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Conoce Tu Herstory-2 Conocé tu herstory. El espacio drag o cómo Heráclito y Aristóteles podrían haber sido Drag RH 127 Queens EZEQUIEL FERNÁNDEZ Know your “Herstory”. Drag MORÓN SOFÍA ROATTA space, or How Heraclitus and Aristotle Could Have Been Drag Queens EZEQUIEL FERNÁNDEZ de la materia Historia de la SOFÍA ROATTA MORÓN arquitectura I en las cátedras Arquitecta egresada de la Arquitecto egresado de la Sabugo y Aboy, FADU-UBA. Facultad de Arquitectura, Facultad de Arquitectura, ezefernandezmoron@gmail. Diseño y Urbanismo de la Diseño y Urbanismo de la com Universidad de Buenos Aires Universidad de Buenos Aires (FADU-UBA). Actualmente (FADU-UBA). Es becario cursa la Maestría en Historia UBACyT de la Maestría en y Crítica de la Arquitectura, Historia y Crítica de la Diseño y Urbanismo, Arquitectura, Diseño y FADU-UBA. Trabaja de forma Urbanismo, FADU-UBA. independiente. Es docente Participa como investigador de la materia Historia de la en formación del Instituto de arquitectura I en la cátedra Arte Americano “Mario J. Sabugo y de Historia de la Buschiazzo” en el proyecto arquitectura III en la cátedra “Historia de la arquitectura Aboy, FADU-UBA. para la salud en Buenos sofi[email protected] Aires 1855-1955. Primera parte: los asilos 1880-1930” a cargo del Dr. Arq. Horacio Caride Bartrons. Es docente Palabras clave: espacio / drag / performance / devenir / identidad / esencia Key words: space / drag / performance / becoming / identity / essence 128 RH RESUMEN Este artículo se propone ABSTRACT This article´s purpose is to ENSAYO analizar los espacios de la escena analyze the drag-scene, using RECEPCIÓN: 16/06/2019 drag, tomando como eje el discurso Aristotle’s metaphysic concepts of ACEPTACIÓN: 18/11/2019 metafísico aristotélico del acto y la act and potency, substance and potencia, la sustancia y los acciden- accidents, to help us understand the tes para ayudarnos a comprender el permanent change that drag devenir constante que propone el proposes, and how this is shown in drag, y cómo esto se ve reflejado en the spaces it takes place. For this los espacios donde se lleva a cabo. we’ll analyze the space as if it were Para esto realizaremos un análisis dragged, working out a parallelism del espacio como si este mismo between the person (and its estuviera travestido, trazando así un performance), and that used space. paralelo entre la persona y el espacio performativo. This work was done reviewing press and audio-visual material, El trabajo se realizó revisando mate- which allowed us to approach a rial de prensa y audiovisual, lo cual diversity of looks, where the virtue nos permitió aproximarnos a una lies in the proximity with the object diversidad heterogénea de miradas of study, and in so, achieving an cuya virtud, además, fue su cercanía approach that does not end in con el objeto de estudio, logrando así the paradigmatic theories and un abordaje que no se agota en las definitions. teorías y definiciones de los autores paradigmáticos. EZEQUIEL FERNÁNDEZ MORÓN • SOFÍA ROATTA El término drag se remonta a la época cuando tratamos de definir límites de victoriana, cuando en un intento por lo ilimitado, cuando construimos reafirmar las tendencias misóginas de paredes alrededor del género y la las épocas isabelinas, las mujeres no sexualidad (Leake, 2015: 57). tenían permiso para subir al escenario y prestar su cuerpo al noble arte del teatro A partir de esto entendemos que uno de para no ser confundidas con prostitutas los lugares donde hubo un gran desarro- que intentarán venderse al mejor postor. llo de la cultura drag fue Nueva York. Se les dio entonces lugar a los hombres, Especialmente a partir de los años ’70, para interpretar los roles femeninos, se ampliaron y diversificaron las apareciendo en los libretos con la sigla propuestas de expresión performática RH 129 DRAG (Dressed As Girl) (Baker, 2002). del under¹, de la mano de figuras como Crystal LaBeija, Dorian Corey, Angie Drag puede ser un adjetivo o un sustan- Extravaganza, Paris Dupree, quienes tivo. Como sustantivo se refiere a la rechazades por sus xadres biologiques se utilización de una vestimenta del sexo refugiaron en ballrooms y houses, que se opuesto. Sin embargo, el drag con el constituían como verdaderas familias. El tiempo ha tomado un carácter distinto, ballroom era una oportunidad para ser siendo considerado como la utilización valiose en un mundo en el que constan- de cualquier vestimenta que implique un temente les decían que no valían. Esta rol social. El concepto de drag implica escena se va diluyendo hacia los ’90, y la una toma de postura en relación a los experiencia drag cambia de lugar físico roles sociales preestablecidos (Newton, pero mantiene esta raíz narcisista del 1972: 3). mostrarse, el show-off, el afán de ser una estrella. No es coincidencia que, en Drag es una forma extremadamente paralelo a esto, un grupo de indetermi- inestable de ironía, transitando distintos nades comenzarán a llamarse a sí matices de significados según el grado mismos queer². Inicialmente se les fue de sensibilidad y sensatez de la audien- asignado a modo de insulto, pero si hay cia (Welt, 1996: 47). Leake lo explica de algo que estas minorías logran hacer de la siguiente manera: forma sobresaliente es dar vuelta los conceptos, convirtiendo el término en Drag es un lugar, drag es un momen- una forma de enunciarse. Unides por la to. Drag es un estado, es un sustanti- falta de representación en el escaso vo, verbo, adjetivo, dependiente de catálogo heteronormativo, les queer un contexto cultural en constante entendían este nuevo devenir como una cambio. El drag existe donde y posibilidad para profundizar sobre las nuevas identidades de género. Inspirades por Warhol y la Factory de los años ’60 y, queriendo revivir una 1. Under. Modismo inglés. Abrevitura de underground, utilizada para época de esplendor para el sub-mundo designar movimientos contraculturales. queer, surgen los Club Kids. Con una 2. Preciado desarrolla este concepto en: http://paroledequeer.blogspot.com/p/beatriz-preciado.html estética estridente, una manifiesta Conocé tu “herstory”. El espacio drag o cómo Heráclito y Aristóteles podrían haber sido Drag Queens individualidad, y con la bandera de la y extraño. Figuras de acción y culto en liberación sexual vienen a flexibilizar las sus propios templos. normas de género y a llenar el vacío en la escena nocturna de Nueva York. De la La tendencia hacia lo teatral y la esceni- década del ’90 en adelante, RuPaul, la ficación se refuerza de la mano de Batato descendencia de los Club Kids, consegui- Barea, “travesti-clown, performer, rá el título de supermodel e ícono indis- improvisador, cada una de sus interpre- cutible de la escena drag. Su nuevo para- taciones es legendaria sin que nadie digma trans-viste el orden de las cosas, pueda explicar muy bien lo que hacía” sacando al drag de la marginalidad y (Moreno, 2011: 12). Su reinado fue el volviéndolo un objeto mainstream. Centro Parakultural³, un centro artístico multidisciplinario de la cultura del 130 RH Pensando en la escena neoyorquina under. Allí, Barea junto con Tortonese y como punto de referencia, podemos Urdapilleta construyeron un modo interpretar al ámbito local como punto particular de montar los shows: con su de experimentación: en Argentina se espíritu transgresor y experimental estaba diluyendo la estructura militar exploraron las cuestiones de género y tras el autodenominado Proceso de derribaron paradigmas. Como sucedía Reorganización Nacional (1976-1983). en Paladium, los espectadores también La ola de la democracia trajo consigo a miraban desde lejos. La diferencia más Willy Lemos, navegador audaz de estas grande que se daba entre el ámbito aguas y conquistador de la escena drag neoyorquino y el local era la idea de local. La teatralidad viene a caracterizar comunidad: las drags en Estados el drag porteño de esa época: las “trans- Unidos tenían casa ficticia a la que formaciones” eran disimuladas bajo la volver y a la cual acudir, las Houses excusa de ser “actuación”, consecuencia LaBeija, Dupree, Xtravaganza; acá se directa de la dictadura, y las drag valían por sí solas, perteneciendo de queens eran ahora las anfitrionas de un manera colectiva al movimiento hedo- espectáculo único, nuevas emperatrices nista que las reunía, pero manteniendo de este nuevo imperio disruptivo. cada una su individualidad, en el devenir incesante del drag. La escena drag ancló su barco para estos años en Paladium, donde Willy Lemos La idea del devenir no es historizable era la MamaRu local. En él, la drag solo al siglo XX: “somos cambio cons- queen era el centro, la estrella. Un poco tante” repetía Heráclito de Éfeso en la por herencia, un poco por adaptación antigua Grecia como un mantra. Su del arte, las drags no encontraban su teoría pegó lo suficiente para que unos lugar a la par del público: apropiándose cuantos siglos después sigamos parafra- del escenario, el show se configura de seando y reinterpretando sus postula- modo que los ojos ya no van al centro dos. Mutamos todo el tiempo. Somos geográfico del lugar como sucedía en el algo y al rato ya no lo somos. No pode- ámbito de los ballrooms, sino que los ojos ahora apuntaban como brújulas hacia el escenario, nuevo altar, distante 3. El Parakultural se encontraba en un sótano en la calle Venezuela 336. EZEQUIEL FERNÁNDEZ MORÓN • SOFÍA ROATTA mos bañarnos dos veces en las aguas del de color fucsia; no hay persona que no mismo río, porque el río no es el mismo haya sido tocado por alguien que se haya y porque nosotros no somos los mismos. retocado con glitter que no haya encon- Si solo somos cambio, en definitiva, no trado rastros de este meses después. Así somos. sucedió con el drag: las viejas costum- bres del teatro quedaron como anécdo- Ahora bien, imaginemos que a Heráclito tas, pero el drag prevaleció.
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