFACCA secretariat and IETM. Errors, omissions and opinions are the responsibility of the author and the Secretariat and cannot be attributed to the respondents listed in Appendix 1, nor to the Board or members of IFACCA. D’Art 17: Artists’ International Mobility Programs ‘The studio of the post-modern artist is the world. Migrating artists belong with the many transcultural messengers of a world whose keywords are nomadism and globalism. Michael Haerdter, founder member and first President, Res Artis Post-modern Nomadism (a talk given at Res Artis AGM), 1996 Every culture must be open to the universal and yet solidly anchored, in other words to have both wings and roots. Ministère de la Culture et des Communications, Québec, Culture Québec, a culture that travels the world Introduction This report summarises the outcome of IFACCA’s seventeenth D’Art question, which was sent by Mary Ann De Vlieg, Network Coordinator of the Informal European Theatre Meeting (IETM). -
Finnish Literature Society
Folklore Fellows’ NETWORK No. 1 | 2018 www.folklorefellows.fi • www.folklorefellows.fi • www.folklorefellows.fi Folklore Fellows’ NETWORK No. 1 | 2018 FF Network is a newsletter, published twice a year, related to Contents FF Communications. It provides information on new FFC volumes and on articles related to cultural studies by internationally recognised authors. The Two Faces of Nationalism 3 Pekka Hakamies Publisher Fin nish Academy of Science An Update to the Folklore Fellows’ Network and Letters, Helsinki Bulletin 4 Petja Kauppi Editor Pekka Hakamies [email protected] National Identity and Folklore: the Case of Ireland 5 Mícheál Briody Editorial secretary Petja Kauppi [email protected] Folk and Nation in Estonian Folkloristics 15 Liina Saarlo Linguistic editor Clive Tolley Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Archives 26 Editorial office Risto Blomster, Outi Hupaniittu, Marja-Leena Jalava, Katri Kalevala Institute, University of Turku Kivilaakso, Juha Nirkko, Maiju Putkonen & Jukka Saarinen Address Kalevala Institute, University of Turku Latest FFC Publications 31 20014 Turku, Finland FFC 313: Latvian Folkloristics in the Interwar Period. Ed. Dace Bula. FFC 314: Matthias Egeler, Atlantic Outlooks on Being at Home. Folklore Fellows on the internet www.folklorefellows.fi ISSN-L 0789-0249 ISSN 0789-0249 (Print) ISSN 1798-3029 (Online) Subscriptions Cover: Student of Estonian philology, Anita Riis (1927−1995) is standing at the supposed-to-be www.folklorefellows.fi Kalevipoeg’s boulder in Porkuni, northern Estonia in 1951. (Photo by Ülo Tedre. EKM KKI, Foto 1045) Editorial The Two Faces of Nationalism Pekka Hakamies his year many European nations celebrate their centenaries; this is not mere chance. The First World War destroyed, on top of everything else, many old regimes where peoples that had T lived as minorities had for some time been striving for the right to national self-determina- tion. -
The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland
Nordic Journal of African Studies 1(2): 82–93 (1992) The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland The question has frequently been asked: would Finland exist as a nation state without Lönnrot's Kalevala? There is no need to answer this, but perhaps we may assume that sooner or later someone would have written the books which would have formed the necessary building material for the national identity of the Finns. During the mid 1980s, when the 150th anniversary of the Kalevala was being celebrated in Finland, several international seminars were held and thousands of pages of research and articles were published. At that time some studies appeared in which the birth of the nation state was examined from a pan-European perspective. SMALL NATION STATES "The nation state - an independent political unit whose people share a common language and believe they have a common cultural heritage - is essentially a nineteenth-century invention, based on eighteenth-century philosophy, and which became a reality for the most part in either the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The circumstances in which this process took place were for the most part marked by the decline of great empires whose centralised sources of power and antiquated methods of administrations prevented an effective response to economic and social change, and better education, with all the aspirations for freedom of thought and political action that accompany such changes." Thus said Professor Michael Branch (University of London) at a conference on the literatures of the Uralic peoples held in Finland in the summer of 1991. -
08.2013 Edinburgh International Book Festival
08.2013 Edinburgh International Book Festival Celebrating 30 years Including: Baillie Gifford Children’s Programme for children and young adults Thanks to all our Sponsors and Supporters The Edinburgh International Book Festival is funded by Benefactors James and Morag Anderson Jane Attias Geoff and Mary Ball Lel and Robin Blair Richard and Catherine Burns Kate Gemmell Murray and Carol Grigor Fred and Ann Johnston Richard and Sara Kimberlin Title Sponsor of Schools and Children’s Alexander McCall Smith Programmes & the Main Theatre Media Partner Fiona Reith Lord Ross Richard and Heather Sneller Ian Tudhope and Lindy Patterson Claire and Mark Urquhart William Zachs and Martin Adam and all those who wish to remain anonymous Trusts The Barrack Charitable Trust The Binks Trust Booker Prize Foundation Major Sponsors and Supporters Carnegie Dunfermline Trust The John S Cohen Foundation The Craignish Trust The Crerar Hotels Trust The final version is the white background version and applies to situations where only the wordmark can be used. Cruden Foundation The Educational Institute of Scotland The MacRobert Trust Matthew Hodder Charitable Trust The Morton Charitable Trust SINCE Scottish New Park Educational Trust Mortgage Investment The Robertson Trust 11 Trust PLC Scottish International Education Trust 909 Over 100 years of astute investing 1 Tay Charitable Trust Programme Supporters Australia Council for the Arts British Centre for Literary Translation and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation Edinburgh Unesco City of Literature Goethe Institute Italian Cultural Insitute The New Zealand Book Council Sponsors and Supporters NORLA (Norwegian Literature Abroad) Publishing Scotland Scottish Poetry Library South Africa’s Department of Arts and Culture Word Alliance With thanks The Edinburgh International Book Festival is sited in Charlotte Square Gardens by kind permission of the Charlotte Square Proprietors. -
The New Literature from Europe Festival NYC's Largest Literature In
The New Literature from Europe Festival NYC’s Largest Literature in Translation Celebration December 7-10, 2016 NEW YORK – The New Literature from Europe Festival, New York City’s top European literary event, returns in its 13th year to present best-selling, award-winning, and emerging authors from across the continent. The four-day festival welcomes more than 40 authors, journalists, poets and translators in events at bookstores, theatres, and special venues throughout New York City from December 7 to 10. Curated and produced by 20 Square Feet Productions, the programs feature readings, conversations, and panel discussions with European and American literary luminaries. “At a time of division in Europe, the United States, and the world, the Festival provides a unique opportunity for us to come together in celebration of great literature and all that unites us,” says Sean Bye, President, New Literature from Europe Festival. European festival guests include Elena Alexieva (Sofia, Bulgaria), Colin Barrett (County Mayo, Ireland), Ann Cotten (Vienna, Austria), Cristian Crusat (Málaga, Andalusia, Spain), Stefan Hertmans (Ghent, Flanders, Belgium), Susana Moreira Marques (Porto, Portugal), Immanuel Mifsud (Paola, Malta), Mihkel Mutt (Tartu, Estonia), Martí Sales (Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain), Asle Skredderberget (Oslo, Norway), Yoko Tawada (Berlin, Germany), Krisztina Tóth (Budapest, Hungary), Szczepan Twardoch (Silesia, Poland), Matei Visniec (Suceava, Romania) and Tommy Wieringa (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Joining the festival, alongside our guests from Europe, are best-selling and acclaimed authors, Salman Rushdie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Eliot Weinberger, Deborah Eisenberg, Benjamin Nugent, and Elizabeth Flock; poets Nick Laird, Nick Flynn, and Nathanle Handal; The New Yorker’s Cressida Leyshon; the BBC’s Michael Maher; Open Letter Books’ Chad W. -
La Projecció Exterior De La Llengua Catalana
ANUARIO CERVANTES 05 4/8/06 08:42 Página 383 LA PROJECCIÓ EXTERIOR DE LA LLENGUA CATALANA Maria Àngels Prats Mora l català, llengua romànica que compta amb més de mil anys d’història, és un element d’identitat que compartei- E xen Andorra, Catalunya, les Illes Balears, el País Valencià, la Franja de Ponent, la Catalunya sota administració francesa i la ciutat sarda de l’Alguer. A més, representa una aportació molt preuada a la cultura mediterrània, europea i universal. La política de suport a la llengua catalana i a la seva cultu- fonguin la llengua i la cultura catalanes tant entre el públic ra a l’exterior és clau per a la seva vitalitat i prestigi, ja que en general com a les institucions públiques, especial- contribueix a concedir-li més reconeixement internacio- ment en l’àmbit internacional. nal. Els resultats d’aquesta política s’han fet especialment evidents durant els últims anys amb la presència de la cul- tura catalana com a convidada d’honor en les dues princi- Ensenyament del català pals fires del llibre del món: Guadalajara l’any 2004 i Frank- en l’àmbit universitari furt el proper any 2007. L’organisme impulsor d’aquestes activitats és l’Insti- L’Àrea de Llengua ofereix subvencions anuals a les universi- tut Ramon Llull, el principal objectiu del qual és la pro- tats i als centres d’estudis superiors de tot el món que for- jecció exterior de la llengua i la cultura catalanes en to- min part de la Xarxa de lectorats. Actualment, aquesta xar- tes les seves modalitats i mitjans d’expressió. -
Pen / Irl Report on the International Situation Of
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